The Assam territory was first separated from Bengal in 1874 as the 'North-East Frontier' non-regulation province. It was incorporated into the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905 and re-established as a province in 1912.
In 1824, Assam was occupied by British forces following the First Anglo-Burmese War and on 24 February 1826 it was ceded to Britain by Burma under the Yandaboo Treaty of 1826.[4] Between 1826 and 1832, Assam was made part of Bengal under the Bengal Presidency. From 1832 to October 1838, the Assam princely state was restored in Upper Assam while the British ruled in Lower Assam. Purandar Singha was allowed to rule as king of Upper Assam in 1833, but after that brief period Assam was annexed to Bengal by the British. In 1873, British political control was imposed on western Naga communities. On 6 February 1874, Assam, including Sylhet, was severed from Bengal to form the Assam Chief-Commissionership, also known as the 'North-East Frontier'. Shillong was chosen as the capital of the Non-Regulation Province of Assam in September 1874. The Lushai Hills were transferred to Assam in 1897. The new Commissionership included the five districts of Assam proper (Kamrup, Nagaon, Darrang, Sibsagar and Lakhimpur), Khasi-Jaintia Hills, Garo Hills, Naga Hills, Goalpara and Sylhet-Cachar comprising about 54,100 sq miles. Cooch Behar, a historical part of Assam, was left out.[5]
From 16 October 1905, Assam became part of the Province of East Bengal and Assam. The province was annulled in 1911 following a sustained mass protest campaign and on 1 April 1912 the two parts of Bengal were reunited and a new partition based on language followed, Oriya and Assamese areas were separated to form new administrative units: Bihar and Orissa Province was created to the west, and Assam Province to the east.
British India's Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms enacted through the Government of India Act 1919 expanded the Assam Legislative Council and introduced the principle of dyarchy, whereby certain responsibilities such as agriculture, health, education, and local government, were transferred to elected ministers. Some of the Indian ministers under the dyarchy scheme were Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla (Education and Agriculture 1924–1934) and Rai Bahadur Promode Chandra Dutta (Local Self-government).[6]
The Government of India Act 1935 provided provincial autonomy and further enlarged the elected provincial legislature to 108 elected members.[7] In 1937, elections were held for the newly created Assam Legislative Assembly established in Shillong. The Indian National Congress had the largest number of seats, with 38 members, but declined to form a government. Therefore, the Assam Valley Party with Muslim League's support Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla was invited to form a ministry. Saadulla's government resigned in September 1938, after the Congress changed its decision, and the Governor, Sir Robert Neil Reid, then invited Gopinath Bordoloi. Bordoloi's cabinet included the future President of IndiaFakhruddin Ali Ahmed. During the Japanese invasion of India in 1944, some areas of Assam Province, including the Naga Hills district and part of the Manipur princely state, were occupied by Japanese forces between mid March and July.
When fresh elections to the provincial legislatures were called in 1946, the Congress won a majority in Assam, and Bordoloi was again the Chief Minister. Prior to the Independence of India, on 1 April 1946, Assam Province was granted self-rule and on 15 August 1947 it became part of the Dominion of India.[8] Bordoloi continued as the Chief Minister even after India's independence in 1947.
assam, province, province, british, india, created, 1912, partition, eastern, bengal, capital, shillong, north, east, frontier, 1874, 1905, 1912, 1947, province, british, india1874, 1947flag, coat, arms, 1936capitalshillongarea, 1901121, 1914202, history, bifu. Assam Province was a province of British India created in 1912 by the partition of the Eastern Bengal and Assam Province Its capital was in Shillong North East Frontier 1874 1905 Assam Province 1912 1947 Province of British India1874 1947Flag Coat of armsAssam Province in 1936CapitalShillongArea 1901121 908 2 3 km2 47 069 sq mi 1914202 270 1 km2 78 100 sq mi History Bifurcation of Eastern Bengal and Assam1912 Simla Convention1914 Independence of India15 August 1947Preceded by Succeeded byBengal PresidencyEastern Bengal and Assam Undivided AssamSylhet divisionThe Assam territory was first separated from Bengal in 1874 as the North East Frontier non regulation province It was incorporated into the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam in 1905 and re established as a province in 1912 Contents 1 History 1 1 Chief commissioners 1 2 Governors 1 3 Chief ministers 1 4 Deputy Commissioners of the Naga Hills District 2 Demographics 3 See also 4 Notes 5 References 6 External linksHistory editMain article Colonial Assam In 1824 Assam was occupied by British forces following the First Anglo Burmese War and on 24 February 1826 it was ceded to Britain by Burma under the Yandaboo Treaty of 1826 4 Between 1826 and 1832 Assam was made part of Bengal under the Bengal Presidency From 1832 to October 1838 the Assam princely state was restored in Upper Assam while the British ruled in Lower Assam Purandar Singha was allowed to rule as king of Upper Assam in 1833 but after that brief period Assam was annexed to Bengal by the British In 1873 British political control was imposed on western Naga communities On 6 February 1874 Assam including Sylhet was severed from Bengal to form the Assam Chief Commissionership also known as the North East Frontier Shillong was chosen as the capital of the Non Regulation Province of Assam in September 1874 The Lushai Hills were transferred to Assam in 1897 The new Commissionership included the five districts of Assam proper Kamrup Nagaon Darrang Sibsagar and Lakhimpur Khasi Jaintia Hills Garo Hills Naga Hills Goalpara and Sylhet Cachar comprising about 54 100 sq miles Cooch Behar a historical part of Assam was left out 5 From 16 October 1905 Assam became part of the Province of East Bengal and Assam The province was annulled in 1911 following a sustained mass protest campaign and on 1 April 1912 the two parts of Bengal were reunited and a new partition based on language followed Oriya and Assamese areas were separated to form new administrative units Bihar and Orissa Province was created to the west and Assam Province to the east British India s Montagu Chelmsford Reforms enacted through the Government of India Act 1919 expanded the Assam Legislative Council and introduced the principle of dyarchy whereby certain responsibilities such as agriculture health education and local government were transferred to elected ministers Some of the Indian ministers under the dyarchy scheme were Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla Education and Agriculture 1924 1934 and Rai Bahadur Promode Chandra Dutta Local Self government 6 The Government of India Act 1935 provided provincial autonomy and further enlarged the elected provincial legislature to 108 elected members 7 In 1937 elections were held for the newly created Assam Legislative Assembly established in Shillong The Indian National Congress had the largest number of seats with 38 members but declined to form a government Therefore the Assam Valley Party with Muslim League s support Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulla was invited to form a ministry Saadulla s government resigned in September 1938 after the Congress changed its decision and the Governor Sir Robert Neil Reid then invited Gopinath Bordoloi Bordoloi s cabinet included the future President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed During the Japanese invasion of India in 1944 some areas of Assam Province including the Naga Hills district and part of the Manipur princely state were occupied by Japanese forces between mid March and July When fresh elections to the provincial legislatures were called in 1946 the Congress won a majority in Assam and Bordoloi was again the Chief Minister Prior to the Independence of India on 1 April 1946 Assam Province was granted self rule and on 15 August 1947 it became part of the Dominion of India 8 Bordoloi continued as the Chief Minister even after India s independence in 1947 Chief commissioners edit 1889 1891 James Wallace Quinton b 1834 d 1891 1912 1918 Archdale Earle b 1861 d 1934 1918 3 January 1921 Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell b 1867 d 1936 Governors edit See also List of Governors of Assam 3 January 1921 2 April 1921 Sir Nicholas Dodd Beatson Bell s a 3 April 1921 10 October 1922 Sir William Sinclair Marris b 1873 d 1945 10 Oct 1922 28 June 1927 Sir John Henry Kerr b 1871 d 1934 28 Jun 1927 11 May 1932 Sir Egbert Laurie Lucas Hammond b 1873 d 1939 11 May 1932 4 March 1937 Sir Michael Keane b 1874 d 1937 4 March 1937 4 May 1942 Robert Neil Reid b 1883 d 1964 4 May 1942 4 May 1947 Sir Andrew Gourlay Clow b 1890 d 1957 15 Mar 1944 Jul 1944 Mutaguchi Renya b 1888 d 1966 Mil Japanese military commander 16 Mar 1944 Jul 1944 A C Chatterjee IIL for the provisional government of Free India 4 May 1947 15 August 1947 Sir Saleh Hydari b 1894 d 1948 Chief ministers edit Main article Prime Minister of Assam 1 April 1937 19 September 1938 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla b 1885 d 1955 ML 1st time 19 Sep 1938 17 November 1939 Gopinath Bordoloi 1st time b 1890 d 1950 INC 17 Nov 1939 24 December 1941 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla s a ML 2nd time 24 Dec 1941 24 August 1942 Governor s Rule 25 Aug 1942 11 February 1946 Maulavi Saiyid Sir Muhammad Saadulla s a ML 3rd time 11 Feb 1946 15 August 1947 Gopinath Bordoloi 2nd time s a INCDeputy Commissioners of the Naga Hills District edit See also Naga Hills District British India 1912 1913 J K Webster 1913 1917 H C Berners 1917 1935 John Henry Hutton b 1885 d 1968 1935 1937 James Philip Mills b 1890 d 1960 1937 1947 Charles Ridley Pawsey b 1894 d 1972 Demographics editReligion in Assam Province 1941 citation needed Hinduism 44 50 Islam 33 73 Christianity 0 65 Others 21 22 See also editBengal Presidency Colonial Assam Northeast Frontier Railway zone Partition of BengalNotes edit Province area after Simla Convention and accession of South Tibet excluding dependent states Province area Total area including dependent states Manipur 8456 sq mi and Khasi Hills 6157 sq mi is 61 682 sq mi 159755 km2 The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 Vol IV p 14 Aitchison C U ed 1931 The Treaty of Yandaboo A Collection of Treaties Engagements and Sanads Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries Vol XII Calcutta Projectsouthasia sdstate edu pp 230 233 archived from the original on 2 December 2008 The Assam Legislative Assembly Times of Assam 11 May 2012 Retrieved 26 December 2019 Sharma Suresh 2006 Documents on North East India Assam 1664 1935 Mittal Publication ISBN 81 8324 089 5 Assam Legislative Assembly MLA 1937 46 assamassembly gov in Retrieved 26 December 2019 Provinces of British India www worldstatesmen org Retrieved 26 December 2019 nbsp This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Assam Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press References editThe Imperial Gazetteer of India 26 vol 1908 31 highly detailed description of all of India in 1901 online editionExternal links editIntegration of the North East the State Formation Process archived 19 February 2014 26 08 N 91 46 E 26 14 N 91 77 E 26 14 91 77 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Assam Province amp oldid 1192366280, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
