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Armée d'Orient (1915–1919)

April 18, 2023

The Armée d'Orient (AO) was a field army of the French Army during World War I who fought on the Macedonian front.

The Armée d'Orient was formed in September 1915 during the Conquest of Serbia by German-Austrian-Bulgarian forces, and shipped to the Greek port of Salonika where its first units arrived on 5 October. Despite several offensives, the front stabilized on the Greek-Serbian border until September 1918, when the Bulgarian army disintegrated after defeat in the Battle of Dobro Pole.

On 11 August 1916, all allied troops on the Salonika front came under a united command, and named Allied Army of the Orient. Supreme commander became the French commander of the Armée d'Orient Maurice Sarrail. He was replaced as commander of the Armée d'Orient by Victor Cordonnier, and the army itself was renamed the Armée française d'Orient (AFO).

Commanders

Units

  • 156th Infantry Division (France) (since October 1915), was formerly part of the Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient[1][2]
  • 57th Infantry Division (since October–November 1915)
  • 122nd Infantry Division (since October–November 1915)
  • 17th Colonial Infantry Division (France) (since February 1916), was formerly part of the Corps Expeditionnaire des Dardanelles[a]
  • fr:30e division d'infanterie (France) (since September–December 1916)
  • fr:76e division d'infanterie (France) (since September–December 1916)
  • 11th Colonial Infantry Division (since September–December 1916)
  • 16th Colonial Infantry Division (since September–December 1916)
  • Cavalry component
      • A Groupe Léger of six dismounted light cavalry squadrons, which equated to the strength of an infantry battalion.[4][b] (One squadron was from the 11th Hussar Regiment (France), the remainder were from the 3rd, 13th, 17th, 18th and 22nd regiments of Chasseurs à cheval.)[6] This formation arrived in 1915 and was disbanded on 15 June 1917, its personnel being transferred to the depot of the 4th Regiment of Chasseurs d'Afrique.[7][8]
      • 4 squadrons of Chasseurs d'Afrique, redeployed from Gallipoli. Disembarked at Salonika on 13 October 1915, the unit was disbanded on 10 December 1917. Its men were absorbed into the three cavalry regiments of the Jouinot-Gambetta brigade.[9]
    • A cavalry brigade formed in 1917. [10] The brigade was commanded by François Léon Jouinot-Gambetta
      • fr:4e régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique disembarked in November 1915.[11]
      • fr:1er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique disembarked in February 1916.[12]
      • régiment de marche de spahis marocains (RMSM) disembarked in March 1917.[13]
    • A provisional regiment of Zouaves attached to the cavalry, with the division provisoire Venel[14][15]They were subsequently in the 11th Colonial Division (November 1916 to May 1917), but never fought as a part of that Division.[16]
  • Escadrille N.391[17]

After World War I

After the victory against Bulgaria in the autumn of 1918, the AFO is divided in 3 parts :

Army of the Danube

Army of Hungary

  • Army of Hungary (AH), created on 1 March 1919 and dissolved on 31 August 1919. Commanded by
    • Paul-Joseph de Lobit

Corps for the Occupation of Constantinople

See also

Notes, citations, and references

Notes

  1. ^ General Jean César Graziani, as Chief of the General Staff of the French Army, was asked to provide statistical information, in respect of in the Gallipoli and Salonika campaigns, to highlight French participation in these theatres of war to the Russians. As at 17 August 1916, French forces comprised 3,075 officers, 113,000 other ranks, 45,593 horses & mules, 6,954 carriages and 1,110 automobiles.[3]
  2. ^ The Groupe Léger formation comprised six dismounted cavalry squadrons[5]

Citations

  1. ^ "De Gallipoli à Salonique". Forum pages14-18 (in French). Retrieved 8 September 2020. transcriptions of primary source documents, listing which units redeployed to Salonika
  2. ^ "Foreign Legion in the Balkans: 1915-1919". foreignlegion.info. Retrieved 22 June 2021. Here is the detailed history of the French Foreign Legion in the Balkans during the First World War.
  3. ^ Letter from Graziani to Lavergne dated 15 September 1916. '(Enclosure 2) The French war effort in Salonika.' In AFGG 8,1,1 Annexes (1924) Annexe n° 438, p. 728–734
  4. ^ Lepetit et al. 1933, p. 43.
  5. ^ Goya 2018, p. 157.
  6. ^ "13e régiment de chasseurs à cheval: J.M.O. 24 février 1915-22 février 1916: 26 N 890/16" (JPG). Mémoire des hommes: Journaux des Unites (1914–1918) (in French). Ministere De la Defense. image 19 of 31. Retrieved 29 June 2021. 17 October 1915: The dismounted squadrons of the light brigade are withdrawn ...to form part of the Serbian Expeditionary Force
  7. ^ "recherches infos sur 13 RCC". Forum pages14-18 (in French). Retrieved 29 June 2021. Extract from the war diary, stating the six squadrons, the disbandment date and the fate of the troopers
  8. ^ "17e régiment de chasseurs à cheval: Escadron à pied J.M.O. 18 octobre 1915-16 juin 1917: 26 N 892/10" (JPG). Mémoire des hommes: Journaux des Unites (1914–1918) (in French). Ministere De la Defense. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  9. ^ Historique du 8e RMCA 1915–1919 1920.
  10. ^ Lepetit et al. 1933, p. 476.
  11. ^ Historique du 4e RCA 1839–1919 1920.
  12. ^ Historique du 1er RCA 1914–1919 1920.
  13. ^ "Régiment de marche de spahis marocains: J.M.O. 1er janvier-8 décembre 1917: 26 N 75/10" (JPG). Mémoire des hommes: Journaux des Unites (1914–1918) (in French). Ministere De la Defense. Retrieved 29 June 2021. Embarked the British troopships Cestrian & Nitonian for passage to Salonika
  14. ^ Lepetit et al. 1933, p. 486.
  15. ^ . Archived from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  16. ^ Pompé 1924, pp. 972–973.
  17. ^ Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918, p. 221
  18. ^ Baker, Chris. "26th Division". The Long, Long Trail. Retrieved 12 November 2018.

References

  • Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank (1993). Over the Front: The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918. London, UK: Grub Street Publishing. ISBN 978-0-948817-54-0.
  • Goya, Michel (2018) [2004]. La chair et l'acier [Flesh and Steel during the Great War - The Transformation of the French Army and the Invention of Modern Warfare]. Translated by Uffindell, Andrew. Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 978-1-4738-8696-4.
  • Lepetit, Vincent; Tournyol du Clos, Alain; Rinieri, Ilario, eds. (1923). Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome VIII. La campagne d'Orient (Dardanelles et Salonique) Premier Volume. (février 1915-août 1916) [8,1]. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 491775878.
  • Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome VIII. Premier volume. La campagne d'Orient jusqu'à l'intervention de la Roumanie (février 1915-août 1916). Annexes - 1er Volume [8,1,1]. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique. primary source documents (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. 1924. OCLC 163166542.
  • Lepetit, Vincent; Tournyol du Clos, Alain; Rinieri, Ilario; Druène, Bernard, eds. (1933). Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome VIII. La campagne d'Orient (Dardanelles et Salonique) Deuxième Volume. (août 1916 jusqu'en avril 1918) [8,2]. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 491775909.
  • Tournyol du Clos, Alain; Rinieri, Ilario; Druène, Bernard, eds. (1934). Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome VIII. La campagne d'Orient (Dardanelles et Salonique) Troisième Volume. (avril 1918 à décembre 1918) [8,3]. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. OCLC 493568247.
  • Pompé, Daniel; et al., eds. (1924). Les armées françaises dans la Grande guerre. Tome X. 2e Volume. Ordres de bataille des grandes unités - Divisions d'Infanterie, Divisions de Cavalerie [10,2]. Ministère De la Guerre, Etat-Major de l'Armée - Service Historique (in French) (1st ed.). Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  • En campagne européenne 1914–1919 : 1er régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique (in French). Paris: Charles-Lavauzelle. 1920. FRBNF30895930.
  • Historique du 4me régiment de chasseurs d'Afrique depuis sa formation 1839 jusqu'à la fin de la Grande Guerre 1919 (in French). Bizerte: Imprimerie française. 1920. FRBNF42717877.
  • Historique succinct du 8e régiment de marche de chasseurs d'Afrique : campagne 1915–1919 (in French). Bizerte: Imprimerie française. 1920. FRBNF42718263.

External links

  • Chanoir, Yohann: Army of the Orient, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

April 18, 2023
armée, orient, 1915, 1919, armée, orient, field, army, french, army, during, world, fought, macedonian, front, armée, orient, formed, september, 1915, during, conquest, serbia, german, austrian, bulgarian, forces, shipped, greek, port, salonika, where, first, . The Armee d Orient AO was a field army of the French Army during World War I who fought on the Macedonian front The Armee d Orient was formed in September 1915 during the Conquest of Serbia by German Austrian Bulgarian forces and shipped to the Greek port of Salonika where its first units arrived on 5 October Despite several offensives the front stabilized on the Greek Serbian border until September 1918 when the Bulgarian army disintegrated after defeat in the Battle of Dobro Pole On 11 August 1916 all allied troops on the Salonika front came under a united command and named Allied Army of the Orient Supreme commander became the French commander of the Armee d Orient Maurice Sarrail He was replaced as commander of the Armee d Orient by Victor Cordonnier and the army itself was renamed the Armee francaise d Orient AFO Contents 1 Commanders 2 Units 3 After World War I 3 1 Army of the Danube 3 2 Army of Hungary 3 3 Corps for the Occupation of Constantinople 4 See also 5 Notes citations and references 6 External linksCommanders EditGeneral Maurice Sarrail 5 October 1915 11 August 1916 General Victor Cordonnier 11 August 1916 19 October 1916 General Paul Leblois 19 October 1916 1 February 1917 General Paul Francois Grossetti 1 February 1917 30 September 1917 General Charles Louis Jacques Regnault fr 30 September 1917 31 December 1917 General Paul Prosper Henrys 31 December 1917 April 1919 Units Edit156th Infantry Division France since October 1915 was formerly part of the Corps expeditionnaire d Orient 1 2 57th Infantry Division since October November 1915 122nd Infantry Division since October November 1915 17th Colonial Infantry Division France since February 1916 was formerly part of the Corps Expeditionnaire des Dardanelles a fr 30e division d infanterie France since September December 1916 fr 76e division d infanterie France since September December 1916 11th Colonial Infantry Division since September December 1916 16th Colonial Infantry Division since September December 1916 Cavalry component A Groupe Leger of six dismounted light cavalry squadrons which equated to the strength of an infantry battalion 4 b One squadron was from the 11th Hussar Regiment France the remainder were from the 3rd 13th 17th 18th and 22nd regiments of Chasseurs a cheval 6 This formation arrived in 1915 and was disbanded on 15 June 1917 its personnel being transferred to the depot of the 4th Regiment of Chasseurs d Afrique 7 8 4 squadrons of Chasseurs d Afrique redeployed from Gallipoli Disembarked at Salonika on 13 October 1915 the unit was disbanded on 10 December 1917 Its men were absorbed into the three cavalry regiments of the Jouinot Gambetta brigade 9 A cavalry brigade formed in 1917 10 The brigade was commanded by Francois Leon Jouinot Gambetta fr 4e regiment de chasseurs d Afrique disembarked in November 1915 11 fr 1er regiment de chasseurs d Afrique disembarked in February 1916 12 regiment de marche de spahis marocains RMSM disembarked in March 1917 13 A provisional regiment of Zouaves attached to the cavalry with the division provisoire Venel 14 15 They were subsequently in the 11th Colonial Division November 1916 to May 1917 but never fought as a part of that Division 16 Escadrille N 391 17 After World War I EditAfter the victory against Bulgaria in the autumn of 1918 the AFO is divided in 3 parts Army of the Danube Edit Army of the Danube AD created on 28 October 1918 operated in Romania and the Crimea Commanded by Henri Mathias Berthelot until May 1919 Jean Cesar Graziani until January 1920 Under the orders of General d Anselme French and allied elements were transported to Odessa at the end of December as part of the Southern Russia intervention In April 1919 they were evacuated from Odessa and Sevastopol and redeployed to occupy a sector next to the Dnieper It was primarily composed of the 30th 76th and 156th Infantry Divisions along with the 16th Colonial Infantry Division It was supported by 26th Division United Kingdom 18 until 15 December 1918 and the Greek Archipelago Division Army of Hungary Edit Army of Hungary AH created on 1 March 1919 and dissolved on 31 August 1919 Commanded by Paul Joseph de LobitCorps for the Occupation of Constantinople Edit Expeditionary corps for the Occupation of Constantinople COC Commanded by Louis Franchet d Esperey November 1918 January 1919 Albert Defrance February 1919 December 1920 Maurice Pelle 1921 22 October 1923 See also EditList of French armies in WWINotes citations and references EditNotes General Jean Cesar Graziani as Chief of the General Staff of the French Army was asked to provide statistical information in respect of in the Gallipoli and Salonika campaigns to highlight French participation in these theatres of war to the Russians As at 17 August 1916 French forces comprised 3 075 officers 113 000 other ranks 45 593 horses amp mules 6 954 carriages and 1 110 automobiles 3 The Groupe Leger formation comprised six dismounted cavalry squadrons 5 Citations De Gallipoli a Salonique Forum pages14 18 in French Retrieved 8 September 2020 transcriptions of primary source documents listing which units redeployed to Salonika Foreign Legion in the Balkans 1915 1919 foreignlegion info Retrieved 22 June 2021 Here is the detailed history of the French Foreign Legion in the Balkans during the First World War Letter from Graziani to Lavergne dated 15 September 1916 Enclosure 2 The French war effort in Salonika In AFGG 8 1 1 Annexes 1924 Annexe n 438 p 728 734 Lepetit et al 1933 p 43 Goya 2018 p 157 13e regiment de chasseurs a cheval J M O 24 fevrier 1915 22 fevrier 1916 26 N 890 16 JPG Memoire des hommes Journaux des Unites 1914 1918 in French Ministere De la Defense image 19 of 31 Retrieved 29 June 2021 17 October 1915 The dismounted squadrons of the light brigade are withdrawn to form part of the Serbian Expeditionary Force recherches infos sur 13 RCC Forum pages14 18 in French Retrieved 29 June 2021 Extract from the war diary stating the six squadrons the disbandment date and the fate of the troopers 17e regiment de chasseurs a cheval Escadron a pied J M O 18 octobre 1915 16 juin 1917 26 N 892 10 JPG Memoire des hommes Journaux des Unites 1914 1918 in French Ministere De la Defense Retrieved 29 June 2021 Historique du 8e RMCA 1915 1919 1920 Lepetit et al 1933 p 476 Historique du 4e RCA 1839 1919 1920 Historique du 1er RCA 1914 1919 1920 Regiment de marche de spahis marocains J M O 1er janvier 8 decembre 1917 26 N 75 10 JPG Memoire des hommes Journaux des Unites 1914 1918 in French Ministere De la Defense Retrieved 29 June 2021 Embarked the British troopships Cestrian amp Nitonian for passage to Salonika Lepetit et al 1933 p 486 Historique du 2e Regiment Bis de Marche de Zouaves Archived from the original on 15 March 2016 Retrieved 16 March 2014 Pompe 1924 pp 972 973 Over the Front The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services 1914 1918 p 221 Baker Chris 26th Division The Long Long Trail Retrieved 12 November 2018 References Franks Norman Bailey Frank 1993 Over the Front The Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services 1914 1918 London UK Grub Street Publishing ISBN 978 0 948817 54 0 Goya Michel 2018 2004 La chair et l acier Flesh and Steel during the Great War The Transformation of the French Army and the Invention of Modern Warfare Translated by Uffindell Andrew Pen amp Sword Military ISBN 978 1 4738 8696 4 Lepetit Vincent Tournyol du Clos Alain Rinieri Ilario eds 1923 Les armees francaises dans la Grande guerre Tome VIII La campagne d Orient Dardanelles et Salonique Premier Volume fevrier 1915 aout 1916 8 1 Ministere De la Guerre Etat Major de l Armee Service Historique in French Paris Imprimerie Nationale OCLC 491775878 Les armees francaises dans la Grande guerre Tome VIII Premier volume La campagne d Orient jusqu a l intervention de la Roumanie fevrier 1915 aout 1916 Annexes 1er Volume 8 1 1 Ministere De la Guerre Etat Major de l Armee Service Historique primary source documents in French Paris Imprimerie Nationale 1924 OCLC 163166542 Lepetit Vincent Tournyol du Clos Alain Rinieri Ilario Druene Bernard eds 1933 Les armees francaises dans la Grande guerre Tome VIII La campagne d Orient Dardanelles et Salonique Deuxieme Volume aout 1916 jusqu en avril 1918 8 2 Ministere De la Guerre Etat Major de l Armee Service Historique in French Paris Imprimerie Nationale OCLC 491775909 Tournyol du Clos Alain Rinieri Ilario Druene Bernard eds 1934 Les armees francaises dans la Grande guerre Tome VIII La campagne d Orient Dardanelles et Salonique Troisieme Volume avril 1918 a decembre 1918 8 3 Ministere De la Guerre Etat Major de l Armee Service Historique in French Paris Imprimerie Nationale OCLC 493568247 Pompe Daniel et al eds 1924 Les armees francaises dans la Grande guerre Tome X 2e Volume Ordres de bataille des grandes unites Divisions d Infanterie Divisions de Cavalerie 10 2 Ministere De la Guerre Etat Major de l Armee Service Historique in French 1st ed Paris Imprimerie Nationale Retrieved 6 September 2020 En campagne europeenne 1914 1919 1er regiment de chasseurs d Afrique in French Paris Charles Lavauzelle 1920 FRBNF30895930 Historique du 4me regiment de chasseurs d Afrique depuis sa formation 1839 jusqu a la fin de la Grande Guerre 1919 in French Bizerte Imprimerie francaise 1920 FRBNF42717877 Historique succinct du 8e regiment de marche de chasseurs d Afrique campagne 1915 1919 in French Bizerte Imprimerie francaise 1920 FRBNF42718263 External links Edit Chanoir Yohann Army of the Orient in 1914 1918 online International Encyclopedia of the First World War Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Armee d 27Orient 1915 1919 amp oldid 1141387139, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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