Arkady PetrovichGaidar (Russian: Арка́дий Петро́вич Гайда́р, born Golikov, Russian: Го́ликов; 22 January [O.S. 9 January] 1904[1] – 26 October 1941) was a Russian Soviet writer, whose stories were very popular among Soviet children, and a Red Army commander.[2]
Gaidar was born in the town of Lgov, Kursk Governorate, Russian Empire (now in Kursk Oblast, Russia), to a family of teachers of Russian aristocratic descent.[2] Through his noble mother, he was a descendant of Mikhail Lermontov. In 1912, the family moved to Arzamas where in 1914 Arkady enrolled in a local secondary school. In 1917, as an ardent 13-year-old Bolshevik follower, Gaidar started to distribute leaflets and patrol the streets. During one such mission, he received his first wound, a stab in the chest.[3]
In 1918, Golikov applied for Communist Party membership and started working for the local newspaper Molot as a correspondent. In August 1918, he became a party member and in December volunteered for the Red Army, having lied about his age. In January 1919, Golikov went to the front as a Special Unit commander's adjutant, to fight what Soviet biographies referred to as the 'kulak gangs'.[2][4]
Fresh from the 7th Moscow Red Commanders' courses, Gaidar went to the Ukrainian (later Polish) front as a company commander. In December 1919, injured and shell-shocked, he was demobilised, but in March 1920 returned to the Red Army, to the Caucasian Front's 9th Army, 37th Kuban Division, as a company commander again. In summer 1920, Gaidar took part in operations against the units of generals Geyman and Zhitikov.[5]
In 1921, Gaidar participated in the suppression of several anti-communist uprisings, among them Antonovshchina. In 1922, he was moved to the Mongolian border (where the Red Army was fighting White Army units led by colonels Oliferov and Solovyov), but later that year he was hospitalised with traumatic neuroses. He retired from the army in 1924 due to a contusion.[5][6]
As the Great Patriotic War broke out, Gaidar was sent to the front as a special correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. In the fall of 1941, Gaidar and other soldiers were surrounded by German troops. He joined the partisans and became a machine gunner. On 26 October, Gaidar was killed in combat near the village of Lyuplyava. He was buried in the town of Kaniv.
Literary work
In 1925, Gaidar's debut novel In the Days of Defeats and Victories was published, followed by Life For Nothing and The Mystery of a Mountain, a sci-fi novel and, most notably, R.V.S. (1925) which formed a blueprint for his career as a children's writer, telling stories of front-line camaraderie and the romanticism of the revolutionary struggle.[5] In 1927, Gaidar moved to Moscow. A year later, he went to Archangelsk to work for a local newspaper, Pravda Severa. Back in Moscow, in 1930, he published the novel School (originally titled "The Plain Biography"). In the early 1930s, several articles on Gaidar's works appeared in the Soviet press, Konstantin Fedin being his major supporter and mentor. In 1939, Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour.[2] Short stories "The Military Secret" (1935), "The Blue Cup" (1936) and the novel Blue Stars (1939) were followed by his most famous work, Timur and His Squad (1940), its hero named after, and partially based on the character of, the author's son. A captivating account of an altruisticpioneer youth gave birth to the mass Timur movement among Young Pioneers and other children's organisations all over the Soviet Union.[5]
A number of films were made based on his stories. Gaidar's books have been translated into many languages.
Novels
In the Days of Defeats and Victories (ru:В дни поражений и побед), short version: 1925, full: 1926
The novel incorporates as a story within a story the earlier published fantasy tale (skazka) A tale about a war secret, about the boy Nipper-Pipper, and his word of honour (ru:Сказка о Военной тайне, о Мальчише-Кибальчише и его твёрдом слове, 1933), where Nipper-Pipper (Malchish-Kibalchish) has become a signature literary child hero in the Soviet Union.[7]
Gaidar was awarded two orders and several medals.[2][5]
A monument honouring him was erected in Kaniv in 1953.
Three biographical movies about Arkady Gaidar were released in the USSR: Serebryanye truby (Russian: Silver Trumpets) (1970), Konets imperatora taygi (Russian: The Death of the Taiga Emperor) (1978), and Ostayus s vami (Russian: I'll Stay with You) (1981). The latter was a story of Arkady Gaidar's last days.
Pseudonym
Arkady's son, Timur Gaidar published two versions of the pseudonym's origin:[9]
This an abbreviation of French "Golikov Arkadyd ' Arsamas", which means "Golikov, Arkady from Arzamas".
Arkady took the name Gaidar from a Khakas language word meaning going first, the leader. Another version is that the name comes from the Khakas word for "Where is?" which is the question Gaidar would shout as he and his unit went from village to village in the Yenisei River region tracking down (and eventually killing) the Cossack hetman he was pursuing during the Civil War.
Family
Arkady Gaidar's father, Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov, a teacher (after the 1917 Revolution a Red Army commissar), came from a working-class family. His mother, Natalya Arkadyevna Golikova (née Salkova), also a teacher (after the Revolution a doctor), was a daughter of a Tsarist Army officer. Arkady was the first of the couple's four children. His three sisters were Natalya, Olga and Yekaterina.[2]
The Russian economist Yegor Gaidar was Arkady Gaidar's grandson. Yegor Gaidar's father, Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar, was his son.[10]
Maria Gaidar (born 1982), Russian activist, is a daughter of Yegor Gaidar.
References
^There are conflicting evidences as to the date of Gaidar's birth. In a diary he cited it as 9 February 1904 (old style), according to his sister Natalya's memoirs it was 9 January.
^ abcdefArkady Gaidar. Biography. Timeline. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 4. Pp 261–272.
^Kassil, Lev. Biography. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 1. Pp. 38.
^Gribanov, Vladimir. "Аркадий Гайдар: романтика прицельного выстрела" ("Arkady Gaidar: Romance of an Aimed Shot"). Аргументы и факты (Argumenty i Fakty). 22 October 2002. Argumenty i Fakty. Retrieved 26 February 2009. http://gazeta.aif.ru/online/tv/119/tg15_01(in Russian)
^ abcde. www.gaydar.net.ua. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
^Arkady Gaidar. Biography. Timeline. Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes. Detskaya Literatura Publishers. Moscow, 1964. Vol. 1. Pp. 38.
Gaidar, Arkady Petrovich at SovLit.net – Encyclopedia of Soviet Authors
January 20, 2023
arkady, gaidar, arkady, petrovich, gaidar, russian, Арка, дий, Петро, вич, Гайда, born, golikov, russian, Го, ликов, january, january, 1904, october, 1941, russian, soviet, writer, whose, stories, were, very, popular, among, soviet, children, army, commander, . Arkady Petrovich Gaidar Russian Arka dij Petro vich Gajda r born Golikov Russian Go likov 22 January O S 9 January 1904 1 26 October 1941 was a Russian Soviet writer whose stories were very popular among Soviet children and a Red Army commander 2 Arkady Gaidar Contents 1 Biography 2 Literary work 2 1 Novels 2 2 English translations 3 Recognition and remembrance 4 Pseudonym 5 Family 6 References 7 External linksBiography EditGaidar was born in the town of Lgov Kursk Governorate Russian Empire now in Kursk Oblast Russia to a family of teachers of Russian aristocratic descent 2 Through his noble mother he was a descendant of Mikhail Lermontov In 1912 the family moved to Arzamas where in 1914 Arkady enrolled in a local secondary school In 1917 as an ardent 13 year old Bolshevik follower Gaidar started to distribute leaflets and patrol the streets During one such mission he received his first wound a stab in the chest 3 In 1918 Golikov applied for Communist Party membership and started working for the local newspaper Molot as a correspondent In August 1918 he became a party member and in December volunteered for the Red Army having lied about his age In January 1919 Golikov went to the front as a Special Unit commander s adjutant to fight what Soviet biographies referred to as the kulak gangs 2 4 Fresh from the 7th Moscow Red Commanders courses Gaidar went to the Ukrainian later Polish front as a company commander In December 1919 injured and shell shocked he was demobilised but in March 1920 returned to the Red Army to the Caucasian Front s 9th Army 37th Kuban Division as a company commander again In summer 1920 Gaidar took part in operations against the units of generals Geyman and Zhitikov 5 In 1921 Gaidar participated in the suppression of several anti communist uprisings among them Antonovshchina In 1922 he was moved to the Mongolian border where the Red Army was fighting White Army units led by colonels Oliferov and Solovyov but later that year he was hospitalised with traumatic neuroses He retired from the army in 1924 due to a contusion 5 6 As the Great Patriotic War broke out Gaidar was sent to the front as a special correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda In the fall of 1941 Gaidar and other soldiers were surrounded by German troops He joined the partisans and became a machine gunner On 26 October Gaidar was killed in combat near the village of Lyuplyava He was buried in the town of Kaniv Literary work EditIn 1925 Gaidar s debut novel In the Days of Defeats and Victories was published followed by Life For Nothing and The Mystery of a Mountain a sci fi novel and most notably R V S 1925 which formed a blueprint for his career as a children s writer telling stories of front line camaraderie and the romanticism of the revolutionary struggle 5 In 1927 Gaidar moved to Moscow A year later he went to Archangelsk to work for a local newspaper Pravda Severa Back in Moscow in 1930 he published the novel School originally titled The Plain Biography In the early 1930s several articles on Gaidar s works appeared in the Soviet press Konstantin Fedin being his major supporter and mentor In 1939 Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honour 2 Short stories The Military Secret 1935 The Blue Cup 1936 and the novel Blue Stars 1939 were followed by his most famous work Timur and His Squad 1940 its hero named after and partially based on the character of the author s son A captivating account of an altruistic pioneer youth gave birth to the mass Timur movement among Young Pioneers and other children s organisations all over the Soviet Union 5 A number of films were made based on his stories Gaidar s books have been translated into many languages Novels Edit In the Days of Defeats and Victories ru V dni porazhenij i pobed short version 1925 full 1926 R V S RVS the Russian abbreviation refers to Revolutionary Military Council 1925 Life for Nothing ru Zhizn ni vo chto 1926 Forest Brothers Lesnye bratya 1927 School Shkola 1930 Distant Countries Dalnie strany 1932 Military Secret Voennaya tajna 1935 The novel incorporates as a story within a story the earlier published fantasy tale skazka A tale about a war secret about the boy Nipper Pipper and his word of honour ru Skazka o Voennoj tajne o Malchishe Kibalchishe i ego tvyordom slove 1933 where Nipper Pipper Malchish Kibalchish has become a signature literary child hero in the Soviet Union 7 The Blue Cup ru Golubaya chashka 1936 Moscow Raduga Publishers 1988 ISBN 5 05 002177 4 The Drummer s Fate Sudba barabanshika 1939 Blue Stars 1939 Smoke in the Forest Dym v lesu 1939 Chuk and Gek Chuk i Gek 1939 Timur and His Squad Timur i ego komanda 1940English translations Edit Timur and his Gang Charles Scribner s Sons NY 1943 School and Other Stories Progress Publishers Moscow 1967 The Blue Cup Progress Publishers Moscow 1981 Selected Stories Raduga Publishers Moscow 1986 The Drummer Boy and Two Other Stories Hutchinson s Books for Young People London 1947 8 Chuk and Gek Progress Publishers Moscow 1973 Recognition and remembrance EditGaidar was awarded two orders and several medals 2 5 A monument honouring him was erected in Kaniv in 1953 Three biographical movies about Arkady Gaidar were released in the USSR Serebryanye truby Russian Silver Trumpets 1970 Konets imperatora taygi Russian The Death of the Taiga Emperor 1978 and Ostayus s vami Russian I ll Stay with You 1981 The latter was a story of Arkady Gaidar s last days Pseudonym EditArkady s son Timur Gaidar published two versions of the pseudonym s origin 9 This an abbreviation of French Golikov Arkady d Arsamas which means Golikov Arkady from Arzamas Arkady took the name Gaidar from a Khakas language word meaning going first the leader Another version is that the name comes from the Khakas word for Where is which is the question Gaidar would shout as he and his unit went from village to village in the Yenisei River region tracking down and eventually killing the Cossack hetman he was pursuing during the Civil War Family EditArkady Gaidar s father Pyotr Isidorovich Golikov a teacher after the 1917 Revolution a Red Army commissar came from a working class family His mother Natalya Arkadyevna Golikova nee Salkova also a teacher after the Revolution a doctor was a daughter of a Tsarist Army officer Arkady was the first of the couple s four children His three sisters were Natalya Olga and Yekaterina 2 The Russian economist Yegor Gaidar was Arkady Gaidar s grandson Yegor Gaidar s father Rear Admiral Timur Gaidar was his son 10 Maria Gaidar born 1982 Russian activist is a daughter of Yegor Gaidar References Edit There are conflicting evidences as to the date of Gaidar s birth In a diary he cited it as 9 February 1904 old style according to his sister Natalya s memoirs it was 9 January a b c d e f Arkady Gaidar Biography Timeline Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes Detskaya Literatura Moscow 1964 Vol 4 Pp 261 272 Kassil Lev Biography Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes Detskaya Literatura Publishers Moscow 1964 Vol 1 Pp 38 Gribanov Vladimir Arkadij Gajdar romantika pricelnogo vystrela Arkady Gaidar Romance of an Aimed Shot Argumenty i fakty Argumenty i Fakty 22 October 2002 Argumenty i Fakty Retrieved 26 February 2009 http gazeta aif ru online tv 119 tg15 01 in Russian a b c d e Arkady Gaidar www gaydar net ua Archived from the original on 23 October 2013 Retrieved 13 January 2014 Arkady Gaidar Biography Timeline Works by Arkady Gaidar in 4 volumes Detskaya Literatura Publishers Moscow 1964 Vol 1 Pp 38 MALChISh KIBALChISh Books and Pamphlets on Russia 1947 The Slavonic and East European Review Vol 26 No 67 Golikov Arkadij iz Arzamasa by Timur Gaidar Petr Aven Alfred Kokh 2015 Gaidar s Revolution The Inside Account of the Economic Transformation of Russia I B Tauris ISBN 978 0 857 73958 2 External links EditArkady Gaidar at IMDb Gaidar Arkady Petrovich at SovLit net Encyclopedia of Soviet Authors Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arkady Gaidar amp oldid 1120315322, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
