Ardashir-Khwarrah (Middle Persian: Arđaxšēr-Xwarra, meaning "glory of Ardashir") was one of the four (later five) administrative divisions of the Sasanian province of Pars. The other administrative divisions were Shapur-Khwarrah, Istakhr and Darabgerd, while a fifth named Arrajan was founded in the early 6th century by Kavadh I (r. 498–531).
Ardashir-Khwarrah was founded by the first Sasanian king Ardashir I (r. 224-242), who around the same time also founded its capital, Gor. Although some sources state that the capital was established after Ardashir's victory in 244 over the Parthian king Artabanus V, archeological evidence confirm that it was established before the battle.[1] In Gor, Ardashir I built a Zoroastrian tower called Terbal, which was similar to a Buddhiststupa. Furthermore, he also built a fire-temple which the 10th-century Arab historian al-Masudi reportedly visited.[2]
In the early 5th-century, a bridge was built in Gor by the Sasanian minister (wuzurg framadār) Mihr Narseh, who was a native of Abruwan, a subdistrict in Ardashir-Khwarrah. An inscription was also written on the bridge, which says; "This bridge was built by order of Mihr-Narseh, wuzurg framadār, for his soul's sake and at his own expense... Whoever has come on this road let him give a blessing to Mihr-Narseh and his sons for that he thus bridged this crossing."[3] Furthermore, he also founded four villages with a fire-temple in each of them. The name of the fire-temples were; Faraz-mara-awar-khwadaya, Zurwandadan, Kardadan, and Mahgushnaspan. He had a fifth fire-temple constructed in Abruwan, which may have been the Barin fire-temple that the 10th-century Persian geographer Estakhri visited, who stated that the fire-temple had an inscription that stated 30,000 dirhams was spent for its construction.[4] Sometime before 540, a diocese was established in Gor.[2]
In ca. 644, during the Arab invasion of Iran, one of Ardashir-Khwarrah's subdistricts, Tawwaz, was seized by al-'Ala' ibn al-Hadrami, who thereafter sent Hormoz ibn Hayyan al-'Abdi to capture Siniz, which he successfully managed to. In 649/50, Abd-Allah ibn Amir made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Gor. In 650/1, the last Sasanian king Yazdegerd III (r. 632–651) went to Gor to plan an organized resistance against the Arabs, but after receiving the news of Istakhr's fall, fled to Kirman. The Arabs then quickly seized Gor, Siraf, and the rest of Pars.[5]
Huff, Dietrich (1999). "FĪRŪZĀBĀD". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. IX, Fasc. 6. pp. 633–636.
Miri, Negin (2009). (PDF). Sasanika. University of Sydney. pp. 1–65. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2016-03-22.
Morony, M. (1986). "ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2. pp. 203–210.
Perikhanian, A. (1983). "Iranian Society and Law". The Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (2). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 627–681. ISBN978-0-521-24693-4.
May 05, 2023
ardashir, khwarrah, middle, persian, arđaxšēr, xwarra, meaning, glory, ardashir, four, later, five, administrative, divisions, sasanian, province, pars, other, administrative, divisions, were, shapur, khwarrah, istakhr, darabgerd, while, fifth, named, arrajan,. Ardashir Khwarrah Middle Persian Arđaxser Xwarra meaning glory of Ardashir was one of the four later five administrative divisions of the Sasanian province of Pars The other administrative divisions were Shapur Khwarrah Istakhr and Darabgerd while a fifth named Arrajan was founded in the early 6th century by Kavadh I r 498 531 Ardashir KhwarrahArđaxser XwarraAdministrative division of Sasanian Parsca 224 651Map of Sasanian ParsCapitalGorHistoryHistorical eraLate Antiquity Established224 Muslim conquest651Preceded by Succeeded byParthian Empire Rashidun CaliphateToday part of Bahrain Iran Kuwait Qatar United Arab Emirates Contents 1 History 2 Subdistricts 3 Notables from Ardashir Khwarrah 4 References 5 SourcesHistory EditArdashir Khwarrah was founded by the first Sasanian king Ardashir I r 224 242 who around the same time also founded its capital Gor Although some sources state that the capital was established after Ardashir s victory in 244 over the Parthian king Artabanus V archeological evidence confirm that it was established before the battle 1 In Gor Ardashir I built a Zoroastrian tower called Terbal which was similar to a Buddhist stupa Furthermore he also built a fire temple which the 10th century Arab historian al Masudi reportedly visited 2 In the early 5th century a bridge was built in Gor by the Sasanian minister wuzurg framadar Mihr Narseh who was a native of Abruwan a subdistrict in Ardashir Khwarrah An inscription was also written on the bridge which says This bridge was built by order of Mihr Narseh wuzurg framadar for his soul s sake and at his own expense Whoever has come on this road let him give a blessing to Mihr Narseh and his sons for that he thus bridged this crossing 3 Furthermore he also founded four villages with a fire temple in each of them The name of the fire temples were Faraz mara awar khwadaya Zurwandadan Kardadan and Mahgushnaspan He had a fifth fire temple constructed in Abruwan which may have been the Barin fire temple that the 10th century Persian geographer Estakhri visited who stated that the fire temple had an inscription that stated 30 000 dirhams was spent for its construction 4 Sometime before 540 a diocese was established in Gor 2 In ca 644 during the Arab invasion of Iran one of Ardashir Khwarrah s subdistricts Tawwaz was seized by al Ala ibn al Hadrami who thereafter sent Hormoz ibn Hayyan al Abdi to capture Siniz which he successfully managed to In 649 50 Abd Allah ibn Amir made an unsuccessful attempt to capture Gor In 650 1 the last Sasanian king Yazdegerd III r 632 651 went to Gor to plan an organized resistance against the Arabs but after receiving the news of Istakhr s fall fled to Kirman The Arabs then quickly seized Gor Siraf and the rest of Pars 5 Subdistricts EditThe subdistricts of Ardashir Khwarrah were Abarkavan Island Abarsas Abruwan Alar Alavad Gor Bahrain Bayza Bokht Ardashir Dih Gowaym Irahestan Karzin Khabr Khorram Ardashir Khunapakan Kovar Kujaran Ardashir Shiraz Siniz Siraf Sotuj TawwazNotables from Ardashir Khwarrah EditAspad Gushnasp Farrukhmard Mihr Narseh Sukhra Shapur I ZurwandadReferences Edit Huff 1999 pp 633 636 a b Bosworth 1986 pp 384 385 Perikhanian 1983 pp 661 662 Daryaee 2012 Morony 1986 pp 203 210 Sources EditBosworth C E 1986 ARDASiR ḴORRA Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Fasc 4 pp 384 385 Daryaee Touraj 2012 MEHR NARSEH Encyclopaedia Iranica Huff Dietrich 1999 FiRuZABAD Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol IX Fasc 6 pp 633 636 Miri Negin 2009 Historical Geography of Fars during the Sasanian Period PDF Sasanika University of Sydney pp 1 65 Archived from the original PDF on 2016 04 04 Retrieved 2016 03 22 Morony M 1986 ʿARAB ii Arab conquest of Iran Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Fasc 2 pp 203 210 Perikhanian A 1983 Iranian Society and Law The Cambridge History of Iran The Seleucid Parthian and Sasanian periods 2 Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 627 681 ISBN 978 0 521 24693 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ardashir Khwarrah amp oldid 1069603458, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
