Archaeopterygidae is a group of paraviandinosaurs, known from the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous of Europe. In most current classifications, it contains only the genera Archaeopteryx and Wellnhoferia. As its name suggests, Protarchaeopteryx was also once referred to this group, but most paleontologists now consider it an oviraptorosaur. Other referred genera, like Jurapteryx, Wellnhoferia, and "Proornis", are probably synonymous with Archaeopteryx (the former two) or do not belong into this group (the last). Jinfengopteryx was originally described as an archaeopterygid, though it was later shown to be a troodontid.[3][4][5] A few studies have recovered Anchiornis and Xiaotingia (usually considered part of a distinct clade, Anchiornithidae) to also be members of the Archaeopterygidae,[6] though most subsequent analyses have failed to arrive at the same result. Uncertainties still exist, however, and it may not be possible to confidently state whether archaeopterygids are more closely related to modern birds or to deinonychosaurs barring new and better specimens of relevant species.[7] Teeth attributable to archaeopterygids are known from the earliest Cretaceous (Berriasian) Cherves-de-Cognac locality and the Angeac-Charente bonebed of France.[8][9]
The family Archaeopterygidae is the only family in the order Archaeopterygiformes, which was coined by Max Fürbringer in 1888 to contain Archaeopterygidae and genus Archaeopteryx.[10] A formal phylogenetic definition for Archaeopterygidae was given by Xu and colleagues in 2011: the clade comprising all animals closer to Archaeopteryx than to the house sparrow or Dromaeosaurus.[6]
The family Dromaeosauridae, traditionally considered to be non-avian dinosaurs, have been included in this group by at least one author, although the group was paraphyletic in that classification, with Dromaeosaurus and Velociraptor (including Deinonychus and Saurornitholestes) being more closely related to modern birds than Archaeopteryx was.[11] Discoveries of a number of primitive forms have muddied the relationships of early birds, making it possible that Velociraptor and Deinonychus could be considered birds as they might have evolved from flying ancestors. Palaeoartist Gregory S. Paul placed dromaeosaurids in Archaeopterygidae for these reasons, though the eventual cladistic definition of Archaeopterygidae explicitly excluded them.[11]
The family Anchiornithidae has had some of the members or the entirety of the group placed as archaeopterygids in various systematic studies.[6][12][1] The cladogram below shows the results of the phylogenetic analysis by Cau (2020).[1]
^ abcCau, Andrea (2020-02-25). "The body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei (Dinosauria, Theropoda) is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory". PeerJ. 8: e8672. doi:10.7717/peerj.8672. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC7047864. PMID 32140312.
^Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "Catalogue of fossil birds 1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological Sciences, Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180–293. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
^Ji, Q.; Ji, S.; Lu, J.; You, H.; Chen, W.; Liu, Y. & Liu, Y. (2005). "First avialan bird from China (Jinfengopteryx elegans gen. et sp. nov.)". Geological Bulletin of China. 24 (3): 197–205.
^Chiappe, L.M. (2007) Glorified Dinosaurs: The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds. Sydney: UNSW Press. ISBN0471247235.
^Turner, Alan H.; Pol, Diego; Clarke, Julia A.; Erickson, Gregory M.; Norell, Mark (2007). "A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight". Science. 317 (5843): 1378–1381. Bibcode:2007Sci...317.1378T. doi:10.1126/science.1144066. PMID 17823350.
^ abcXing Xu; Hailu You; Kai Du & Fenglu Han (28 July 2011). (PDF). Nature. 475 (7357): 465–470. doi:10.1038/nature10288. PMID 21796204. S2CID 205225790. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
^Lee, M. S. Y. & Worthy, T. H. (2011). "Likelihood reinstates Archaeopteryx as a primitive bird". Biology Letters. 8 (2): 299–303. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0884. PMC3297401. PMID 22031726.
^Louchart, Antoine; Pouech, Joane (May 2017). "A tooth of Archaeopterygidae (Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous of France extends the spatial and temporal occurrence of the earliest birds". Cretaceous Research. 73: 40–46. Bibcode:2017CrRes..73...40L. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2017.01.004.
^Ronan Allain, Romain Vullo, Lee Rozada, Jérémy Anquetin, Renaud Bourgeais, et al.. Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (southwestern France): implications for continental faunal turnover at the J/K boundary. Geodiversitas, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, In press. ffhal-03264773f
^Fürbringer, M. (1888) Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Voegel, Amsterdam, van Halkema, p. 1751
^ abPaul, G.S. (1988). Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. New York: Simon and Schuster.
^Hartman, Scott; Mortimer, Mickey; Wahl, William R.; Lomax, Dean R.; Lippincott, Jessica; Lovelace, David M. (2019). "A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight". PeerJ. 7: e7247. doi:10.7717/peerj.7247. PMC6626525. PMID 31333906.
Catalogue of fossil birds
January 01, 1970
archaeopterygidae, group, paravian, dinosaurs, known, from, latest, jurassic, earliest, cretaceous, europe, most, current, classifications, contains, only, genera, archaeopteryx, wellnhoferia, name, suggests, protarchaeopteryx, also, once, referred, this, grou. Archaeopterygidae is a group of paravian dinosaurs known from the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous of Europe In most current classifications it contains only the genera Archaeopteryx and Wellnhoferia As its name suggests Protarchaeopteryx was also once referred to this group but most paleontologists now consider it an oviraptorosaur Other referred genera like Jurapteryx Wellnhoferia and Proornis are probably synonymous with Archaeopteryx the former two or do not belong into this group the last Jinfengopteryx was originally described as an archaeopterygid though it was later shown to be a troodontid 3 4 5 A few studies have recovered Anchiornis and Xiaotingia usually considered part of a distinct clade Anchiornithidae to also be members of the Archaeopterygidae 6 though most subsequent analyses have failed to arrive at the same result Uncertainties still exist however and it may not be possible to confidently state whether archaeopterygids are more closely related to modern birds or to deinonychosaurs barring new and better specimens of relevant species 7 Teeth attributable to archaeopterygids are known from the earliest Cretaceous Berriasian Cherves de Cognac locality and the Angeac Charente bonebed of France 8 9 ArchaeopterygidaeTemporal range 150 8 148 5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Possible Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous records if Anchiornithids are a subfamily Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx lithographica Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Clade Dinosauria Clade Saurischia Clade Theropoda Clade Paraves Family ArchaeopterygidaeHuxley 1871 conserved name Type species Archaeopteryx lithographicavon Meyer 1861 conserved name Genera and possible subfamily 1 Archaeopteryx Wellnhoferia Anchiornithinae Synonyms Archaeornithidae Petronievics 1925 Archaeopteridae sic Shufeldt 1903 Archornithidae Carus 1875 2 Anchiornithidae Xu et al 2016Classification editThe family Archaeopterygidae is the only family in the order Archaeopterygiformes which was coined by Max Furbringer in 1888 to contain Archaeopterygidae and genus Archaeopteryx 10 A formal phylogenetic definition for Archaeopterygidae was given by Xu and colleagues in 2011 the clade comprising all animals closer to Archaeopteryx than to the house sparrow or Dromaeosaurus 6 The family Dromaeosauridae traditionally considered to be non avian dinosaurs have been included in this group by at least one author although the group was paraphyletic in that classification with Dromaeosaurus and Velociraptor including Deinonychus and Saurornitholestes being more closely related to modern birds than Archaeopteryx was 11 Discoveries of a number of primitive forms have muddied the relationships of early birds making it possible that Velociraptor and Deinonychus could be considered birds as they might have evolved from flying ancestors Palaeoartist Gregory S Paul placed dromaeosaurids in Archaeopterygidae for these reasons though the eventual cladistic definition of Archaeopterygidae explicitly excluded them 11 The family Anchiornithidae has had some of the members or the entirety of the group placed as archaeopterygids in various systematic studies 6 12 1 The cladogram below shows the results of the phylogenetic analysis by Cau 2020 1 Archaeopteryx lithographica Archaeopteryx albersdoerferi Xiaotingia Yixianosaurus Serikornis Eosinopteryx Anchiornis Aurornis CaihongReferences edit a b c Cau Andrea 2020 02 25 The body plan of Halszkaraptor escuilliei Dinosauria Theropoda is not a transitional form along the evolution of dromaeosaurid hypercarnivory PeerJ 8 e8672 doi 10 7717 peerj 8672 ISSN 2167 8359 PMC 7047864 PMID 32140312 Brodkob Pierce 1963 Catalogue of fossil birds 1 Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes Biological Sciences Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 7 4 180 293 Retrieved 30 December 2015 Ji Q Ji S Lu J You H Chen W Liu Y amp Liu Y 2005 First avialan bird from China Jinfengopteryx elegans gen et sp nov Geological Bulletin of China 24 3 197 205 Chiappe L M 2007 Glorified Dinosaurs The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds Sydney UNSW Press ISBN 0471247235 Turner Alan H Pol Diego Clarke Julia A Erickson Gregory M Norell Mark 2007 A basal dromaeosaurid and size evolution preceding avian flight Science 317 5843 1378 1381 Bibcode 2007Sci 317 1378T doi 10 1126 science 1144066 PMID 17823350 a b c Xing Xu Hailu You Kai Du amp Fenglu Han 28 July 2011 An Archaeopteryx like theropod from China and the origin of Avialae PDF Nature 475 7357 465 470 doi 10 1038 nature10288 PMID 21796204 S2CID 205225790 Archived from the original PDF on 20 December 2016 Retrieved 5 November 2016 Lee M S Y amp Worthy T H 2011 Likelihood reinstates Archaeopteryx as a primitive bird Biology Letters 8 2 299 303 doi 10 1098 rsbl 2011 0884 PMC 3297401 PMID 22031726 Louchart Antoine Pouech Joane May 2017 A tooth of Archaeopterygidae Aves from the Lower Cretaceous of France extends the spatial and temporal occurrence of the earliest birds Cretaceous Research 73 40 46 Bibcode 2017CrRes 73 40L doi 10 1016 j cretres 2017 01 004 Ronan Allain Romain Vullo Lee Rozada Jeremy Anquetin Renaud Bourgeais et al Vertebrate paleobiodiversity of the Early Cretaceous Berriasian Angeac Charente Lagerstatte southwestern France implications for continental faunal turnover at the J K boundary Geodiversitas Museum National d Histoire Naturelle Paris In press ffhal 03264773f Furbringer M 1888 Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Voegel Amsterdam van Halkema p 1751 a b Paul G S 1988 Predatory Dinosaurs of the World New York Simon and Schuster Hartman Scott Mortimer Mickey Wahl William R Lomax Dean R Lippincott Jessica Lovelace David M 2019 A new paravian dinosaur from the Late Jurassic of North America supports a late acquisition of avian flight PeerJ 7 e7247 doi 10 7717 peerj 7247 PMC 6626525 PMID 31333906 Catalogue of fossil birds Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Archaeopterygidae amp oldid 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