Arcadia (Greek: Αρκαδία) refers to a vision of pastoralism and harmony with nature. The term is derived from the Greek province of the same name which dates to antiquity; the province's mountainous topography and sparse population of pastoralists later caused the word Arcadia to develop into a poetic byword for an idyllic vision of unspoiled wilderness. Arcadia is a poetic term associated with bountiful natural splendor and harmony. The 'Garden' is often inhabited by shepherds. The concept also figures in Renaissancemythology. Although commonly thought of as being in line with Utopian ideals, Arcadia differs from that tradition in that it is more often specifically regarded as unattainable. Furthermore, it is seen as a lost, Edenic form of life, contrasting to the progressive nature of Utopian desires.
The inhabitants were often regarded as having continued to live after the manner of the Golden Age, without the pride and avarice that corrupted other regions.[1] It is also sometimes referred to in English poetry as Arcady. The inhabitants of this region bear an obvious connection to the figure of the noble savage, both being regarded as living close to nature, uncorrupted by civilization, and virtuous.
According to Greek mythology, Arcadia of Peloponnesus was the domain of Pan, a virgin wilderness home to the god of the forest and his court of dryads, nymphs and other spirits of nature. It was one version of paradise, though only in the sense of being the abode of supernatural entities, not an afterlife for deceased mortals.
An artist's vision of Arcadia
In the 3rd century BCE the Greek poet Theocritus wrote idealised views of the lives of peasants in Arcadia for his fellow educated inhabitants of the squalid and disease-ridden city of Alexandria.[2]
Greek mythology inspired the Roman poet Virgil to write his Eclogues, a series of poems set in Arcadia.
In the RenaissanceEdit
Arcadia has remained a popular artistic subject since antiquity, both in visual arts and literature.[citation needed] Images of beautiful nymphs frolicking in lush forests have been a frequent source of inspiration for painters and sculptors. Because of the influence of Virgil in medieval European literature, e. g. in Divine Comedy, Arcadia became a symbol of pastoral simplicity. European Renaissance writers (for instance, the Spanish poet Garcilaso de la Vega) often revisited the theme, and the name came to apply to any idyllic location or paradise.
Of particular note is Et in Arcadia Ego by Nicolas Poussin. In 1502 Jacopo Sannazaro published his long poem Arcadia that fixed the Early Modern perception of Arcadia as a lost world of idyllic bliss, remembered in regretful dirges.
In the 1580s Sir Philip Sidney circulated copies of his influential heroic romance poem The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, which established Arcadia as an icon of the Renaissance; although the story is plentifully supplied with shepherds and other pastoral characters, the primary characters are all royal visitors of the countryside. In 1598 the Spanish playwright and poet Lope de Vega published Arcadia: Prose and Verse, which was a bestseller at the time.
Though depicted as contemporary, this pastoral form is often connected with the Golden Age. It may be suggested that its inhabitants have merely continued to live as persons did in the Golden Age, and all other nations have less pleasant lives because they have allowed themselves to depart from original simplicity.
AcadiaEdit
The 16th-century Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano applied the name "Arcadia" to the entire North American Atlantic coast north of Virginia. In time, this mutated to Acadia. The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says: "Arcadia, the name Verrazzano gave to Maryland or Virginia 'on account of the beauty of the trees', made its first cartographical appearance in the 1548 Gastaldo map and is the only name on that map to survive in Canadian usage. . . . In the 17th century Champlain fixed its present orthography, with the 'r' omitted, and Ganong has shown its gradual progress northwards, in a succession of maps, to its resting place in the Atlantic Provinces".
Revival of Mi'kmaq language has provided strong reason to believe that Verrazzano was informed by the name the Mi'kmaq gave to this place. The name Acadie may be derived from the Mi'kmaq, because in their language the word "cadie" means "place of abundance" and can be found in names such as "Tracadie" and "Shubenacadie".[3]
In 1848, Judge Samuel Treat, of St. Louis described life of the early settlers in the Midwest with the sentence "Each family produced whatever was necessary for its own consumption, and lived in almost Arcadian simplicity."[4]
Around 1880, the German painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach produced an etching, named "Faust und Helena in Arkadien". Faust and Helena are shown in the Arcadian grove, at the place of cheerful poetry, where they produced a son, Euphorion. He represent the spirit of antiquity married to the Nordic-German spirit, as an allegory of German-Greek poetry.[5]
The American painter Thomas Eakins produced a series of Arcadian works in the 1880's: His painting "In Arcadia",[6] which was an "unusual venture into mythology, tackled using the most modern of methods: the camera"[7] and a relief with nearly 20 sculptures, paintings and phothographs connected with it. The atmosphere of the relief has been described as "vespertinal mixture of sadness and tranquility", a "sylvan realm far removed from the realities in 1883 Philadelphia".[8]New York magazine critic Mark Stevens wrote "His [Eakins] joy in the natural body rarely made its way into his major paintings, perhaps because the subject was so personally complex for him. Only in his great "Swimming", which shows naked young men at a swimming hole, did he create an American Arcadia."[9] Eakins' student Thomas Pollock Anshutz (1851-1912) had a long preoccupation painting "Arcadian subjects".[10]
^"JSTOR daily, Cottagecore debuted 2300 years ago". 11 November 2020. from the original on 2020-12-05. Retrieved 2020-11-14.
^"What is the meaning of the word "Acadie"? » Acadian Museum of Prince Edward Island". museeacadien.org. from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
^Allen, L. P. (Luther Prentice) (1901) [1848]. The genealogy and history of the Shreve family from 1641;. Greenfield, Ill., Priv. print. p. 627.
^Manuel Gogos (2014-01-15). "Das Feuer hinter den Bildern". Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (in German). from the original on 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^"Arcadia ca. 1883". www.metmuseum.org. from the original on 2022-08-14. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^hoakley (2016-09-26). "Thomas Eakins: the centenary of his death". The Eclectic Light Company. from the original on 2022-05-16. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^Simpson, Marc (1987). "Thomas Eakins and His Arcadian Works". Smithsonian Studies in American Art. 1 (2): 71–95. doi:10.1086/smitstudamerart.1.2.3108945. ISSN 0890-4901. JSTOR 3108945. S2CID 192634190.
^Louis Torres (August 2003). "Thomas Eakins: Painting Pure Thought". www.aristos.org. from the original on 2021-12-02. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
^"Arcadian Painter Anshutz Sentimentalized Workers". Observer. 2001-04-30. from the original on 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
Green, Stanley (22 March 1980). "The Arcadians". Guide to Musical Theatre. New York: Da Capo Press. ISBN0306801132.
External linksEdit
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Net in Arcadia Virtual Museum of Contemporary Classicism
October 15, 2023
arcadia, utopia, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, this, article, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, arcadia, utopia, news, newspapers, b. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this article Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Arcadia utopia news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Arcadia Greek Arkadia refers to a vision of pastoralism and harmony with nature The term is derived from the Greek province of the same name which dates to antiquity the province s mountainous topography and sparse population of pastoralists later caused the word Arcadia to develop into a poetic byword for an idyllic vision of unspoiled wilderness Arcadia is a poetic term associated with bountiful natural splendor and harmony The Garden is often inhabited by shepherds The concept also figures in Renaissance mythology Although commonly thought of as being in line with Utopian ideals Arcadia differs from that tradition in that it is more often specifically regarded as unattainable Furthermore it is seen as a lost Edenic form of life contrasting to the progressive nature of Utopian desires Thomas Cole s The Arcadian or Pastoral State 1834The inhabitants were often regarded as having continued to live after the manner of the Golden Age without the pride and avarice that corrupted other regions 1 It is also sometimes referred to in English poetry as Arcady The inhabitants of this region bear an obvious connection to the figure of the noble savage both being regarded as living close to nature uncorrupted by civilization and virtuous Contents 1 In antiquity 2 In the Renaissance 2 1 Acadia 3 In 19th century art 4 In popular culture 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References 8 External linksIn antiquity EditAccording to Greek mythology Arcadia of Peloponnesus was the domain of Pan a virgin wilderness home to the god of the forest and his court of dryads nymphs and other spirits of nature It was one version of paradise though only in the sense of being the abode of supernatural entities not an afterlife for deceased mortals nbsp An artist s vision of ArcadiaIn the 3rd century BCE the Greek poet Theocritus wrote idealised views of the lives of peasants in Arcadia for his fellow educated inhabitants of the squalid and disease ridden city of Alexandria 2 Greek mythology inspired the Roman poet Virgil to write his Eclogues a series of poems set in Arcadia In the Renaissance EditArcadia has remained a popular artistic subject since antiquity both in visual arts and literature citation needed Images of beautiful nymphs frolicking in lush forests have been a frequent source of inspiration for painters and sculptors Because of the influence of Virgil in medieval European literature e g in Divine Comedy Arcadia became a symbol of pastoral simplicity European Renaissance writers for instance the Spanish poet Garcilaso de la Vega often revisited the theme and the name came to apply to any idyllic location or paradise Of particular note is Et in Arcadia Ego by Nicolas Poussin In 1502 Jacopo Sannazaro published his long poem Arcadia that fixed the Early Modern perception of Arcadia as a lost world of idyllic bliss remembered in regretful dirges In the 1580s Sir Philip Sidney circulated copies of his influential heroic romance poem The Countess of Pembroke s Arcadia which established Arcadia as an icon of the Renaissance although the story is plentifully supplied with shepherds and other pastoral characters the primary characters are all royal visitors of the countryside In 1598 the Spanish playwright and poet Lope de Vega published Arcadia Prose and Verse which was a bestseller at the time nbsp Friedrich August von Kaulbach s In ArcadiaThough depicted as contemporary this pastoral form is often connected with the Golden Age It may be suggested that its inhabitants have merely continued to live as persons did in the Golden Age and all other nations have less pleasant lives because they have allowed themselves to depart from original simplicity Acadia Edit The 16th century Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano applied the name Arcadia to the entire North American Atlantic coast north of Virginia In time this mutated to Acadia The Dictionary of Canadian Biography says Arcadia the name Verrazzano gave to Maryland or Virginia on account of the beauty of the trees made its first cartographical appearance in the 1548 Gastaldo map and is the only name on that map to survive in Canadian usage In the 17th century Champlain fixed its present orthography with the r omitted and Ganong has shown its gradual progress northwards in a succession of maps to its resting place in the Atlantic Provinces Revival of Mi kmaq language has provided strong reason to believe that Verrazzano was informed by the name the Mi kmaq gave to this place The name Acadie may be derived from the Mi kmaq because in their language the word cadie means place of abundance and can be found in names such as Tracadie and Shubenacadie 3 In 19th century art Edit nbsp Thomas Eakins ArcadiaIn 1848 Judge Samuel Treat of St Louis described life of the early settlers in the Midwest with the sentence Each family produced whatever was necessary for its own consumption and lived in almost Arcadian simplicity 4 Composer W S Gilbert used the concept of Arcadia in his musicals Happy Arcadia 1872 and Iolanthe 1882 Around 1880 the German painter Wilhelm von Kaulbach produced an etching named Faust und Helena in Arkadien Faust and Helena are shown in the Arcadian grove at the place of cheerful poetry where they produced a son Euphorion He represent the spirit of antiquity married to the Nordic German spirit as an allegory of German Greek poetry 5 The American painter Thomas Eakins produced a series of Arcadian works in the 1880 s His painting In Arcadia 6 which was an unusual venture into mythology tackled using the most modern of methods the camera 7 and a relief with nearly 20 sculptures paintings and phothographs connected with it The atmosphere of the relief has been described as vespertinal mixture of sadness and tranquility a sylvan realm far removed from the realities in 1883 Philadelphia 8 New York magazine critic Mark Stevens wrote His Eakins joy in the natural body rarely made its way into his major paintings perhaps because the subject was so personally complex for him Only in his great Swimming which shows naked young men at a swimming hole did he create an American Arcadia 9 Eakins student Thomas Pollock Anshutz 1851 1912 had a long preoccupation painting Arcadian subjects 10 In popular culture EditOne of the most popular Edwardian musical comedies is The Arcadians 1909 11 See also EditAcadia Arcadia region of Greece Et in Arcadia ego Guercino painting by Italian artist Giovanni Francesco Barbieri Garden of Eden Locus amoenus Millennialism Neverland Olam Haba OtherworldNotes Edit Bridget Ann Henish The Medieval Calendar Year p96 ISBN 0 271 01904 2 JSTOR daily Cottagecore debuted 2300 years ago 11 November 2020 Archived from the original on 2020 12 05 Retrieved 2020 11 14 What is the meaning of the word Acadie Acadian Museum of Prince Edward Island museeacadien org Archived from the original on 25 March 2018 Retrieved 23 March 2018 Allen L P Luther Prentice 1901 1848 The genealogy and history of the Shreve family from 1641 Greenfield Ill Priv print p 627 Manuel Gogos 2014 01 15 Das Feuer hinter den Bildern Bundeszentrale fur politische Bildung in German Archived from the original on 2022 06 29 Retrieved 2022 08 02 Arcadia ca 1883 www metmuseum org Archived from the original on 2022 08 14 Retrieved 2022 08 02 hoakley 2016 09 26 Thomas Eakins the centenary of his death The Eclectic Light Company Archived from the original on 2022 05 16 Retrieved 2022 08 02 Simpson Marc 1987 Thomas Eakins and His Arcadian Works Smithsonian Studies in American Art 1 2 71 95 doi 10 1086 smitstudamerart 1 2 3108945 ISSN 0890 4901 JSTOR 3108945 S2CID 192634190 Louis Torres August 2003 Thomas Eakins Painting Pure Thought www aristos org Archived from the original on 2021 12 02 Retrieved 2022 08 02 Arcadian Painter Anshutz Sentimentalized Workers Observer 2001 04 30 Archived from the original on 2022 05 26 Retrieved 2022 08 02 Green p 14References EditGreen Stanley 22 March 1980 The Arcadians Guide to Musical Theatre New York Da Capo Press ISBN 0306801132 External links Edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to Arcadia Net in Arcadia Virtual Museum of Contemporary Classicism Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Arcadia utopia amp oldid 1173136559, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
