"Araz" redirects here. For the municipality in Azerbaijan, see Araz, Azerbaijan.
The Aras (also known as the Araks, Arax, Araxes, or Araz) is a river in the Caucasus. It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia, between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia, and, finally, through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river. It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus. The river's total length is 1,072 kilometres (666 mi) and its watershed covers an area of 102,000 square kilometres (39,000 sq mi). The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus.
In classical antiquity, the river was known to the Greeks as Araxes (Greek: Ἀράξης). Its modern Armenian name is Arax or Araks (Armenian: Արաքս). Historically it was also known as Yeraskh (Old Armenian: Երասխ) and its Old Georgian name is Rakhsi (რახსი). In Azerbaijani, the river's name is Araz. In Persian and Kurdish its name is ارس (Aras), and in Turkish it is Aras.
The word "Aras" in a map by James Wyld from 1855
another map from 1856 that recognized this river with the word "Aras"
Geography
The Aras rises near Erzurum in Turkey and meets with the Akhuryan River southeast of Digor. From Digor it flows along the Armenia–Turkey border and then runs close to the corridor that connects Turkey to Azerbaijan's Nakhchivan exclave. It then continues along the Iranian-Armenian and the Iranian-Azerbaijan border.[1]
Tributaries
The following rivers are tributaries of the Aras, from source to mouth:[2][3][4]
Aras River in the Persian Empire in a map from 1747
In Armenian tradition, the river is named after Arast, a great-grandson of the legendary Armenian patriarch Haik.[5] The name was later Hellenized to Araxes and was applied to the Kura-Araxes culture, a prehistoric people who flourished in the valleys of the Kura and Aras. The river is also mentioned in the last chapter of Virgil's Aeneid VIII, as "angry at the bridge," since the Romans built a bridge over it, so that it is thereby conquered. The river Aras has been associated with the biblical rivers Gihon and Pishon.[6]Robert H. Hewsen described Aras as the only "true river" of Armenia and as "Mother Araxes," a symbol of pride to the Armenian people.[7]
According to a legend cited by Strabo, in ancient times, the Araxes river in Armenia had no outflow to the Caspian Sea, but spread out in plains and created a lake without outflow.[8]
In Islamic times, the Araxes became known in Arabic parlance as al-Rass (not to be confused with modern-day Ar Rass) and in Perso-Turkish contexts as Aras.[1]
In modern history, the Aras gained significance as a geographic political boundary. Under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan and the Treaty of Turkmenchay, the river was chosen as the border limit between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran, as the latter was forced to cede its Caucasian territories to Russia.[9] Because of these 19th-century border changes, one modern, not widely accepted scheme draws Aras River as the line of continental demarcation between Europe and Asia.[10]
In 2006, a bird research and education center was established by KuzeyDoğa, a Turkish non-governmental organization for nature conservation, in the Aras Valley at the village Yukarı Çıyrıklı, in the Tuzluca district of Iğdır Province, Turkey. It is one of Turkey's two bird-ringing stations that remain active yearly.[12] Between 2006 and 2021, more than 145,000 birds of 201 species were ringed, and 306 bird species were observed at this station. Sixty-three percent of the 489 bird species found in Turkey are recorded at this wetland, making it eastern Turkey's most species-rich wetland for birds. The number of ringed and observed 306 bird species comprises 90 percent of the 340 bird species in Iğdır Province, the most bird species rich landlocked province of Turkey. Seven new bird species were observed during the bird ringing activities in 2012 alone, including the raptorShikra, or Little Banded Goshawk (Accipiter badius), which was new to Turkey's avifauna.[13][14]
A Biology professor at the University of Utah and a president of the KuzeyDoğa Society, Çağan Şekercioğlu, appealed to the Ministry of Forest and Water Management to drop the Tuzluca Dam project, which would destroy the wetland harboring bird wildlife in the Aras Valley.[13][15] In 2013, the ministry granted the site the highest level of conservation status (Nature Conservation Area).
^ ab"Araxes River". Encyclopædia Iranica. from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
^Environmental Performance Reviews - Armenia(PDF). New York and Geneva: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 2000. ISBN92-1-116775-2. (PDF) from the original on 2014-02-27. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
^Reducing Trans-boundary Degradation of the Kura-Aras River Basin, UN-Water
^Bauer-Manndorff, Elisabeth (1981). Armenia: Past and Present. Armenian Prelacy. p. 49. ASIN B0006EXQ9C.
^"Calumet, A. D. 1672–1757, Rosebmuller, 1768–1835, Kell, 1807–1888, and some other scholars believed the source river [for Eden] was a region of springs. The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams. The former may have been the Phasis or Araxes, and the latter the Oxus." Duncan, George S. (October 1929) "The Birthplace of Man" The Scientific Monthly 29(4): pp. 359-362, p. 360
^"Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 14". www.perseus.tufts.edu. from the original on 2019-07-30. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
^Dowling, Timothy C. (2 December 2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond ...ISBN9781598849486. from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
^"Caucasus". from the original on 2020-05-04. Retrieved 2019-09-10.
^. Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co. 17 November 2012. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
^Ocak, Serkan (28 July 2013). "Aras Kuş Cenneti müjdesi". Radikal (in Turkish). from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^ ab"Aras Kuş Cenneti korunmalı". NTV MSNBC (in Turkish). 13 February 2013. from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^"Afrikalı atmaca Türkiye'de halkalandı". NTV MSNBC (in Turkish). 13 February 2013. from the original on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
^. Akdeniz Gazete (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014. |
February 15, 2023
aras, river, araks, redirects, here, other, uses, araks, disambiguation, araz, redirects, here, municipality, azerbaijan, araz, azerbaijan, aras, also, known, araks, arax, araxes, araz, river, caucasus, rises, eastern, turkey, flows, along, borders, between, t. Araks redirects here For other uses see Araks disambiguation Araz redirects here For the municipality in Azerbaijan see Araz Azerbaijan The Aras also known as the Araks Arax Araxes or Araz is a river in the Caucasus It rises in eastern Turkey and flows along the borders between Turkey and Armenia between Turkey and the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan between Iran and both Azerbaijan and Armenia and finally through Azerbaijan where it flows into the Kura river It drains the south side of the Lesser Caucasus Mountains while the Kura drains the north side of the Lesser Caucasus The river s total length is 1 072 kilometres 666 mi and its watershed covers an area of 102 000 square kilometres 39 000 sq mi The Aras is one of the longest rivers in the Caucasus ArasArmenian Արաքս Azerbaijani Araz Persian ارس Turkish ArasThe Aras with Nakhchivan Azerbaijan to the right and Iran to the leftAras River highlighted on a map of the Kura River watershedLocationCountriesTurkeyArmeniaIranAzerbaijanPhysical characteristicsSource locationErzurum TurkeyMouthKura locationSabirabad Azerbaijan coordinates40 01 06 N 48 27 13 E 40 0184 N 48 4535 E 40 0184 48 4535 Coordinates 40 01 06 N 48 27 13 E 40 0184 N 48 4535 E 40 0184 48 4535Length1 072 km 666 mi Basin size102 000 km2 39 000 sq mi Discharge average285 m3 s 10 100 cu ft s Basin featuresProgressionKura Caspian Sea Contents 1 Names 2 Geography 2 1 Tributaries 3 Etymology and history 4 Aras Valley 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 FootnotesNames EditIn classical antiquity the river was known to the Greeks as Araxes Greek Ἀra3hs Its modern Armenian name is Arax or Araks Armenian Արաքս Historically it was also known as Yeraskh Old Armenian Երասխ and its Old Georgian name is Rakhsi რახსი In Azerbaijani the river s name is Araz In Persian and Kurdish its name is ارس Aras and in Turkish it is Aras The word Aras in a map by James Wyld from 1855 another map from 1856 that recognized this river with the word Aras Geography EditThe Aras rises near Erzurum in Turkey and meets with the Akhuryan River southeast of Digor From Digor it flows along the Armenia Turkey border and then runs close to the corridor that connects Turkey to Azerbaijan s Nakhchivan exclave It then continues along the Iranian Armenian and the Iranian Azerbaijan border 1 Tributaries Edit The following rivers are tributaries of the Aras from source to mouth 2 3 4 Akhuryan left Metsamor left Hrazdan left Azat left Vedi left Arpa left Zangmar right Naxcivancay left Qatur right Hajilarchay right Meghri left Besitcay left Voghji left Kaleybarchay right Hakari left Qarasu Dareh Rud right Kondelencay left Etymology and history Edit Aras River in the Persian Empire in a map from 1747 In Armenian tradition the river is named after Arast a great grandson of the legendary Armenian patriarch Haik 5 The name was later Hellenized to Araxes and was applied to the Kura Araxes culture a prehistoric people who flourished in the valleys of the Kura and Aras The river is also mentioned in the last chapter of Virgil s Aeneid VIII as angry at the bridge since the Romans built a bridge over it so that it is thereby conquered The river Aras has been associated with the biblical rivers Gihon and Pishon 6 Robert H Hewsen described Aras as the only true river of Armenia and as Mother Araxes a symbol of pride to the Armenian people 7 According to a legend cited by Strabo in ancient times the Araxes river in Armenia had no outflow to the Caspian Sea but spread out in plains and created a lake without outflow 8 In Islamic times the Araxes became known in Arabic parlance as al Rass not to be confused with modern day Ar Rass and in Perso Turkish contexts as Aras 1 In modern history the Aras gained significance as a geographic political boundary Under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan and the Treaty of Turkmenchay the river was chosen as the border limit between the Russian Empire and Qajar Iran as the latter was forced to cede its Caucasian territories to Russia 9 Because of these 19th century border changes one modern not widely accepted scheme draws Aras River as the line of continental demarcation between Europe and Asia 10 Iran and the Soviet Union have built the Aras Dam on the Aras in the Poldasht area in the 20th century creating the Aras Reservoir The Meghri Dam is under construction near the Armenian town of Meghri 11 Aras Valley EditIn 2006 a bird research and education center was established by KuzeyDoga a Turkish non governmental organization for nature conservation in the Aras Valley at the village Yukari Ciyrikli in the Tuzluca district of Igdir Province Turkey It is one of Turkey s two bird ringing stations that remain active yearly 12 Between 2006 and 2021 more than 145 000 birds of 201 species were ringed and 306 bird species were observed at this station Sixty three percent of the 489 bird species found in Turkey are recorded at this wetland making it eastern Turkey s most species rich wetland for birds The number of ringed and observed 306 bird species comprises 90 percent of the 340 bird species in Igdir Province the most bird species rich landlocked province of Turkey Seven new bird species were observed during the bird ringing activities in 2012 alone including the raptor Shikra or Little Banded Goshawk Accipiter badius which was new to Turkey s avifauna 13 14 A Biology professor at the University of Utah and a president of the KuzeyDoga Society Cagan Sekercioglu appealed to the Ministry of Forest and Water Management to drop the Tuzluca Dam project which would destroy the wetland harboring bird wildlife in the Aras Valley 13 15 In 2013 the ministry granted the site the highest level of conservation status Nature Conservation Area Gallery Edit The Aras taken in the Poldasht District The Aras taken from Igdir Photograph of the Aras from space The Araz near Joulfa Aras River with Iran to the left and Karabakh Plains Azerbaijan to the right Aras river at Nurduz the border post between Iran and ArmeniaSee also Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aras River Armenia Iran border Azerbaijan Iran border Geography of Armenia Geography of Azerbaijan Geography of Iran Geography of Turkey Nature of Azerbaijan List of rivers of Armenia List of lakes of Armenia Rivers and lakes in Azerbaijan The Maiden Tower water reservoirFootnotes Edit a b Araxes River Encyclopaedia Iranica Archived from the original on 17 May 2018 Retrieved 3 May 2018 Environmental Performance Reviews Armenia PDF New York and Geneva United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 2000 ISBN 92 1 116775 2 Archived PDF from the original on 2014 02 27 Retrieved 2014 07 13 Araks Great Soviet Encyclopedia Reducing Trans boundary Degradation of the Kura Aras River Basin UN Water Bauer Manndorff Elisabeth 1981 Armenia Past and Present Armenian Prelacy p 49 ASIN B0006EXQ9C Calumet A D 1672 1757 Rosebmuller 1768 1835 Kell 1807 1888 and some other scholars believed the source river for Eden was a region of springs The Pishon and Gihon were mountain streams The former may have been the Phasis or Araxes and the latter the Oxus Duncan George S October 1929 The Birthplace of Man The Scientific Monthly 29 4 pp 359 362 p 360 Hewsen Robert 1997 Hovannisian Richard G ed The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I The Dynastic Periods From Antiquity to the Fourteenth Century New York St Martin s Press p 7 ISBN 0 312 10169 4 Strabo Geography Book 11 chapter 14 www perseus tufts edu Archived from the original on 2019 07 30 Retrieved 2018 01 15 Dowling Timothy C 2 December 2014 Russia at War From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan Chechnya and Beyond ISBN 9781598849486 Archived from the original on 4 February 2021 Retrieved 23 April 2015 Caucasus Archived from the original on 2020 05 04 Retrieved 2019 09 10 News Meghry Power Plant Kicks off Iran Water amp Power Resources Development Co 17 November 2012 Archived from the original on 13 March 2016 Ocak Serkan 28 July 2013 Aras Kus Cenneti mujdesi Radikal in Turkish Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 13 July 2014 a b Aras Kus Cenneti korunmali NTV MSNBC in Turkish 13 February 2013 Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 13 July 2014 Afrikali atmaca Turkiye de halkalandi NTV MSNBC in Turkish 13 February 2013 Archived from the original on 15 July 2014 Retrieved 13 July 2014 Aras Nehri ndeki Kuslara ABD den El Uzatti Akdeniz Gazete in Turkish Archived from the original on 14 July 2014 Retrieved 13 July 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Aras river amp oldid 1135269962, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
