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Araguaia River

April 11, 2024

The Araguaia River (Portuguese: Rio Araguaia [ˈʁi.u aɾaˈɡwajjɐ], Karajá: ♂ Berohokỹ [beɾohoˈkə̃], ♀ Bèrakuhukỹ [bɛɾakuhuˈkə̃])[1] is one of the major rivers of Brazil, and a tributary of the Tocantins River.

Araguaia River
♂ Berohokỹ [beɾohoˈkə̃],
♀ Bèrakuhukỹ [bɛɾakuhuˈkə̃] (Karajá)[1]
A tree in the Araguaia National Park in flood season
Map of the Araguaia/Tocantins Watershed
Native nameRio Araguaia (Portuguese)
Location
CountryBrazil
StateGoiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Pará
CitiesAragarças, Barra do Garças
Physical characteristics
SourceAraguaia River
 • locationMineiros, Goiás
 • coordinates18°02′02″S 53°03′47″W / 18.034°S 53.063°W / -18.034; -53.063
 • elevation858 m (2,815 ft)
MouthTocantins River
 • location
São João do Araguaia, Pará
 • coordinates
5°22′34″S 48°43′08″W / 5.37611°S 48.71889°W / -5.37611; -48.71889
 • elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Length2,627 km (1,632 mi)
Basin size377,000 km2 (146,000 sq mi)[2] 358,125 km2 (138,273 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • locationConceição do Araguaia, Brazil (Basin size: 358,125 km2 (138,273 sq mi))
 • average6,172 m3/s (218,000 cu ft/s) 6,216 m3/s (219,500 cu ft/s)
Discharge 
 • locationConfluence of Tocantins
 • average6,420 m3/s (227,000 cu ft/s)[2] 6,500 m3/s (230,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
River systemTocantins basin

Geography edit

The Araguaia River comes from Goiás-Mato Grosso south borders. From there it flows northeast to a junction with the Tocantins near the town of São João.[3]

Along its course, the river forms the border between the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Pará. Roughly in the middle of its course the Araguaia splits into two forks (with the western one retaining the name Araguaia and the eastern one being called the Javaés River). These later reunite, forming the Ilha do Bananal, the world's largest river island.[3] The vein of the Javaés forms a broad inland where it pours back into the main Araguaia, a 100,000 hectare expanse of igapós or flooded forest, blackwater river channels, and oxbow lakes called Cantão, protected by the Cantão State Park. It is one of the biologically richest areas of the eastern Amazon, with over 700 species of birds, nearly 300 species of fish, large populations of species such as the giant otter, the black caiman, the pirarucú, one of the world's largest freshwater fish, and the Araguaian river dolphin (or Araguaian boto), all occurring within a large area.

A large portion of the Araguaia's course is navigable all year, but the river below the Cantão wetlands is interrupted by rapids.

The middle and lower basin of the river is in the Xingu–Tocantins–Araguaia moist forests ecoregion.[4] The combined watershed of Araguaia and Tocantins rivers (named the Araguaia Tocantins Basin) covers approximately 9.5% of Brazil's national territory. This area is an integral part of the Amazon biome; however, the Araguaia River is not a tributary of the Amazon.

"Araguaia" means "River of the macaws" in the native Tupi language.

Tributaries edit

 
The Araguaia River

Its principal tributary is the Rio das Mortes, which rises in the Serra de São Jerônimo, near Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, and is navigable to Pará. Other important tributaries include the Bonito, Garcas, Tapirape and the Formoso or Cristalino on the west, and the Pitombas, Claro, Vermelho, Tucupa and Chavante on the east.[5]

History edit

It was explored in part by Henri Coudreau in 1897.[6] From 1972 to 1974 this region was the scene of a conflict between left-wing guerrilla movements and forces supporting the then military dictatorship.

Towns edit

Among the most important settlements on the banks of the Araguaia River are (in a downstream order):

Tourism edit

Several parts of the river's course are protected by national parks and other reserves like the Emas National Park and the Araguaia National Park. The Araguaia has "beaches" - bright sandy banks that seam the stream from May to October.

Deforestation and Impacts on the Araguaia edit

Deforestation and expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture in the Araguaia basin has been extreme during the last four decades.[7][non-primary source needed] As a consequence, strong linear erosion has produced thousand of gullies just in the upper Araguaia basin, and the river mainstem suffered strong sedimentation and fluvial metamorphism (changes in its channel pattern).[8][non-primary source needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Lima, Nei Clara de; Leitão, Rosani Moreira (2019). Iny tkylysinamy rybèna. Arte Iny Karajá: patrimônio cultural do Brasil (PDF). Goiânia: IPHAN-GO. ISBN 978-85-7334-343-4.
  2. ^ a b Aquino, Samia; Latrubesse, Edgardo; Bayer, Maximiliano (2009). "Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River (Aruanã Gauge Station), central Brazil". Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis. 16 (2): 119–128.
  3. ^ a b "Araguaia River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2015. Retrieved 2015-02-13.
  4. ^ Sears, Robin, Eastern Amazonian - Brazil (NT0180), WWF: World Wildlife Fund, retrieved 2017-03-22
  5. ^   One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Araguaya". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 315.
  6. ^ Coudreau's Voyage au Tocantins-Araguaya (Paris, 1897)
  7. ^ Ferreira, Manuel E.; Ferreira, Laerte G.; Latrubesse, Edgardo M.; Miziara, Fausto (2013-10-10). "Considerations about the land use and conversion trends in the savanna environments of Central Brazil under a geomorphological perspective". Journal of Land Use Science. 11 (1). Informa UK Limited: 33–47. doi:10.1080/1747423x.2013.845613. ISSN 1747-423X. S2CID 128533975.
  8. ^ Latrubesse, Edgardo (2009). "The Geomorphologic response of a large pristine alluvial river to tremendous deforestation in the South American Tropics: The case of the Araguaia River". Geomorphology. 113 (3–4): 239–252. Bibcode:2009Geomo.113..239L. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.03.014. hdl:11336/102246.

External links edit

  • Hotel, turismo, pescaria, passeios ecológicos Araguaia,Luiz Alves, Bananal, Cristalino
  • Tocantins state, with Rivers v-Brazil.com
  • Pará state, with Rivers v-Brazil.com
  • Brazilian Ministry of Transport

April 11, 2024
araguaia, river, portuguese, araguaia, ˈʁi, aɾaˈɡwajjɐ, karajá, berohokỹ, beɾohoˈkə, bèrakuhukỹ, bɛɾakuhuˈkə, major, rivers, brazil, tributary, tocantins, river, berohokỹ, beɾohoˈkə, bèrakuhukỹ, bɛɾakuhuˈkə, karajá, tree, araguaia, national, park, flood, seaso. The Araguaia River Portuguese Rio Araguaia ˈʁi u aɾaˈɡwajjɐ Karaja Berohokỹ beɾohoˈke Berakuhukỹ bɛɾakuhuˈke 1 is one of the major rivers of Brazil and a tributary of the Tocantins River Araguaia River Berohokỹ beɾohoˈke Berakuhukỹ bɛɾakuhuˈke Karaja 1 A tree in the Araguaia National Park in flood seasonMap of the Araguaia Tocantins WatershedNative nameRio Araguaia Portuguese LocationCountryBrazilStateGoias Mato Grosso Tocantins ParaCitiesAragarcas Barra do GarcasPhysical characteristicsSourceAraguaia River locationMineiros Goias coordinates18 02 02 S 53 03 47 W 18 034 S 53 063 W 18 034 53 063 elevation858 m 2 815 ft MouthTocantins River locationSao Joao do Araguaia Para coordinates5 22 34 S 48 43 08 W 5 37611 S 48 71889 W 5 37611 48 71889 elevation90 m 300 ft Length2 627 km 1 632 mi Basin size377 000 km2 146 000 sq mi 2 358 125 km2 138 273 sq mi Discharge locationConceicao do Araguaia Brazil Basin size 358 125 km2 138 273 sq mi average6 172 m3 s 218 000 cu ft s 6 216 m3 s 219 500 cu ft s Discharge locationConfluence of Tocantins average6 420 m3 s 227 000 cu ft s 2 6 500 m3 s 230 000 cu ft s Basin featuresRiver systemTocantins basin Contents 1 Geography 1 1 Tributaries 2 History 3 Towns 4 Tourism 5 Deforestation and Impacts on the Araguaia 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksGeography editThe Araguaia River comes from Goias Mato Grosso south borders From there it flows northeast to a junction with the Tocantins near the town of Sao Joao 3 Along its course the river forms the border between the states of Goias Mato Grosso Tocantins and Para Roughly in the middle of its course the Araguaia splits into two forks with the western one retaining the name Araguaia and the eastern one being called the Javaes River These later reunite forming the Ilha do Bananal the world s largest river island 3 The vein of the Javaes forms a broad inland where it pours back into the main Araguaia a 100 000 hectare expanse of igapos or flooded forest blackwater river channels and oxbow lakes called Cantao protected by the Cantao State Park It is one of the biologically richest areas of the eastern Amazon with over 700 species of birds nearly 300 species of fish large populations of species such as the giant otter the black caiman the pirarucu one of the world s largest freshwater fish and the Araguaian river dolphin or Araguaian boto all occurring within a large area A large portion of the Araguaia s course is navigable all year but the river below the Cantao wetlands is interrupted by rapids The middle and lower basin of the river is in the Xingu Tocantins Araguaia moist forests ecoregion 4 The combined watershed of Araguaia and Tocantins rivers named the Araguaia Tocantins Basin covers approximately 9 5 of Brazil s national territory This area is an integral part of the Amazon biome however the Araguaia River is not a tributary of the Amazon Araguaia means River of the macaws in the native Tupi language Tributaries edit nbsp The Araguaia RiverIts principal tributary is the Rio das Mortes which rises in the Serra de Sao Jeronimo near Cuiaba Mato Grosso and is navigable to Para Other important tributaries include the Bonito Garcas Tapirape and the Formoso or Cristalino on the west and the Pitombas Claro Vermelho Tucupa and Chavante on the east 5 History editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2011 It was explored in part by Henri Coudreau in 1897 6 From 1972 to 1974 this region was the scene of a conflict between left wing guerrilla movements and forces supporting the then military dictatorship Towns editAmong the most important settlements on the banks of the Araguaia River are in a downstream order Barra do Garcas Aragarcas Aruana Luiz Alves Sao Felix do Araguaia Santa Terezinha Araguacema Conceicao do Araguaia Xambioa Sao Geraldo do Araguaia Sao Joao do AraguaiaTourism editThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it November 2011 Several parts of the river s course are protected by national parks and other reserves like the Emas National Park and the Araguaia National Park The Araguaia has beaches bright sandy banks that seam the stream from May to October Deforestation and Impacts on the Araguaia editDeforestation and expansion of cattle ranching and agriculture in the Araguaia basin has been extreme during the last four decades 7 non primary source needed As a consequence strong linear erosion has produced thousand of gullies just in the upper Araguaia basin and the river mainstem suffered strong sedimentation and fluvial metamorphism changes in its channel pattern 8 non primary source needed See also editList of rivers of Goias South Amazon Ecotones Ecological Corridor DeforestationReferences edit a b Lima Nei Clara de Leitao Rosani Moreira 2019 Iny tkylysinamy rybena Arte Iny Karaja patrimonio cultural do Brasil PDF Goiania IPHAN GO ISBN 978 85 7334 343 4 a b Aquino Samia Latrubesse Edgardo Bayer Maximiliano 2009 Assessment of wash load transport in the Araguaia River Aruana Gauge Station central Brazil Latin American Journal of Sedimentology and Basin Analysis 16 2 119 128 a b Araguaia River Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc 2015 Retrieved 2015 02 13 Sears Robin Eastern Amazonian Brazil NT0180 WWF World Wildlife Fund retrieved 2017 03 22 nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Araguaya Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 2 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 315 Coudreau s Voyage au Tocantins Araguaya Paris 1897 Ferreira Manuel E Ferreira Laerte G Latrubesse Edgardo M Miziara Fausto 2013 10 10 Considerations about the land use and conversion trends in the savanna environments of Central Brazil under a geomorphological perspective Journal of Land Use Science 11 1 Informa UK Limited 33 47 doi 10 1080 1747423x 2013 845613 ISSN 1747 423X S2CID 128533975 Latrubesse Edgardo 2009 The Geomorphologic response of a large pristine alluvial river to tremendous deforestation in the South American Tropics The case of the Araguaia River Geomorphology 113 3 4 239 252 Bibcode 2009Geomo 113 239L doi 10 1016 j geomorph 2009 03 014 hdl 11336 102246 External links editRio Araguaia information for tourists in Portuguese Spanish and English Hotel turismo pescaria passeios ecologicos Araguaia Luiz Alves Bananal Cristalino hydrographic information in Portuguese Basin map in Portuguese Tocantins state with Rivers v Brazil com Para state with Rivers v Brazil com Instituto Araguaia Brazilian Ministry of Transport Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Araguaia River amp oldid 1216984204, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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