Applecrabs are various hybrids between crabapples and apples. They are bred for varying reasons, including disease resistance and use in cold climates because they are often hardier than apple trees and their fruit has the good eating qualities of apples.
Applecrabs are sometimes distinguished from apples if the fruit diameter is less than 5 cm (2 in).[1]
Director of the CanadianCentral Experimental FarmWilliam Saunders (1836–1914) produced a number of such hybrids as part of an effort to develop good-quality eating apples for the Canadian prairies by crossing the domesticated apple cultivars with selected winter-hardy crabapple species.[1]
Another type of applecrab breeding program stems from Malus niedzwetskyana, a red-fleshed crabapple, a few of which can still be found in Siberia and the Caucasus. It has been used by modern breeders to breed some red-leaved, red-flowered, and red-fruited domesticated apples and crabapples. One example is 'Surprise', a pink-fleshed apple that was brought to the United States by German immigrants around 1840 and was later used by horticulturist Albert Etter to breed some 30 pink- and red-fleshed varieties, the best-known of which is 'Pink Pearl'.[6]
Another horticulturist, Niels Ebbesen Hansen, encountered M. niedzwetskyana in the Ili valley in what is now Kazakhstan during his 1897 expedition to Russia, and began two breeding programs based on this unusual fruit, one aimed at developing a cold-hardy cooking and eating apple and the other aimed at developing ornamental crabapples. His efforts resulted in the 'Almata' apple and the 'Hopa' crabapple, among other varieties. Some of these apples, as well as M. niedzwetskyana itself, are being used for small-scale commercial production of rosé apple ciders.[7]
^ abcdRoger Vick (1991). Edible Apples to 1990: as grown in the Canadian Prairie Provinces(PDF). University of Alberta Devonian Botanic Garden.
^Wesley Autio and James Krupa (2002). "Performance of the V Series Apple Rootstocks During Six Growing Seasons". Fruit Notes. 67 (Summer).
^W. D. Evans and R. J. Hilton (1957). "Methods Of Evaluating Stock/Scion Compatibility In Apple Trees". Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 37 (4): 327–336. doi:10.4141/cjps57-038.
^R. E. Harris (1974). "Apple-crab "Trailman". Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 54: 105. doi:10.4141/cjps74-017.
^. Archived from the original on 2014-12-19. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
^"The Ettersburg Apple Legacies", Greenmantle Nursery website
applecrab, various, hybrids, between, crabapples, apples, they, bred, varying, reasons, including, disease, resistance, cold, climates, because, they, often, hardier, than, apple, trees, their, fruit, good, eating, qualities, apples, sometimes, distinguished, . Applecrabs are various hybrids between crabapples and apples They are bred for varying reasons including disease resistance and use in cold climates because they are often hardier than apple trees and their fruit has the good eating qualities of apples Applecrabs are sometimes distinguished from apples if the fruit diameter is less than 5 cm 2 in 1 Contents 1 Cold hardy applecrabs 2 Scab resistant apples 3 Red fleshed applecrabs 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksCold hardy applecrabs editDirector of the Canadian Central Experimental Farm William Saunders 1836 1914 produced a number of such hybrids as part of an effort to develop good quality eating apples for the Canadian prairies by crossing the domesticated apple cultivars with selected winter hardy crabapple species 1 Cultivars include Malus Columbia is from one of Saunders early experiments crossing M baccata from Siberia with relatively hardy apples 1 Malus Kerr is from crossing Dolgo crabapple and Haralson apple 2 Malus Osman is from one of Saunders early experiments crossing M baccata with relatively hardy apples 1 Malus Rescue 3 Malus Trailman is from crossing Trail with Osman 4 Scab resistant apples editA separate project was initiated by C S Crandall of the University of Illinois to breed scab resistant apples by introducing the VFgene from the crabapple Malus floribunda His work has been continued by the PRI disease resistant apple breeding program with great success 5 Among the scab resistant apples that carry the VF gene are citation needed Pristine apple Rajka Topaz Red fleshed applecrabs editAnother type of applecrab breeding program stems from Malus niedzwetskyana a red fleshed crabapple a few of which can still be found in Siberia and the Caucasus It has been used by modern breeders to breed some red leaved red flowered and red fruited domesticated apples and crabapples One example is Surprise a pink fleshed apple that was brought to the United States by German immigrants around 1840 and was later used by horticulturist Albert Etter to breed some 30 pink and red fleshed varieties the best known of which is Pink Pearl 6 Another horticulturist Niels Ebbesen Hansen encountered M niedzwetskyana in the Ili valley in what is now Kazakhstan during his 1897 expedition to Russia and began two breeding programs based on this unusual fruit one aimed at developing a cold hardy cooking and eating apple and the other aimed at developing ornamental crabapples His efforts resulted in the Almata apple and the Hopa crabapple among other varieties Some of these apples as well as M niedzwetskyana itself are being used for small scale commercial production of rose apple ciders 7 See also editBackcrossing Cider apple Crimson Gold Wealthy apple Wijcik McIntoshReferences edit a b c d Roger Vick 1991 Edible Apples to 1990 as grown in the Canadian Prairie Provinces PDF University of Alberta Devonian Botanic Garden Wesley Autio and James Krupa 2002 Performance of the V Series Apple Rootstocks During Six Growing Seasons Fruit Notes 67 Summer W D Evans and R J Hilton 1957 Methods Of Evaluating Stock Scion Compatibility In Apple Trees Canadian Journal of Plant Science 37 4 327 336 doi 10 4141 cjps57 038 R E Harris 1974 Apple crab Trailman Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54 105 doi 10 4141 cjps74 017 Vf scab resistance of Malus Archived from the original on 2014 12 19 Retrieved 2014 12 19 The Ettersburg Apple Legacies Greenmantle Nursery website Rose Ciders to Try This Summer permanent dead link External links editMidwest Apple Improvement Association TyTyGa Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Applecrab amp oldid 1192514979, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
