Tertullian (c. 155 − c. 240) gives examples of apostolic sees: he describes as churches "in which the very thrones of the apostles are still pre-eminent in their places, in which their own authentic writings are read, uttering the voice and representing the face of each of them severally" the following churches: Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, and Rome.[3]
Tertullian says that from these "all the other churches, one after another, derived the tradition of the faith, and the seeds of doctrine, and are every day deriving them, that they may become churches. Indeed, it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic, as being the offspring of apostolic churches".[4]
Tertullian himself and the slightly earlier Irenaeus (c. 130 – c. 200) speak of the succession of bishops of sees founded directly by the apostles as sources for sure Christian doctrine.
Irenaeus argues that, to know what is true Christian doctrine, it is enough to learn the teaching of some of the oldest churches or at least one, in particular that of Rome:[5] "If the apostles had known hidden mysteries, which they were in the habit of imparting to 'the perfect' apart and privily from the rest, they would have delivered them especially to those to whom they were also committing the Churches themselves.[6] [...] Suppose there arise a dispute relative to some important question among us, should we not have recourse to the most ancient Churches with which the apostles held constant intercourse, and learn from them what is certain and clear in regard to the present question?"[7]
Tertullian's arguing is similar: From the apostles the churches they founded received the doctrine that the apostles received directly from Christ, and from those churches the more recent churches received the same doctrine. Every heresy is more recent and, being different, is erroneous.[5][8]
Distinct from jurisdictional authority
Jurisdictional authority of particular episcopal sees over others is not necessarily associated with the apostolic origin of the see. Thus, the fourth canon of the First Council of Nicaea of 325 attributed to the bishop of the capital (metropolis) of each Roman province (the "metropolitan bishop") a position of authority among the bishops of the province, without reference to the founding figure of that bishop's see.[9]
Its sixth canon the same council recognized the wider authority, extending beyond a single imperial province, traditionally held by Rome and Alexandria, and the prerogatives of the churches in Antioch and the other provinces.[10]
Of Aelia, the Roman city built on the site of the destroyed city of Jerusalem, the council's seventh canon reads: "Since custom and ancient tradition have prevailed that the Bishop of Aelia should be honoured, let him, saving its due dignity to the Metropolis, have the next place of honour."[11] The metropolis in question is generally taken to be Caesarea Maritima,[12][13][14][15] though in the late 19th century Philip Schaff also mentioned other views.[16]
The see of Constantinople was elevated to a position of jurisdictional prominence not on the grounds of apostolic origin but because of its political importance as the capital of the Roman Empire. The First Council of Constantinople (381), held in what by then had been the political capital for half a century, decreed in a canon of disputed validity: "The Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome; because Constantinople is New Rome."[17] It was later ranked second among the sees in the theory of Pentarchy: "[F]ormulated in the legislation of the emperor Justinian I (527–565), especially in his Novella 131, the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo (692), which ranked the five sees as Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem."[18]
For another pentarchic see, that of Alexandria, the reputed founder and close associate of the apostle Peter, Saint Mark, is not called an apostle in the New Testament.
Sees or Churches viewed as founded by apostles or their close associates
Goa and Maharashtra: Bartholomew the Apostle[27][28] – Roman Martyrology of the Catholic Church mentions a tradition that Bartholomew the Apostle preached in India.[29][30] The studies of Fr A.C. Perumalil SJ and Moraes hold that the Bombay region on the Konkan coast, a region which may have been known as the ancient city Kalyan, was the field of Saint Bartholomew's missionary activities. Another unofficial book entitled ‘Martyrdom of Bartholomew’ says that, though he is generally said to have been martyred in Armenia,[31] he was martyred in India. In these texts, two kings named Polyamus and Astriyagis have been described. Circa AD 55 the king named Pulaimi ruled near Kalyan, who in Latin language is called as Polyamus and King Aristakarman, who succeeded Pulaimi, might have a Latin name of Astriyais [32][33][34] and it is in Goan tradition that the Apostle preached in Goa and Maharashtra.[35]
By a long-standing usage, evidenced already in 431, when the Council of Ephesus, the third ecumenical council, employed the phrase "our most holy and blessed pope Cœlestine, bishop of the Apostolic See",[40] the expression, "the Apostolic See", is used in the singular and capitalized to mean specifically the see of Rome in reference to the Pope's status as successor of the Apostle Peter.[41][42]
In Catholic canon law, the term is applied also to the various departments of the Roman Curia. The Code of Canon Law states: "In this Code the terms Apostolic See or Holy See mean not only the Roman Pontiff, but also, unless the contrary is clear from the nature of things or from the context, the Secretariat of State, the Council for the public affairs of the Church, and the other Institutes of the Roman Curia."[43] The bodies in question are seen as speaking on behalf of the See of Rome.
^Brian E. Daley, "Position and Patronage in the Early Church" in Everett Ferguson, Norms of Faith and Life (Taylor & Francis 1999 ISBN978-0-81533070-7), p. 207
^Jonathan Z. Smith, To Take Place (University of Chicago Press 1992 ISBN978-0-22676361-3), p. 78
^Ian Gilman, Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia before 1500 (Routledge 2013 ISBN978-1-13610978-2), p. 28
^Lucy Grig, Gavin Kelly, Two Romes (Oxford University Press 2012 ISBN978-0-19973940-0), p. 354
^Schaff's Seven Ecumenical Councils: First Nicaea: Canon VII: "It is very hard to determine just what was the 'precedence' granted to the Bishop of Ælia, nor is it clear which is the metropolis referred to in the last clause. Most writers, including Hefele, Balsamon, Aristenus and Beveridge consider it to be Cæsarea; while Zonaras thinks Jerusalem to be intended, a view recently adopted and defended by Fuchs; others again suppose it is Antioch that is referred to."
^"NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org.
^Saint Mark is not called an apostle in the New Testament, but he is said to have been one of the Seventy Apostles and to have been commissioned as an apostle when he accompanied Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas in their apostolic journeys.
^"Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria Official Website". Greekorthodox-alexandria.org. from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^"website of the Coptic Orthodox Church Network". Copticchurch.net. from the original on 10 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^. sor.cua.edu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
^. 66.208.37.78. Archived from the original on 5 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^Apostolic Succession of the Catholicos-Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenian Catholics
^"Word Pictures in the New Testament - 2 Corinthians - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org.
^Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie & Professor Tadesse Tamerat (December 1970), "The Establishment of the Ethiopian Church", The Church of Ethiopia: A Panorama Of History and Spiritual Life, from the original on 11 June 2011, retrieved 2 December 2015 – via Ethiopianorthodox.org
^"Mission of Saint Bartholomew, the Apostle in India". 13 February 2007.
^"Philip Schaff: NPNF2-01. Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine - Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
^"St bartholomew: Tracing St Bartholomew's footsteps to Betalbatim | Goa News - Times of India". The Times of India.
^""Eusebius Pamphilius: Church History, Life of Constantine, Oration in Praise of Constantine" at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 13 July 2005. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^Acts and Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle Andrew (ad finem)
^. Russian-crafts.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2011.
^Craig A. Evans, The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Acts-Philemon (David C. Cook, 2004), p. 610)
^"NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". www.ccel.org.
^"In the east there were many Churches whose foundation went back to the Apostles; there was a strong sense of the equality of all bishops, of the collegial and conciliar nature of the Church. The east acknowledged the Pope as the first bishop in the Church, but saw him as the first among equals. In the west, on the other hand, there was only one great see claiming Apostolic foundation — Rome — so that Rome came to be regarded as the Apostolic see" (Bishop Kallistos Ware, Orthodox Church).
^"An Apostolic see is any see founded by an Apostle and having the authority of its founder; the Apostolic See is the seat of authority in the Roman Church, continuing the Apostolic functions of Peter, the chief of the Apostles. Heresy and barbarian violence swept away all the particular Churches which could lay claim to an Apostolic see, until Rome alone remained; to Rome, therefore, the term applies as a proper name" (Catholic Encyclopedia, article The Apostolic See).
^"Code of Canon Law: text - IntraText CT". www.intratext.com.
Sources
Paniker, K. Ayyappa (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN978-81-260-0365-5.
May 02, 2023
apostolic, episcopal, rome, sometimes, called, apostolic, holy, apostolic, episcopal, whose, foundation, attributed, more, apostles, jesus, their, close, associates, catholicism, phrase, preceded, definite, article, usually, capitalized, refers, rome, tertulli. For the episcopal see of Rome sometimes called the Apostolic See see Holy See An apostolic see is an episcopal see whose foundation is attributed to one or more of the apostles of Jesus or to one of their close associates In Catholicism the phrase preceded by the definite article and usually capitalized refers to the See of Rome 1 2 Tertullian c 155 c 240 gives examples of apostolic sees he describes as churches in which the very thrones of the apostles are still pre eminent in their places in which their own authentic writings are read uttering the voice and representing the face of each of them severally the following churches Corinth Philippi Ephesus and Rome 3 Tertullian says that from these all the other churches one after another derived the tradition of the faith and the seeds of doctrine and are every day deriving them that they may become churches Indeed it is on this account only that they will be able to deem themselves apostolic as being the offspring of apostolic churches 4 Contents 1 Cited by early apologists for doctrinal authority 2 Distinct from jurisdictional authority 3 Sees or Churches viewed as founded by apostles or their close associates 4 Apostles or their close associates claimed as founders of sees 5 Rome as the Apostolic See 6 See also 7 References 7 1 SourcesCited by early apologists for doctrinal authority EditTertullian himself and the slightly earlier Irenaeus c 130 c 200 speak of the succession of bishops of sees founded directly by the apostles as sources for sure Christian doctrine Irenaeus argues that to know what is true Christian doctrine it is enough to learn the teaching of some of the oldest churches or at least one in particular that of Rome 5 If the apostles had known hidden mysteries which they were in the habit of imparting to the perfect apart and privily from the rest they would have delivered them especially to those to whom they were also committing the Churches themselves 6 Suppose there arise a dispute relative to some important question among us should we not have recourse to the most ancient Churches with which the apostles held constant intercourse and learn from them what is certain and clear in regard to the present question 7 Tertullian s arguing is similar From the apostles the churches they founded received the doctrine that the apostles received directly from Christ and from those churches the more recent churches received the same doctrine Every heresy is more recent and being different is erroneous 5 8 Distinct from jurisdictional authority EditJurisdictional authority of particular episcopal sees over others is not necessarily associated with the apostolic origin of the see Thus the fourth canon of the First Council of Nicaea of 325 attributed to the bishop of the capital metropolis of each Roman province the metropolitan bishop a position of authority among the bishops of the province without reference to the founding figure of that bishop s see 9 Its sixth canon the same council recognized the wider authority extending beyond a single imperial province traditionally held by Rome and Alexandria and the prerogatives of the churches in Antioch and the other provinces 10 Of Aelia the Roman city built on the site of the destroyed city of Jerusalem the council s seventh canon reads Since custom and ancient tradition have prevailed that the Bishop of Aelia should be honoured let him saving its due dignity to the Metropolis have the next place of honour 11 The metropolis in question is generally taken to be Caesarea Maritima 12 13 14 15 though in the late 19th century Philip Schaff also mentioned other views 16 The see of Constantinople was elevated to a position of jurisdictional prominence not on the grounds of apostolic origin but because of its political importance as the capital of the Roman Empire The First Council of Constantinople 381 held in what by then had been the political capital for half a century decreed in a canon of disputed validity The Bishop of Constantinople however shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is New Rome 17 It was later ranked second among the sees in the theory of Pentarchy F ormulated in the legislation of the emperor Justinian I 527 565 especially in his Novella 131 the theory received formal ecclesiastical sanction at the Council in Trullo 692 which ranked the five sees as Rome Constantinople Alexandria Antioch and Jerusalem 18 For another pentarchic see that of Alexandria the reputed founder and close associate of the apostle Peter Saint Mark is not called an apostle in the New Testament Sees or Churches viewed as founded by apostles or their close associates EditAlexandria Coptic Coptic Catholic Greek Orthodox Saint Mark the Evangelist 19 20 21 Antioch Greek Orthodox Maronite Melkite Syriac Catholic Syriac Orthodox Saint Peter 22 Aquileia Mark the Evangelist as one of the Seventy Apostles Armenia Armenian Apostolic Church 23 Armenian Catholic Church 24 Thaddaeus Jude the Apostle and Bartholomew the Apostle Athens Saint Paul Bulgarian Orthodox Church Saint Andrew Constantinople Saint Andrew Corinth Saint Paul 25 Cyprus based at New Justiniana Erdek Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas Ephesus John the Apostle Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church maintains that Christianity was originally introduced to Ethiopia through Saint Philip the Evangelist 26 Georgian Orthodox Church Saint Andrew and Simon the Canaanite Goa and Maharashtra Bartholomew the Apostle 27 28 Roman Martyrology of the Catholic Church mentions a tradition that Bartholomew the Apostle preached in India 29 30 The studies of Fr A C Perumalil SJ and Moraes hold that the Bombay region on the Konkan coast a region which may have been known as the ancient city Kalyan was the field of Saint Bartholomew s missionary activities Another unofficial book entitled Martyrdom of Bartholomew says that though he is generally said to have been martyred in Armenia 31 he was martyred in India In these texts two kings named Polyamus and Astriyagis have been described Circa AD 55 the king named Pulaimi ruled near Kalyan who in Latin language is called as Polyamus and King Aristakarman who succeeded Pulaimi might have a Latin name of Astriyais 32 33 34 and it is in Goan tradition that the Apostle preached in Goa and Maharashtra 35 Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Latin Saint Peter and Saint James 36 Malta Saint Paul Milan Saint Barnabas Patras Saint Andrew 37 Philippi Saint Paul Romania Saint Andrew who is said to have preached in Scythia identified with Scythia Minor Dobruja and the Metropolitan of Tomis Rome Saint Peter and Saint Paul The Russian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine claim a connection with Saint Andrew who is said to have visited the area where the city of Kyiv later arose 38 Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala claim a connection with Thomas the Apostle they are now divided between in alphabetic order Chaldean Syrian Church Jacobite Syrian Christian Church Malabar Independent Syrian Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Mar Thoma Syrian Church St Thomas Evangelical Church of India Syro Malabar Catholic Church Syro Malankara Catholic Church Santiago de Compostela James the Great Seleucia Ctesiphon or Babylon claimed by in alphabetical order Ancient Church of the East Assyrian Church of the East Chaldean Catholic Church Thomas the Apostle Bartholomew the Apostle and Thaddeus of Edessa Syracuse Saint Peter Thessalonica Saint Paul 39 Apostles or their close associates claimed as founders of sees EditAndrew Bulgarian Orthodox Church Constantinople Corinth Georgian Orthodox Church Patras Romanian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Church Orthodox Church of Ukraine Barnabas Cyprus Milan Bartholomew Armenian Apostolic Church Armenian Catholic Church Babylon James brother of Jesus Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Latin James the Great Santiago de Compostela John Ephesus Mark Alexandria Coptic Coptic Catholic Greek Orthodox Aquileia Paul Athens Cyprus Malta Philippi Rome Thessalonica Peter Antioch Greek Orthodox Maronite Melkite Syriac Catholic Syriac Orthodox Jerusalem Greek Orthodox Latin Rome Syracuse Philip the Evangelist Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Simon the Canaanite Georgian Orthodox Church Thaddaeus Jude the Apostle Armenian Apostolic Church Armenian Catholic Church Ancient Church of the East Assyrian Church of the East Chaldean Catholic Church Babylon Thaddeus of Edessa Ancient Church of the East Assyrian Church of the East Chaldean Catholic Church Babylon Thomas Ancient Church of the East Assyrian Church of the East Chaldean Catholic Church Babylon Saint Thomas Christians The latter are now divided between in alphabetical order Chaldean Syrian Church Jacobite Syrian Christian Church Malabar Independent Syrian Church Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Mar Thoma Syrian Church St Thomas Evangelical Church of India Syro Malabar Catholic Church Syro Malankara Catholic Church Rome as the Apostolic See EditSee also Papal supremacy By a long standing usage evidenced already in 431 when the Council of Ephesus the third ecumenical council employed the phrase our most holy and blessed pope Cœlestine bishop of the Apostolic See 40 the expression the Apostolic See is used in the singular and capitalized to mean specifically the see of Rome in reference to the Pope s status as successor of the Apostle Peter 41 42 In Catholic canon law the term is applied also to the various departments of the Roman Curia The Code of Canon Law states In this Code the terms Apostolic See or Holy See mean not only the Roman Pontiff but also unless the contrary is clear from the nature of things or from the context the Secretariat of State the Council for the public affairs of the Church and the other Institutes of the Roman Curia 43 The bodies in question are seen as speaking on behalf of the See of Rome See also EditApostolic History Network Apostolic succession Dispersion of the apostles Early centers of ChristianityReferences Edit Merriam Webster definition of apostolic see Collins English Dictionary Definition of apostolic see Tertullian De praescriptione haereticorum chapter 36 original Latin text Tertullian De praescriptionibus adversus haereticos chapter XX a b Honore Coppieters Apostolic Churches in The Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company 1907 Irenaeus Adversus haereses III Irenaeus Adversus haereses III iv 1 Tertullian De praescriptionibus adversus haereticos chapter xxxii First Council of Nicaea canons 4 6 7 First Council of Nicaea canon 6 First Council of Nicaea canon 7 Brian E Daley Position and Patronage in the Early Church in Everett Ferguson Norms of Faith and Life Taylor amp Francis 1999 ISBN 978 0 81533070 7 p 207 Jonathan Z Smith To Take Place University of Chicago Press 1992 ISBN 978 0 22676361 3 p 78 Ian Gilman Hans Joachim Klimkeit Christians in Asia before 1500 Routledge 2013 ISBN 978 1 13610978 2 p 28 Lucy Grig Gavin Kelly Two Romes Oxford University Press 2012 ISBN 978 0 19973940 0 p 354 Schaff s Seven Ecumenical Councils First Nicaea Canon VII It is very hard to determine just what was the precedence granted to the Bishop of AElia nor is it clear which is the metropolis referred to in the last clause Most writers including Hefele Balsamon Aristenus and Beveridge consider it to be Caesarea while Zonaras thinks Jerusalem to be intended a view recently adopted and defended by Fuchs others again suppose it is Antioch that is referred to NPNF2 14 The Seven Ecumenical Councils Christian Classics Ethereal Library www ccel org Encyclopaedia Britannica Pentarchy Saint Mark is not called an apostle in the New Testament but he is said to have been one of the Seventy Apostles and to have been commissioned as an apostle when he accompanied Saint Paul and Saint Barnabas in their apostolic journeys Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria Official Website Greekorthodox alexandria org Archived from the original on 26 July 2011 Retrieved 26 July 2011 website of the Coptic Orthodox Church Network Copticchurch net Archived from the original on 10 June 2011 Retrieved 26 July 2011 Syriac Orthodox Resources sor cua edu Archived from the original on 18 May 2013 Retrieved 18 August 2011 Official Website of the Armenian Church 66 208 37 78 Archived from the original on 5 July 2011 Retrieved 26 July 2011 Apostolic Succession of the Catholicos Patriarch of Cilicia for Armenian Catholics Word Pictures in the New Testament 2 Corinthians Christian Classics Ethereal Library www ccel org Professor Sergew Hable Sellassie amp Professor Tadesse Tamerat December 1970 The Establishment of the Ethiopian Church The Church of Ethiopia A Panorama Of History and Spiritual Life archived from the original on 11 June 2011 retrieved 2 December 2015 via Ethiopianorthodox org Mission of Saint Bartholomew the Apostle in India 13 February 2007 Philip Schaff NPNF2 01 Eusebius Pamphilius Church History Life of Constantine Oration in Praise of Constantine Christian Classics Ethereal Library St Bartholomew Saints amp Angels Saints amp Blessed CCBI Encyclopaedia Britannica Saint Bartholomew Paniker 1997 p 263 Beresford Andrew M 2 March 2020 Sacred Skin The Legend of St Bartholomew in Spanish Art and Literature ISBN 9789004419384 Today the Church remembers St Bartholomew by Father Troy Beecham Medium Archived from the original on 2020 09 16 St bartholomew Tracing St Bartholomew s footsteps to Betalbatim Goa News Times of India The Times of India Eusebius Pamphilius Church History Life of Constantine Oration in Praise of Constantine at the Christian Classics Ethereal Library Ccel org 13 July 2005 Retrieved 26 July 2011 Acts and Martyrdom of the Holy Apostle Andrew ad finem History of the Russian Church Russian crafts com Archived from the original on 15 July 2011 Retrieved 26 July 2011 Craig A Evans The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary Acts Philemon David C Cook 2004 p 610 NPNF2 14 The Seven Ecumenical Councils Christian Classics Ethereal Library www ccel org In the east there were many Churches whose foundation went back to the Apostles there was a strong sense of the equality of all bishops of the collegial and conciliar nature of the Church The east acknowledged the Pope as the first bishop in the Church but saw him as the first among equals In the west on the other hand there was only one great see claiming Apostolic foundation Rome so that Rome came to be regarded as the Apostolic see Bishop Kallistos Ware Orthodox Church An Apostolic see is any see founded by an Apostle and having the authority of its founder the Apostolic See is the seat of authority in the Roman Church continuing the Apostolic functions of Peter the chief of the Apostles Heresy and barbarian violence swept away all the particular Churches which could lay claim to an Apostolic see until Rome alone remained to Rome therefore the term applies as a proper name Catholic Encyclopedia article The Apostolic See Code of Canon Law text IntraText CT www intratext com Sources Edit Paniker K Ayyappa 1997 Medieval Indian Literature Surveys and selections Sahitya Akademi ISBN 978 81 260 0365 5 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Apostolic see amp oldid 1144622889, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
