In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Álvarez de Toledo and the second or maternal family name is Salazar.
Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo y Salazar, 2nd Marquess of Mancera, Grandee of Spain[1] (January 20, 1622[citation needed] – February 13, 1715) was a Spanish nobleman and diplomat who served as Viceroy of New Spain from October 15, 1664, to December 8, 1673.
Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo was born in Spain, but grew up in Peru, where his father, Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, 1st Marquess of Mancera, was viceroy from 1639 to 1648. In 1644, as a young adult, he was sent by his father in charge of a large navy to settle and fortify Corral Bay at the entrance of the ruins of Valdivia.[2] The whole operation was a response to the Dutch expedition to Valdivia in 1643. Arriving at Corral Bay in February 1645 the men in charge of Antonio de Toledo commenced construction of a system of defensive fortifications.[3] These would become the Valdivian Fort System, the most important defensive complex of the American South Pacific coast. It is an exceptional example of the Hispanic-American school of fortification. The building and maintenance of the fortifications became a heavy burden for the Spanish colonial finances but this was felt necessary in order to defend the southern approaches to Peru, the colony which, along with Mexico, constituted the main source of wealth for the Spanish Crown.[3]
He returned to Spain with his father in 1648, and was subsequently majordomo of the royal palace, and then ambassador in Venice and Germany. On December 30, 1663, King Philip IV of Spain named him viceroy of New Spain, although the Council of the Indies had initially rejected him on grounds of his poor health.
As Viceroy of New Spain
The Marquess arrived in Chapultepec and remained there some days before making his formal entry into Mexico City. While in Chapultepec he gave orders that no celebration was to accompany his arrival, because the treasury of the colony had been exhausted by remittances to Spain and the war against the English. However he also ordered that the 16,000 pesos intended for the celebration be used for a filigreed golden box to be sent as a present to the king. He entered Mexico City October 15, 1664, and took up his office.
The viceroy and his wife, the virreina, became patrons of the seventeenth-century nun and savant, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.[4]
In 1668, the English pirate Robert Searle sacked and destroyed the plaza of St. Augustine, Spanish Florida. He stole (among other things) the payroll intended for the garrison there.[5] To guard against a recurrence, Viceroy Álvarez de Toledo reorganized the Armada de Barlovento (coast guard). He ordered the construction of fast, heavily armed ships for the fleet. These expenses and other expenses of the administration nearly ruined the already depleted treasury. Nevertheless, the viceroy continued the reconstruction of the cathedral of Mexico City. Its ornate interior was finally finished in 1666, and the second dedication of the cathedral was held on December 22, 1667.
In other actions, the viceroy inspected the fortifications of San Juan de Ulúa, near Veracruz, and suspended work on the drainage system of Mexico City and the construction of a convent in Guanajuato for lack of money. He sent another unsuccessful expedition to Baja California. In 1670 Chichimecas invaded Durango, and the governor, Francisco González, abandoned its defense. He was able to save only his own property, and also left with the payroll of the soldiers.
In 1666 news of the death of King Philip IV reached Mexico City. A solemn memorial service was held in the as yet unfinished cathedral. Queen Mariana of Austria became regent for her son Charles II, who was 3 at the time of his father's death.
The Audiencia made trivial complaints against the viceroy to the Crown, such as that he arrived late at religious functions. Some of these complaints were forwarded to the viceroy. Toledo Molina y Salazar resigned the viceroyalty because of ill health, but the Crown did not accept his resignation. On the contrary, on April 3, 1670, it extended his term of office.
Later life
He finally left office in 1673, but still remained for some months in Mexico City. On April 2, 1674, he started the trip back to Spain. On April 22, at Tepeaca (Puebla), on the highway from Mexico City to Veracruz, his wife died and was interred there. He remained there for a time but eventually continued the trip alone and returned to Spain, where he died in 1715.
Descendants
In 1655 the Marquess married Leonora María del Carretto, daughter of Francesco del Carretto, 2nd Marquess of Grana, with whom he had one daughter. In 1680 he married for a second time with Juliana Teresa de Meneses, widow of Francisco Ponce de León, 5th Duke of Arcos, but they had no descendants. The title passed to his nephew, Pedro Sarmiento, 3rd Marquis of Mancera.
By Leonora María del Carretto:
María Luisa de Toledo y Carretto, 1st Marchioness of Melgar
10. Sancho Martínez de Leiva Lord of the house of Leiva
5. Isabel de Leiva
11. Leonor de Mendoza
1. Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo
12.
6. Luis de Salazar 1st Lord of El Mármol
13.
3. María Luisa de Salazar 3rd Lady of El Mármol
14. Felipe Enríquez de Lacarra 8th Lord of Ablitas
7. María Enríquez de Navarra
15. Mariana de Luna
Additional information
Notes
^in full, Spanish: Don Antonio Sebastián Álvarez de Toledo Molina y Salazar, segundo Marqués de Mancera, Grande de España, señor de Mármol y de las Cinco Villas, Virrey de Nueva España, embajador en Alemania y Venecia, consejero de Estado, caballero de la orden de Alcalá
^Octavio Paz, Sor Juana, Cambridge: Belnap Press of Harvard University 1988, p. 21.
^James W. Raab (5 November 2007). Spain, Britain and the American Revolution in Florida, 1763-1783. McFarland. p. 10. ISBN978-0-7864-3213-4.
Sources
Barros Arana, Diego. "Capítulo XI". Historia general de Chile (in Spanish). Vol. Tomo cuarto (Digital edition based on the 2nd edition of 2000 ed.). Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.
Castro Pereira Mouzinho de Albuquerque e Cunha, Fernando de (1995). Instrumentário Genealógico - Linhagens Milenárias (in Portuguese). pp. 329–30.
Hobbs, Nicolas (2007). "Grandes de España" (in Spanish). from the original on 25 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
Instituto de Salazar y Castro. Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Españoles (in Spanish). periodic publication.
Lane, Kris E. (1998). Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas 1500–1750. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. ISBN978-0-76560-256-5.
Toledo, Antonio Sebastián de. Enciclopedia de México (in Spanish). Vol. 13. Mexico City. 1988.
García Purón, Manuel (1984). México y sus gobernantes (in Spanish). Vol. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua.
Orozco Linares, Fernando (1985). Gobernantes de México (in Spanish). Mexico City: Panorama Editorial. ISBN968-38-0260-5.
Orozco Linares, Fernando (1988). Fechas Históricas de México (in Spanish). Mexico City: Panorama Editorial. ISBN968-38-0046-7.
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations August 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Alvarez de Toledo and the second or maternal family name is Salazar Antonio Sebastian Alvarez de Toledo y Salazar 2nd Marquess of Mancera Grandee of Spain 1 January 20 1622 citation needed February 13 1715 was a Spanish nobleman and diplomat who served as Viceroy of New Spain from October 15 1664 to December 8 1673 The Most ExcellentThe Marquess of ManceraGE KOA25th Viceroy of New SpainIn office October 15 1664 December 8 1673MonarchsPhilip IVCharles IIPreceded byDiego OsorioSucceeded byThe Duke of VeraguaPersonal detailsBornJanuary 20 1622Seville SpainDiedFebruary 13 1715Madrid SpainSpouse s Leonora Maria del CarrettoJuliana Teresa de MenesesParentsPedro Alvarez de Toledo 1st Marquess of Mancera father Maria Luisa de Salazar mother Contents 1 Early life 2 As Viceroy of New Spain 3 Later life 4 Descendants 5 Ancestry 6 Additional information 6 1 Notes 6 2 SourcesEarly life EditAntonio Sebastian Alvarez de Toledo was born in Spain but grew up in Peru where his father Pedro Alvarez de Toledo 1st Marquess of Mancera was viceroy from 1639 to 1648 In 1644 as a young adult he was sent by his father in charge of a large navy to settle and fortify Corral Bay at the entrance of the ruins of Valdivia 2 The whole operation was a response to the Dutch expedition to Valdivia in 1643 Arriving at Corral Bay in February 1645 the men in charge of Antonio de Toledo commenced construction of a system of defensive fortifications 3 These would become the Valdivian Fort System the most important defensive complex of the American South Pacific coast It is an exceptional example of the Hispanic American school of fortification The building and maintenance of the fortifications became a heavy burden for the Spanish colonial finances but this was felt necessary in order to defend the southern approaches to Peru the colony which along with Mexico constituted the main source of wealth for the Spanish Crown 3 He returned to Spain with his father in 1648 and was subsequently majordomo of the royal palace and then ambassador in Venice and Germany On December 30 1663 King Philip IV of Spain named him viceroy of New Spain although the Council of the Indies had initially rejected him on grounds of his poor health As Viceroy of New Spain EditThe Marquess arrived in Chapultepec and remained there some days before making his formal entry into Mexico City While in Chapultepec he gave orders that no celebration was to accompany his arrival because the treasury of the colony had been exhausted by remittances to Spain and the war against the English However he also ordered that the 16 000 pesos intended for the celebration be used for a filigreed golden box to be sent as a present to the king He entered Mexico City October 15 1664 and took up his office The viceroy and his wife the virreina became patrons of the seventeenth century nun and savant Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz 4 In 1668 the English pirate Robert Searle sacked and destroyed the plaza of St Augustine Spanish Florida He stole among other things the payroll intended for the garrison there 5 To guard against a recurrence Viceroy Alvarez de Toledo reorganized the Armada de Barlovento coast guard He ordered the construction of fast heavily armed ships for the fleet These expenses and other expenses of the administration nearly ruined the already depleted treasury Nevertheless the viceroy continued the reconstruction of the cathedral of Mexico City Its ornate interior was finally finished in 1666 and the second dedication of the cathedral was held on December 22 1667 In other actions the viceroy inspected the fortifications of San Juan de Ulua near Veracruz and suspended work on the drainage system of Mexico City and the construction of a convent in Guanajuato for lack of money He sent another unsuccessful expedition to Baja California In 1670 Chichimecas invaded Durango and the governor Francisco Gonzalez abandoned its defense He was able to save only his own property and also left with the payroll of the soldiers In 1666 news of the death of King Philip IV reached Mexico City A solemn memorial service was held in the as yet unfinished cathedral Queen Mariana of Austria became regent for her son Charles II who was 3 at the time of his father s death The Audiencia made trivial complaints against the viceroy to the Crown such as that he arrived late at religious functions Some of these complaints were forwarded to the viceroy Toledo Molina y Salazar resigned the viceroyalty because of ill health but the Crown did not accept his resignation On the contrary on April 3 1670 it extended his term of office Later life EditHe finally left office in 1673 but still remained for some months in Mexico City On April 2 1674 he started the trip back to Spain On April 22 at Tepeaca Puebla on the highway from Mexico City to Veracruz his wife died and was interred there He remained there for a time but eventually continued the trip alone and returned to Spain where he died in 1715 Descendants EditIn 1655 the Marquess married Leonora Maria del Carretto daughter of Francesco del Carretto 2nd Marquess of Grana with whom he had one daughter In 1680 he married for a second time with Juliana Teresa de Meneses widow of Francisco Ponce de Leon 5th Duke of Arcos but they had no descendants The title passed to his nephew Pedro Sarmiento 3rd Marquis of Mancera By Leonora Maria del Carretto Maria Luisa de Toledo y Carretto 1st Marchioness of MelgarAncestry Edit8 Enrique de Toledo3rd Lord of Mancera4 Luis de Toledo4th Lord of Mancera9 Isabel de Mendoza2 Pedro Alvarez de Toledo1st Marquess of Mancera10 Sancho Martinez de LeivaLord of the house of Leiva5 Isabel de Leiva11 Leonor de Mendoza1 Antonio Sebastian Alvarez de Toledo12 6 Luis de Salazar1st Lord of El Marmol13 3 Maria Luisa de Salazar3rd Lady of El Marmol14 Felipe Enriquez de Lacarra8th Lord of Ablitas7 Maria Enriquez de Navarra15 Mariana de LunaAdditional information EditNotes Edit in full Spanish Don Antonio Sebastian Alvarez de Toledo Molina y Salazar segundo Marques de Mancera Grande de Espana senor de Marmol y de las Cinco Villas Virrey de Nueva Espana embajador en Alemania y Venecia consejero de Estado caballero de la orden de Alcala Barros Arana 2000 p 293 a b Lane 1998 p 90 Octavio Paz Sor Juana Cambridge Belnap Press of Harvard University 1988 p 21 James W Raab 5 November 2007 Spain Britain and the American Revolution in Florida 1763 1783 McFarland p 10 ISBN 978 0 7864 3213 4 Sources Edit Barros Arana Diego Capitulo XI Historia general de Chile in Spanish Vol Tomo cuarto Digital edition based on the 2nd edition of 2000 ed Alicante Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes Castro Pereira Mouzinho de Albuquerque e Cunha Fernando de 1995 Instrumentario Genealogico Linhagens Milenarias in Portuguese pp 329 30 Hobbs Nicolas 2007 Grandes de Espana in Spanish Archived from the original on 25 October 2008 Retrieved 15 October 2008 Instituto de Salazar y Castro Elenco de Grandezas y Titulos Nobiliarios Espanoles in Spanish periodic publication Lane Kris E 1998 Pillaging the Empire Piracy in the Americas 1500 1750 Armonk N Y M E Sharpe ISBN 978 0 76560 256 5 Toledo Antonio Sebastian de Enciclopedia de Mexico in Spanish Vol 13 Mexico City 1988 Garcia Puron Manuel 1984 Mexico y sus gobernantes in Spanish Vol 1 Mexico City Joaquin Porrua Orozco Linares Fernando 1985 Gobernantes de Mexico in Spanish Mexico City Panorama Editorial ISBN 968 38 0260 5 Orozco Linares Fernando 1988 Fechas Historicas de Mexico in Spanish Mexico City Panorama Editorial ISBN 968 38 0046 7 Government officesPreceded byDiego Osorio Viceroy of New Spain1664 1673 Succeeded byThe Duke of VeraguaSpanish nobilityPreceded byPedro Alvarez de Toledo Marquess of Mancera1654 1710 Succeeded byPedro Sarmiento Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antonio Sebastian Alvarez de Toledo 2nd Marquess of Mancera amp oldid 1085227374, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
