Born at Montpellier, France, on 30 September 1802,[4] he started as an apothecary, but taking up teaching he acted as chemical assistant at the faculty of sciences of his native town, and then became professor of chemistry at the royal college and school of pharmacy and at the faculty of sciences.[5] In 1826 he discovered in seawater a substance which he recognized as a previously unknown element and named it bromine.[5] It had been independently prepared by Carl Jacob Löwig the previous year and the two are both regarded as having discovered the element.
This achievement brought him the reputation that secured his election as successor to Louis Jacques Thénard in the chair of chemistry at the faculty of sciences in Paris, and in 1851 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the College de France, where he had Marcellin Berthelot first as pupil, then as assistant and finally as colleague.[5] Balard also had Louis Pasteur as a pupil when Pasteur was only 26 years old.[6] It was in Balard's laboratory that Pasteur discovered the difference between "right-handed" and "left-handed" crystals while he was working with tartaric acid.[citation needed] Balard died in Paris on 30 April 1876.[5]
While the discovery of bromine and the preparation of many of its compounds was his most conspicuous piece of work, Balard was an industrious chemist on both the pure and applied sides.[7] In his researches on the bleaching compounds of chlorine he was the first to advance the view that bleaching-powder is a double compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite; and he devoted much time to the problem of economically obtaining soda and potash from seawater, though here his efforts were nullified by the discovery of the much richer sources of supply afforded by the Stassfurt deposits. In organic chemistry he published papers on the decomposition of ammonium oxalate, with formation of oxamic acid, on amyl alcohol, on the cyanides, and on the difference in constitution between ethyl nitrate and ethyl sulfate.[5] He also helped Louis Pasteur devise the experiment[8] that would prove spontaneous generation to be false.
Botany and John Stuart Milledit
Antoine Jérôme Balard met John Stuart Mill while Mill was studying at the Montpellier Faculty of Sciences in the Winter of 1820. In Mill's journal of the period [9] he writes of visiting Balard at his home, being shown his herbarium and receiving from him a selection of his plants from the Montpellier area, in addition to other accounts of the two embarking on daytrips around the city of Montpellier and to the sea to look for coastal plants. In a later letter to Auguste Comte, Mill describes Balard as his first real friend. A ‘friend of my own choice as opposed to those given to me by family ties’. A portion of John Stuart Mill's Herbarium, believed to be in the vicinity of 4000 specimens, is housed at the National Herbarium of Victoria (MEL) and within the Mill Herbarium are contained these Balard collections,[10] mainly from the area of Montpellier.
Charlot, Colette; Flahaut, Jean (2003). "Antoine-Jérôme Balard: L'homme" [Antoine-Jérôme Balard: The Man]. Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie (in French). 51 (338): 251–264. doi:10.3406/pharm.2003.5517. ISSN 0035-2349. PMID 14606485.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Balard, Antoine Jerôme" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 239. This article incorporates text from this public-domain publication.
Egerton, Frank N. (2013). "History of Ecological Sciences, Part 46: From Parasitology to Germ Theory". Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America. 94 (2): 136–164. doi:10.1890/0012-9623-94.2.136. ISSN 2327-6096.
Pötsch, Winfried R.; Fischer, Annelore; Müller, Wolfgang (1988). Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (in German). Leipzig, Germany: VEB Bibliographisches Institut. ISBN978-3-323-00185-5.
Further readingedit
Charlot, Colette (2007). "Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–1876), le découvreur du brome" [Antoine Jérôme Balard (1802–1876), the Discoverer of Bromium]. Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie (in French). 55 (356): 495–504. doi:10.3406/pharm.2007.6408. ISSN 0035-2349. PMID 18549189.
Wisniak, Jaime (2004). "Antoine-Jerôme Balard: The Discoverer of Bromine" (PDF). Revista CENIC Ciencias Químicas. 35 (1).[permanent dead link]
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Antoine Jerome Balard news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2013 Learn how and when to remove this message Antoine Jerome Balard 30 September 1802 30 April 1876 was a French chemist and one of the discoverers of bromine Antoine Jerome BalardBalard in the 1870sBorn 1802 09 30 30 September 1802Montpellier FranceDied30 April 1876 1876 04 30 aged 73 Paris FranceAlma materEcole de pharmacie de Montpellier fr 2 Known forDiscovery of bromineSpouseSophie Elisabeth Pascal m 1838 died 1875 wbr 3 AwardsRoyal Medal 1830 Scientific careerFieldsChemistryInstitutionsUniversity of Paris 1 College de France 1 Contents 1 Career 2 Botany and John Stuart Mill 3 Commemoration 4 References 4 1 Footnotes 4 2 Bibliography 5 Further readingCareer editBorn at Montpellier France on 30 September 1802 4 he started as an apothecary but taking up teaching he acted as chemical assistant at the faculty of sciences of his native town and then became professor of chemistry at the royal college and school of pharmacy and at the faculty of sciences 5 In 1826 he discovered in seawater a substance which he recognized as a previously unknown element and named it bromine 5 It had been independently prepared by Carl Jacob Lowig the previous year and the two are both regarded as having discovered the element This achievement brought him the reputation that secured his election as successor to Louis Jacques Thenard in the chair of chemistry at the faculty of sciences in Paris and in 1851 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the College de France where he had Marcellin Berthelot first as pupil then as assistant and finally as colleague 5 Balard also had Louis Pasteur as a pupil when Pasteur was only 26 years old 6 It was in Balard s laboratory that Pasteur discovered the difference between right handed and left handed crystals while he was working with tartaric acid citation needed Balard died in Paris on 30 April 1876 5 While the discovery of bromine and the preparation of many of its compounds was his most conspicuous piece of work Balard was an industrious chemist on both the pure and applied sides 7 In his researches on the bleaching compounds of chlorine he was the first to advance the view that bleaching powder is a double compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite and he devoted much time to the problem of economically obtaining soda and potash from seawater though here his efforts were nullified by the discovery of the much richer sources of supply afforded by the Stassfurt deposits In organic chemistry he published papers on the decomposition of ammonium oxalate with formation of oxamic acid on amyl alcohol on the cyanides and on the difference in constitution between ethyl nitrate and ethyl sulfate 5 He also helped Louis Pasteur devise the experiment 8 that would prove spontaneous generation to be false Botany and John Stuart Mill editAntoine Jerome Balard met John Stuart Mill while Mill was studying at the Montpellier Faculty of Sciences in the Winter of 1820 In Mill s journal of the period 9 he writes of visiting Balard at his home being shown his herbarium and receiving from him a selection of his plants from the Montpellier area in addition to other accounts of the two embarking on daytrips around the city of Montpellier and to the sea to look for coastal plants In a later letter to Auguste Comte Mill describes Balard as his first real friend A friend of my own choice as opposed to those given to me by family ties A portion of John Stuart Mill s Herbarium believed to be in the vicinity of 4000 specimens is housed at the National Herbarium of Victoria MEL and within the Mill Herbarium are contained these Balard collections 10 mainly from the area of Montpellier Commemoration editBalard is commemorated in the name of Balard station on the Paris Metro References editFootnotes edit a b Antoine Jerome Balard 2018 Charlot amp Flahaut 2003 pp 255 256 Charlot amp Flahaut 2003 pp 257 263 Charlot amp Flahaut 2003 p 252 Chisholm 1911 a b c d e Chisholm 1911 Antoine Jerome Balard 1802 1876 Pasteur Brewing 23 May 2009 Archived from the original on 6 June 2017 Retrieved 21 July 2018 Potsch Fischer amp Muller 1988 p 25 Egerton 2013 p 142 Stuart Mill John John Mill s Boyhood Visit to France University of Toronto Press 1960 A J Balard records The Australasian Virtual Herbarium Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria Retrieved 24 November 2020 Bibliography edit Antoine Jerome Balard Encyclopaedia Britannica 2018 Retrieved 21 July 2018 Charlot Colette Flahaut Jean 2003 Antoine Jerome Balard L homme Antoine Jerome Balard The Man Revue d histoire de la pharmacie in French 51 338 251 264 doi 10 3406 pharm 2003 5517 ISSN 0035 2349 PMID 14606485 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Balard Antoine Jerome Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 3 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 239 This article incorporates text from this public domain publication Egerton Frank N 2013 History of Ecological Sciences Part 46 From Parasitology to Germ Theory Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 94 2 136 164 doi 10 1890 0012 9623 94 2 136 ISSN 2327 6096 Potsch Winfried R Fischer Annelore Muller Wolfgang 1988 Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker in German Leipzig Germany VEB Bibliographisches Institut ISBN 978 3 323 00185 5 Further reading editCharlot Colette 2007 Antoine Jerome Balard 1802 1876 le decouvreur du brome Antoine Jerome Balard 1802 1876 the Discoverer of Bromium Revue d histoire de la pharmacie in French 55 356 495 504 doi 10 3406 pharm 2007 6408 ISSN 0035 2349 PMID 18549189 Wisniak Jaime 2004 Antoine Jerome Balard The Discoverer of Bromine PDF Revista CENIC Ciencias Quimicas 35 1 permanent dead link Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Chemistry nbsp FranceAntoine Jerome Balard at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons nbsp Data from Wikidata 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