Antoine I d'Aure de Gramont, viscount of Aure, count of Guiche, sovereign-lord of Bidache (1526 - 8 December 1576) was a French courtier and general. He served as gentleman in ordinary to the king's chamber from 1559 to 1564, serving Henry II, Francis II and Charles IX in that role.
Antoine was the son of Menaud d'Aure d'Aster (c. 1485-1534) and Claire de Gramont (c. 1500-c. 1527), daughter and heir of François de Gramont and Catherine d'Andouins. Menaud was himself son of Jean d'Aure and Jeanne-Isabeau de Foix-Grailly. Menaud and Claire's marriage contract, signed at Bidache on 23 November 1525, specified that any children born of the marriage should bear the name of Gramont. Antoine's first post came in 1538 as mayor and captain of Bayonne, followed by counsellor of state and captain of gendarmes in 1549.
Antoine distinguished himself commanding an infantry company (equipped at his own cost) the capture of Calais in 1558 and the conquest of the Boulonnais and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Michael. He was in great favour at prince de Condé's court, linked to the prince as he was through his wife. Antoine became a Protestant in order to serve at the court of Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre, becoming one of the main leaders of the Protestant faction in what is now south-west France.
Antoine became the queen's lieutenant-general in Navarre and Béarn on 22 March 1563, with his estates of Gramont and Guiche promoted to counties in December that year.[1] He tried to introduce Calvinism to Basse-Navarre and established preachers at Saint-Palais.
Antoine also commanded the 6,000-strong Protestant "régiment colonel" in Guyenne, "all old soldiers from Gascony, as good as any other" according to Brantôme. It was divided into three corps of 2,000 men each, with the lords of Montamat, La Lande and Bahus as their mestres de camp, most notably Bernard d'Astarac, baron of Montamat, who was made a lieutenant-general by the queen of Navarre at the same time as Bernard, baron of Arros.[2] During the First French War of Religion Antoine took part in the pillaging of Poitiers and Angoulême, the capture of Orléans and Bourges, the blockade of Paris and the Battle of Dreux. His regiment was disbanded on 19 March 1563 to comply with the declarations of the Peace of Amboise.
Charles IX sent an army against Béarn under Antoine de Lomagne, baron of Terride in 1569, during which Antoine de Gramont retired to Bidache since he was unable to resist it.[3] After the count of Montgomery's capture of Orthez, Antoine de Gramont met him but was unable to come to an agreement regarding the lieutenant-generalcy of Navarre and so retired to his château.[4] He was present at Henry of Navarre's marriage to Marguerite de Valois in Paris and Charles IX put him under his protection, thus saving him from the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. He renounced Protestantism and remained a Catholic until his death.
Antoine entered the service of the King of France in October 1572 and was made governor of Navarre and Béarn, contrary to the wishes of the King of Navarre. On 17 April 1573 he and his son Philibert were captured by the Protestant forces whilst on their way to Dax to parley with the Protestant captain Bernard d'Arros [fr]. This perturbed the Duke of Anjou and Charles IX, with Charles demanding that those responsible be punished. As the situation developed, Gramont communicated directly with the Duke of Anjou, insisting in his letters that he had remained loyal. During the following troubles which followed he played a rather reduced role, as described by his contemporary Nicolas de Bordenave (c. 1530–1601), historian of the House of Navarre.[5] He was granted the title of Prince of Bidache in 1570.
Marriage and issueEdit
School of Jean Clouet, Portrait of Hélène de Clermont
By a marriage contract dated 29 September 1549, Antoine was married to Hélène de Clermont,[6] daughter of François de Clermont, Lord of Traves and his wife Anne Gouffier, daughter of Artus Gouffier de Boisy. In 1530 she had become a lady-in-waiting to Eleanor of Habsburg. The couple had:
Philibert I de Gramont (1552 - 11 July 1580), count of Guiche, viscount of Aster, baron of Gramont, sovereign-lord of Bidache; on 7 August 1567 married Diane d'Andouins (1554-1621), nicknamed Corisande;[6] he was later made seneschal of Béarn; had issue:
Antoine II de Gramont (c.1572-1644), viceroy of Navarre, made a duke and a peer by Louis XIV on 13 December 1643; had issue:
Théophile de Gramont (†1597), married Charlotte de Clermont.
Jean Antoine de Gramont.
Marguerite de Gramont; married Jean de Durfort (died February 1587), viscount of Duras, son of Symphorien de Duras.
Claire-Suzanne de Gramont; in March 1595 married Henri des Prez (or des Prés) (died 1619).
ReferencesEdit
^(in French) Extraits des registres du Conseil Souverain de Pau, du Parlement de Navarre, et de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau XVIe et XVIIe siècles (suite et fin), publiés et annotés par M. A. de Defau de Maluquer. Tome, 35, p. 59, f° 195
^(in French) Nicolas de Bordenave, Histoire de Béarn et de Navarre (1517-1572), Chez Madame veuve Jules Renouard, Paris, 1873, p 291
A. Communay, Les Gascons dans les armées françaises, p. 493-494, Revue de l'Agenais, 1894, volume 21
Le Roux, Nicolas (2001). La faveur du roi : mignons et courtisans au temps des derniers Valois (in French). Champ Vallon. ISBN978-2-87673-311-4.
Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de Courcelles, Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France, volume 7, p. 80-86, Paris, 1826
SSLAP - Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau: Bulletin de la Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de Pau, Extraits des registres du Conseil Souverain de Pau, du Parlement de Navarre, et de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau XVIe et XVIIe siècles (suite et fin), publiés et annotés par M. A. de Defau de Maluquer., 2nd series, volume 35, Pau 1907, p. 1-209
October 19, 2023
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Antoine I de Gramont news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Antoine I d Aure de Gramont viscount of Aure count of Guiche sovereign lord of Bidache 1526 8 December 1576 was a French courtier and general He served as gentleman in ordinary to the king s chamber from 1559 to 1564 serving Henry II Francis II and Charles IX in that role Antoine I de GramontBorn1526 1526 Died8 December 1576 aged 49 50 BidacheAllegianceKingdom of FranceRankCommander of the regiment colonel in the Protestant Army in GuyenneCommands heldLieutenant General to the Queen of NavarreBattles wars1st French War of Religion Siege of Calais AwardsKnight of the Order of Saint Michael Contents 1 Life 2 Marriage and issue 3 References 4 Bibliography in French Life EditAntoine was the son of Menaud d Aure d Aster c 1485 1534 and Claire de Gramont c 1500 c 1527 daughter and heir of Francois de Gramont and Catherine d Andouins Menaud was himself son of Jean d Aure and Jeanne Isabeau de Foix Grailly Menaud and Claire s marriage contract signed at Bidache on 23 November 1525 specified that any children born of the marriage should bear the name of Gramont Antoine s first post came in 1538 as mayor and captain of Bayonne followed by counsellor of state and captain of gendarmes in 1549 Antoine distinguished himself commanding an infantry company equipped at his own cost the capture of Calais in 1558 and the conquest of the Boulonnais and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Michael He was in great favour at prince de Conde s court linked to the prince as he was through his wife Antoine became a Protestant in order to serve at the court of Jeanne d Albret Queen of Navarre becoming one of the main leaders of the Protestant faction in what is now south west France Antoine became the queen s lieutenant general in Navarre and Bearn on 22 March 1563 with his estates of Gramont and Guiche promoted to counties in December that year 1 He tried to introduce Calvinism to Basse Navarre and established preachers at Saint Palais Antoine also commanded the 6 000 strong Protestant regiment colonel in Guyenne all old soldiers from Gascony as good as any other according to Brantome It was divided into three corps of 2 000 men each with the lords of Montamat La Lande and Bahus as their mestres de camp most notably Bernard d Astarac baron of Montamat who was made a lieutenant general by the queen of Navarre at the same time as Bernard baron of Arros 2 During the First French War of Religion Antoine took part in the pillaging of Poitiers and Angouleme the capture of Orleans and Bourges the blockade of Paris and the Battle of Dreux His regiment was disbanded on 19 March 1563 to comply with the declarations of the Peace of Amboise Charles IX sent an army against Bearn under Antoine de Lomagne baron of Terride in 1569 during which Antoine de Gramont retired to Bidache since he was unable to resist it 3 After the count of Montgomery s capture of Orthez Antoine de Gramont met him but was unable to come to an agreement regarding the lieutenant generalcy of Navarre and so retired to his chateau 4 He was present at Henry of Navarre s marriage to Marguerite de Valois in Paris and Charles IX put him under his protection thus saving him from the St Bartholomew s Day massacre He renounced Protestantism and remained a Catholic until his death Antoine entered the service of the King of France in October 1572 and was made governor of Navarre and Bearn contrary to the wishes of the King of Navarre On 17 April 1573 he and his son Philibert were captured by the Protestant forces whilst on their way to Dax to parley with the Protestant captain Bernard d Arros fr This perturbed the Duke of Anjou and Charles IX with Charles demanding that those responsible be punished As the situation developed Gramont communicated directly with the Duke of Anjou insisting in his letters that he had remained loyal During the following troubles which followed he played a rather reduced role as described by his contemporary Nicolas de Bordenave c 1530 1601 historian of the House of Navarre 5 He was granted the title of Prince of Bidache in 1570 Marriage and issue Edit nbsp School of Jean Clouet Portrait of Helene de ClermontBy a marriage contract dated 29 September 1549 Antoine was married to Helene de Clermont 6 daughter of Francois de Clermont Lord of Traves and his wife Anne Gouffier daughter of Artus Gouffier de Boisy In 1530 she had become a lady in waiting to Eleanor of Habsburg The couple had Philibert I de Gramont 1552 11 July 1580 count of Guiche viscount of Aster baron of Gramont sovereign lord of Bidache on 7 August 1567 married Diane d Andouins 1554 1621 nicknamed Corisande 6 he was later made seneschal of Bearn had issue Antoine II de Gramont c 1572 1644 viceroy of Navarre made a duke and a peer by Louis XIV on 13 December 1643 had issue Antoine III of Gramont Catherine de Gramont Theophile de Gramont 1597 married Charlotte de Clermont Jean Antoine de Gramont Marguerite de Gramont married Jean de Durfort died February 1587 viscount of Duras son of Symphorien de Duras Claire Suzanne de Gramont in March 1595 married Henri des Prez or des Pres died 1619 References Edit in French Extraits des registres du Conseil Souverain de Pau du Parlement de Navarre et de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau XVIe et XVIIe siecles suite et fin publies et annotes par M A de Defau de Maluquer Tome 35 p 59 f 195 in French Nicolas de Bordenave Histoire de Bearn et de Navarre 1517 1572 Chez Madame veuve Jules Renouard Paris 1873 p 291 Nicolas de Bordenave p 200 Nicolas de Bordenave p 276 277 data BnF Nicolas de Bordenave 1530 1601 a b Le Roux 2001 p 235 Bibliography in French EditA Communay Les Gascons dans les armees francaises p 493 494 Revue de l Agenais 1894 volume 21 Le Roux Nicolas 2001 La faveur du roi mignons et courtisans au temps des derniers Valois in French Champ Vallon ISBN 978 2 87673 311 4 Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de Courcelles Histoire genealogique et heraldique des pairs de France volume 7 p 80 86 Paris 1826 SSLAP Societe des Sciences Lettres et Arts de Pau Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Lettres et Arts de Pau Extraits des registres du Conseil Souverain de Pau du Parlement de Navarre et de la Chambre des Comptes de Pau XVIe et XVIIe siecles suite et fin publies et annotes par M A de Defau de Maluquer 2nd series volume 35 Pau 1907 p 1 209 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antoine I de Gramont amp oldid 1144621850, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
