Antoine de Gramont, 2nd Duke of Gramont,comte de Guiche,comte de Gramont,comte de Louvigny,Souverain de Bidache (Antoine Agénor; 1604, Chateau d'Hagetmau – 12 July 1678, Bayonne) was a French military commander and diplomat. He served as Marshal of France from 1641, Viceroy of Navarre and Béarn, and Governor of Bayonne.
Antoine de Gramont came from an old southern French noble family. His father was Antoine II de Gramont, and his mother was Louise de Roquelaure (d. 1610), daughter of Marshal Roquelaure (1544–1625). He had a younger half-brother, Philibert de Gramont, from their father's second marriage to Claude de Montmorency.
Gramont was a loyal supporter of Richelieu. It is said that he once toasted to Richelieu saying that the cardinal was more important to him than the king and the entire royal family.
His memoirs ("Mémoires du maréchal de Gramont", Paris 1716) were published by his son Antoine Charles IV de Gramont.
In literatureEdit
As the Comte de Guiche, he is a major character in Edmond Rostand's 1897 play Cyrano de Bergerac, where he is depicted at first as vain, lustful, and opportunistic. He is infatuated with Roxane, the heroine of the play, and tries to arrange her marriage to the Vicomte de Valvert as a "front" in order that he (the Count) may become her secret lover. When Cyrano kills Valvert in a duel, De Guiche becomes more open in his desires and tries to arrange his own marriage to her. After he is thwarted by Cyrano long enough for her to be able to marry her sweetheart Christian de Neuvillette, he vengefully sends both Christian and Cyrano to do battle at the 1640 Siege of Arras, in which Christian is killed. At Arras, however, de Guiche shows gallantry toward Roxane and a willingness to sacrifice his life to protect her after she arrives at the battlements. In doing this, he wins Cyrano's respect, and later becomes one of his most loyal friends. He is last seen warning Roxane of a plot to kill Cyrano - a plot which unfortunately succeeds.[2]
Henriette Catherine de Gramont, married Alexandre de Canonville, Marquis of Raffetot.
Royal originEdit
According to Count Philibert de Gramont, their father, Antoine II de Gramont, viceroy of Navarre, was assumed to be a bastard child of king Henry IV by Diane d'Andoins, knowns as "La Belle Corisande". This has been challenged by some modern historians.[3]
LiteratureEdit
W. H. Lewis: Assault on Olympus; the rise of the House of Gramont between 1604 and 1678. New York, Harcourt, Brace (1958)
ReferencesEdit
^Daniel Coit Gilman; Harry Thurston Peck; Frank Moore Colby, eds. (1906). The New international encyclopaedia. Vol. 9. Dodd, Mead and company.
^"Roxane et les autres : Antoine de Gramont, Comte de Guiche - CYRANO DE BERGERAC : Toute l information sur cyrano (S) de bergerac, personnage de Edmond de Rostand".
^Raymond Ritter (French article) in Une dame de chevalerie, Corisande d'Andoins, comtesse de Guiche (A lady of chivalry, Corisande of Andoins, Countess of Guiche) (1959) shows that this was her son by Philibert, and her affair with the king was childless. Diane's sister-in-law, Catherine, Countess of Lauzun, was the grandmother of the first Duke of Lauzun, the secret husband of la Grande Mademoiselle.
antoine, gramont, duke, gramont, comte, guiche, comte, gramont, comte, louvigny, souverain, bidache, antoine, agénor, 1604, chateau, hagetmau, july, 1678, bayonne, french, military, commander, diplomat, served, marshal, france, from, 1641, viceroy, navarre, bé. Antoine de Gramont 2nd Duke of Gramont comte de Guiche comte de Gramont comte de Louvigny Souverain de Bidache Antoine Agenor 1604 Chateau d Hagetmau 12 July 1678 Bayonne was a French military commander and diplomat He served as Marshal of France from 1641 Viceroy of Navarre and Bearn and Governor of Bayonne Antoine de Gramont2nd Duke of GramontAntoine Duke of GramontBorn1604Chateau d HagetmauDied 1678 07 12 12 July 1678BayonneNoble familyGramontSpouse s Francoise Marguerite du PlessisIssueGuy Armand Count of GuicheCatherine Charlotte Princess of MonacoAntoine Charles 3rd Duke of GramontHenriette Catherine Marquise of RaffetotFatherAntoine II de GramontMotherLouise de Roquelaure Contents 1 Life and career 2 In literature 3 Family 4 Royal origin 5 Literature 6 References 7 External linksLife and career EditAntoine de Gramont came from an old southern French noble family His father was Antoine II de Gramont and his mother was Louise de Roquelaure d 1610 daughter of Marshal Roquelaure 1544 1625 He had a younger half brother Philibert de Gramont from their father s second marriage to Claude de Montmorency Gramont was a loyal supporter of Richelieu It is said that he once toasted to Richelieu saying that the cardinal was more important to him than the king and the entire royal family Gramont took part in many battles of the Thirty Years War was promoted to Marshal of France on 22 September 1641 and obtained the title of Duke of Gramont in 1648 for himself and his heirs He became minister in 1653 ambassador to the Reichstag in Frankfurt am Main in 1657 and was sent to Spain in 1660 to ask the hand in marriage of Maria Theresa of Austria Infanta of Spain for Louis XIV He died in 1678 1 His memoirs Memoires du marechal de Gramont Paris 1716 were published by his son Antoine Charles IV de Gramont In literature EditAs the Comte de Guiche he is a major character in Edmond Rostand s 1897 play Cyrano de Bergerac where he is depicted at first as vain lustful and opportunistic He is infatuated with Roxane the heroine of the play and tries to arrange her marriage to the Vicomte de Valvert as a front in order that he the Count may become her secret lover When Cyrano kills Valvert in a duel De Guiche becomes more open in his desires and tries to arrange his own marriage to her After he is thwarted by Cyrano long enough for her to be able to marry her sweetheart Christian de Neuvillette he vengefully sends both Christian and Cyrano to do battle at the 1640 Siege of Arras in which Christian is killed At Arras however de Guiche shows gallantry toward Roxane and a willingness to sacrifice his life to protect her after she arrives at the battlements In doing this he wins Cyrano s respect and later becomes one of his most loyal friends He is last seen warning Roxane of a plot to kill Cyrano a plot which unfortunately succeeds 2 Family EditHis younger half brother was Philibert comte de Gramont 1621 1707 renowned for his memoirs describing the love affairs of the English court of Charles II edited by Antoine Hamilton In 1634 he married Cardinal Richelieu s niece Francoise Marguerite du Plessis 1608 1689 They had four children Guy Armand de Gramont Count of Guiche 1637 29 November 1673 rumoured lover of both Philippe I Duke of Orleans and his wife Henrietta of England Duchess of Orleans Predeceased his father and is thus known to history by the subsidiary title of Count of Guiche Catherine Charlotte de Gramont 1639 1678 Princess of Monaco by marriage and mistress of Louis XIV of France Antoine Charles de Gramont 3rd Duke of Gramont 1641 1720 Viceroy of Navarre succeeded his father as Duke of Gramont etc Henriette Catherine de Gramont married Alexandre de Canonville Marquis of Raffetot Royal origin EditAccording to Count Philibert de Gramont their father Antoine II de Gramont viceroy of Navarre was assumed to be a bastard child of king Henry IV by Diane d Andoins knowns as La Belle Corisande This has been challenged by some modern historians 3 Literature EditW H Lewis Assault on Olympus the rise of the House of Gramont between 1604 and 1678 New York Harcourt Brace 1958 References Edit Daniel Coit Gilman Harry Thurston Peck Frank Moore Colby eds 1906 The New international encyclopaedia Vol 9 Dodd Mead and company Roxane et les autres Antoine de Gramont Comte de Guiche CYRANO DE BERGERAC Toute l information sur cyrano S de bergerac personnage de Edmond de Rostand Raymond Ritter French article in Une dame de chevalerie Corisande d Andoins comtesse de Guiche A lady of chivalry Corisande of Andoins Countess of Guiche 1959 shows that this was her son by Philibert and her affair with the king was childless Diane s sister in law Catherine Countess of Lauzun was the grandmother of the first Duke of Lauzun the secret husband of la Grande Mademoiselle External links Edithttps web archive org web 20070905194034 http www portraits gramont com French nobilityPreceded byAntoine II 2nd Duke of Gramont1648 1678 Succeeded byAntoine IV Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Antoine de Gramont 2nd Duke of Gramont amp oldid 1177227357, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
