Anita Pollitzer
Anita Lily Pollitzer (October 31, 1894 – July 3, 1975) was an American photographer and suffragist.
Anita Pollitzer | |
|---|---|
| Born | October 31, 1894 Charleston, South Carolina |
| Died | July 3, 1975 (aged 80) New York City |
| Nationality | American |
| Known for | Photography |
| Spouse | Elie Charlier Edson (m. 1928) |
Early life and education edit
Anita Lily Pollitzer was born October 31, 1894, in Charleston, South Carolina.[1][2] Her parents were Clara Guinzburg Pollitzer, the daughter of an immigrant rabbi from Prague,[2] and Gustave Pollitzer, who ran a cotton company at Charleston, South Carolina.[2] She had two sisters, Carrie (b. December 1881) and Mabel (b. January 1885) and a brother, Richard (b. October 1883).[3]
Anita was raised Jewish and, as a young woman, taught Sabbath school in Charleston at Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim. She was later a "nonobservant" Jew and relied upon her own personal strength, rather than reliance on religion. In response to her sister Mabel, who said in prayer, "God gave me mountains to climb and the strength to climb them," Anita's response was, "I don’t want God to give me mountains to climb…I want to find my own."[4]
Anita graduated from Memminger High School in 1913 and left Charleston to study art at Teachers College, Columbia University.[1][4]
Career edit
Artist edit
Pollitzer "gained recognition for her close friendship with Georgia O'Keeffe", whom she met at Columbia University.[1] They lived together for several years, and corresponded with each other. O'Keeffe mailed a set of charcoal drawings she made in 1915 to Pollitzer, who took them to Alfred Stieglitz at his 291 gallery early in 1916. Stieglitz found them to be the "purest, finest, sincerest things that had entered 291 in a long while", and in April, Stieglitz exhibited ten of her drawings at 291.[5][6] This was the beginning of one of the most significant relationships among artists in the 20th century;[1] Stieglitz promoted her career and later married O'Keeffe.[7]
Pollitzer wrote a book entitled A Woman on Paper: Georgia O'Keeffe that contained letters that she exchanged with O'Keeffe since they attended Columbia University. The memoir not only contains her affection and love for O'Keeffe, but also anecdotes, family stories, and excerpts from their early letters. The early letters shared between the two mentioned questions of art and life and questions about the future. They remained friends until Pollitzer's death. Lynne Bundesen, who wrote a review of the book for The New York Times, said "it is a book that tells you that the voices of the most independent, far-seeing women of the times, the pioneers of women's rights and visions talked to each other as gushing, enthusiastic, eager and confused schoolgirls straight out of the Victorian era—as they may not have talked with their men." The book was published in 1988.[7]
Suffragist edit
Pollitzer was instrumental in the passage of the 19th Amendment.[how?] After it was ratified, Anita worked to encourage the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment, which was first presented to Congress by Alice Paul in 1923.[4]
In 1926, Anita represented South Carolina at the International Feminists Conference (also known as International Alliance of Women and International Woman Suffrage Alliance) in Paris.[4]
Throughout her time as a suffragist, Anita Pollitzer was in contact with many prominent figures, including Amelia Earhart and Eleanor Roosevelt.[4]
Anita Pollitzer held positions of leadership in the National Woman's Party serving as National Chairman from 1945 until 1949.[1]
Personal life edit
On December 29, 1928, she married Elie Charlier Edson,[4][8] Pete Seeger's uncle.[9] Pollitzer died on July 3, 1975, in New York City.[1]
In media edit
In 2021, PBS ran a special titled SC Suffragists: Clubwomen, The Pollitzer Sisters, and the Vote, which was in part about Anita.[10]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Nelson, Jennifer (1 March 2009). "Anita Pollitzer". Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ a b c "Anita Pollitzer (1894-1975): Officer and Organizer for Woman Suffrage". AmericanCivilWar.com. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ "Anita Pollitzer, Charleston Ward 4, Charleston, South Carolina", U.S. Federal Census, Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1900 – via ancestry.com
- ^ a b c d e f . The Pollitzer Family of South Carolina. Lowcountry Digital Initiative. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2015.
- ^ Roberts, Norma J., ed. (1988), The American Collections, Columbus Museum of Art, p. 76, ISBN 0-8109-1811-0
- ^ "Georgia O'Keeffe". Biography Channel. A&E Television Networks. August 26, 2016. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
- ^ a b Lynne Bundesen (September 4, 1988). "The Memoir of a Legendary Friendship —A Woman on Paper — Georgia O'Keeffe by Anita Pollitzer". The New York Times. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
- ^ "Wedding Announcement Anita Pollitzer and Elie Edson". Chicago Tribune. 1928-12-30. p. 10. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ^ "Anita Pollitzer and Elie Edson - Lowcountry Digital Library Catalog Search". lcdl.library.cofc.edu. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
- ^ SCETV Specials | SC Suffragists: The Pollitzer Sisters | PBS, retrieved 2023-06-28
External links edit
- Anita Pollitzer, Library of Congress
- Anita Pollitzer biography 2010-06-03 at the Wayback Machine and papers 2010-06-03 at the Wayback Machine, University of South Carolina Library
- Anita Pollitzer Family Papers at South Carolina Historical Society
- Oral History Interviews with Mabel Pollitzer, Anita Pollitzer's sister [1] and [2] from Oral Histories of the American South