Anatoly Lukyanov
Anatoly Ivanovich Lukyanov (Russian: Анатолий Иванович Лукьянов, 7 May 1930 – 9 January 2019) was a Russian Communist politician who was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR between 15 March 1990 and 4 September 1991. One of the founders of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) in 1993, he was described by its leader Gennady Zyuganov as having been the Deng Xiaoping of the party.[1] He published books of poetry under his own name and under the pseudonyms Osenev (Осенев) and Dneprov (Днепров).[2]
Anatoly Lukyanov | |
|---|---|
Анатолий Лукьянов | |
| Member of the State Duma | |
| In office 11 January 1994 – 29 December 2003 | |
| Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 15 March 1990 – 4 September 1991 | |
| President | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Preceded by | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Succeeded by | Office abolished |
| First Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union | |
| In office 1 October 1988 – 15 March 1990 | |
| President | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Preceded by | Pyotr Demichev |
| Succeeded by | Gennady Yanayev (as vice president) |
| Head of the General Department of the Central Committee | |
| In office 24 May 1985 – 17 January 1987 | |
| Preceded by | Klavdii Bogolyubov |
| Succeeded by | Valery Boldin |
| Candidate member of the 27th Politburo | |
| In office 30 September 1988 – 14 July 1990 | |
| Member of the 27th Secretariat | |
| In office 28 January 1987 – 30 September 1988 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 May 1930 Smolensk, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | 9 January 2019 (aged 88) Moscow, Russia |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Russian Federation (1993-2019) |
| Other political affiliations | Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953-1991) |
Lukyanov was an early political ally of Mikhail Gorbachev, supporting his efforts in issues such as the fight against corruption and the start of reforms in the economy. However, beginning in 1987–1988, he increasingly sympathized with the party establishment, correctly foreseeing that Gorbachev's policies would lead to the Soviet collapse.[3][4]
Early life edit
Lukyanov was born in Smolensk on 7 May 1930, the son of a Red Army officer who was killed in action during World War II.[5] He graduated from the Law School of the Moscow State University in 1953, while also being a member of the Communist Youth League (Komsomol).[3][6] During his years in law school, he befriended Mikhail Gorbachev, who was also studying there at the time, becoming an early political ally of the future leader.[6] He went on to earn a post-graduate degree in Constitutional Law and a PhD in Public Law.
Early career edit
From 1956 to 1961 Lukyanov worked as a legal adviser at the Legal Commission of the Soviet Council of Ministers.[7] He later was an adviser on legislation-drafting at the Supreme Soviet and worked on constitutional law issues at the Central Committee.[4] He also served as a constitutional adviser to the governments of the Polish People's Republic and the Hungarian People's Republic.[8] All the while he benefited from being constantly based in Moscow, at the center of government.[6]
Political career edit
In 1975-77 he worked on drafting the 1977 Soviet Constitution, which replaced the 1936 Soviet Constitution. From 1977 till 1983 he was Chief of the Secretariat of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union.[9] He was also a leading member of the powerful Central Auditing Commission.[10] Lukyanov was a secretary of the CPSU Central Committee from January 1987 and a candidate member of the Politburo from September 1988.[11]
Lukyanov was elected vice-chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in March 1989, and chairman the following year.[11] In 1991, Ivan Silayev accused him of being the leading force behind the Soviet coup attempt of 1991.[12] Lukyanov was arrested on 29 August 1991, and held for fifteen months on charges of conspiracy.[13] On September 4, he was relieved of his post as speaker of the union parliament.[14] Throughout the investigation, Lukyanov denied complicity.[15]
Lukyanov was the Chairman of the Central Advisory Council of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, and the senior adviser to party leader Gennady Zyuganov, since co-founding the party in 1993.[16][17]
Lukyanov was elected as a deputy to the first three State Dumas of the Russian Federation (1993, 1995 and 1999).[18] His last political position was as Chairman of the Duma Committee on Constitutional Law.[19] He did not participate in the elections of 2003 and instead became a board member of the company OEG Petroservis.[20]
Death edit
Lukyanov was found dead in his Moscow home on 9 January 2019, at the age of 88, after suffering from an unspecified illness.[21] He was buried at Troyekurovskoye Cemetery in Moscow on 11 January.[22]
Legacy edit
The Lukyanov Doctrine in Russian academic parlance may bear a striking resemblance to the Karaganov Doctrine.[23]
References edit
- ^ Gardels, Nathan (1997). The Changing Global Order: World Leaders Reflect. Blackwell Publishing. p. 112. ISBN 1-57718-072-0.
- ^ "Поэты МГУ". from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Lukyanov, Gorbachev's college buddy, may be coup mastermind". UPI. from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ a b "Anatoly Lukyanov Dies At Age 88, Was Imprisoned After Failed August 1991 Soviet Coup". RFERL.org. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "Сайт Конституции Российской Федерации". from the original on 17 September 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
- ^ a b c The Deal Is Already Done For Gorbachev's Coup Book, The New York Times, 4 October 1991 p. 1D
- ^ "In Russia died a close associate of Gorbachev Lukyanov". 24-my info. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ McFaul, Michael (2002). Russia's Unfinished Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev to Putin. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0801488141. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ Hough, Jerry F. (May 1997). Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985-91. Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815791496. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "New Times". Trud. May 1989. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ a b Anatoly Lukyanov, In the Maelstrom of the Russian Troubles (Moscow: Kniga i Biznes, 1999), 3.
- ^ Soviet Turmoil; The Soviet Coup and Its Aftermath: A Recap, in The New York Times, 25 August 1991, p. 16
- ^ Russia Coup Trial Is Yielding A Maze, in The New York Times, 21 August 1992, p. 3
- ^ Постановление Съезда народных депутатов СССР от 4 сентября 1991 г. N 2389-I «Об освобождении А. И. Лукьянова от обязанностей Председателя Верховного Совета СССР»
- ^ Anatoly Lukyanov, In the Maelstrom of the Russian Troubles 4.
- ^ Muse of Anti-Yeltsin Forces: He Is Feared, Never Ignored, in The New York Times, 2 May 1996
- ^ Лукьянов будет похоронен на Троекуровском кладбище в Москвe
- ^ "What Happened To The August 1991 Soviet Coup Plotters?". RFERL. from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "Constitutional Reform as a Struggle for Power". Departments Bucknell. from the original on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
- ^ (in Russian)
- ^ Умер последний председатель Верховного совета СССР Анатолий Лукьянов 9 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Лукьянов будет похоронен на Троекуровском кладбище в Москве (in Russian)
- ^ Gretskiy, Igor (Fall 2019). "Lukyanov Doctrine: Conceptual Origins of Russia's Hybrid Foreign Policy—The Case of Ukraine". Saint Louis University Law Journal. 64 (1).
External links edit
- (in Russian)
- Biography (in Russian)
- (in Russian)