Abu Uthman Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan al-Umawi (Arabic: أَبُو عُثْمَانُ عَمْرِو بْنُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّان الأُمَوِيّ, romanized: Abū ʿUthmān ʿAmr ibn ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān al-Umawī) was a son of Caliph Uthman and played political and military roles during the caliphates of Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), Yazid I (r. 680–683) and Marwan I (r. 684–685).
Amr was a son of Caliph Uthman (r. 644–656) from the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe and his wife Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr of the Daws clan of the Azd tribe.[1] He was born during the rule of Uthman's predecessor, Caliph Umar (r. 634–644).[2] Biographical details about Amr are often confused in the traditional Islamic sources with Amr's full brother Umar.[3] The historian al-Baladhuri (d. 892) asserts that Amr was Uthman's eldest son to have survived the caliph, who was killed in 656, and the historian Mus'ab al-Zubayri (d. 851) holds that Amr was the eldest of Uthman's sons to leave descendants,[4][5] while the historians Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (d. 1492) and al-Qalqashandi (d. 1418) attribute both facts to Umar.[4] Al-Zubayri further relates that Uthman privately named Amr as the second-in-line to succeed him as caliph after the leading companion of Muhammad, al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Amr was relegated to second-in-line because of his young age at the time. According to the modern historian Wilferd Madelung, this testament by Uthman most likely occurred during his illness in the year 644/45 and was discarded as soon as Uthman regained his health.[6]
During the rule of the Damascus-based Caliph Mu'awiya I (r. 661–680), founder of the Umayyad Caliphate, Amr married his daughter Ramla and they lived in Medina, the former capital of Amr's father.[7] Amr and Mu'awiya likely maintained friendly ties for much of the caliph's reign, but latent tension may have developed between them due to Mu'awiya's suspicions of Amr's ambitions for the caliphate and the influence of their Umayyad kinsman Marwan ibn al-Hakam over Amr to pursue the caliphate.[7] The modern historian Asad Q. Ahmed views these claims as difficult to "verify or refute".[8] Amr's role in the Battle of al-Harra in 683 between the Syrian army of Mu'awiya's son and successor Yazid I (r. 680–683) and the people of Medina who declared rebellion against the caliph is inconsistently reported in the traditional sources: al-Baladhuri holds that Amr fought alongside the Medinese and was consequently castigated and flogged by the victorious Syrian general Muslim ibn Uqba; Awana ibn al-Hakam holds that Amr was not expelled with the rest of the Umayyads of Medina, remained in the city and was punished by Ibn Uqba; while Abu Mikhnaf claims Amr was expelled with the Umayyads but refused to divulge intelligence about Medina's defenses as requested by Ibn Uqba.[9]
After Marwan, who had been expelled from Medina in 683, was elected caliph by the Syrian loyalists of the Umayyads in 684, Amr refused to recognize his caliphate.[10] Nonetheless, there was apparently close ties between Amr and Marwan's household; Amr or Umar was married to Marwan's niece Umm Kulthum bint al-Harith ibn al-Hakam[10] and married off his own daughter Umm Ayyub to Marwan's son and successor Caliph Abd al-Malik (r. 685–705).[11] Amr continued to live in the Hejaz and died in Mina.[10]
Descendantsedit
From his marriage to Ramla, Amr had two sons, Uthman and Khalid. The former died childless, while Khalid became a dignitary of Medina with several descendants who forged strong marital, political and economic links with the rest of the Umayyad clan in Syria and Medina.[10] Amr had a son named Umar from a slave woman; though there is scant mention of Umar in the historical record, his son Abd Allah al-Arji became a well-known Umayyad poet in Medina, fought in the anti-Byzantine campaigns of the Umayyad general Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, was imprisoned for wine drinking and died in a Medina jail during the reign of Caliph Hisham.[12]
Ahmed, Asad Q. (2010). The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijāz: Five Prosopographical Case Studies. Oxford: University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research. ISBN978-1-900934-13-8.
Madelung, Wilferd (1997). The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN0-521-56181-7.
January 01, 1970
uthman, uthman, affan, umawi, arabic, ان, ان, ان, الأ, romanized, abū, ʿuthmān, ʿamr, ʿuthmān, ʿaffān, umawī, caliph, uthman, played, political, military, roles, during, caliphates, awiya, yazid, marwan, ان, bornc, 630medina, hejaz, arabiadiedmina, mecca, heja. Abu Uthman Amr ibn Uthman ibn Affan al Umawi Arabic أ ب و ع ث م ان ع م ر و ب ن ع ث م ان ب ن ع ف ان الأ م و ي romanized Abu ʿUthman ʿAmr ibn ʿUthman ibn ʿAffan al Umawi was a son of Caliph Uthman and played political and military roles during the caliphates of Mu awiya I r 661 680 Yazid I r 680 683 and Marwan I r 684 685 Amr ibn Uthmanع م ر و ب ن ع ث م ان Bornc 630Medina Hejaz ArabiaDiedMina Mecca HejazSpousesRamla bint Mu awiya ibn Abi Sufyan Hafsa bint Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn al KhattabChildrenUthman al Akbar Khalid Abd Allah al Arji Umar Uthman al Asghar Al Mughira Abu Bakr Al Walid Abd Allah Umm Ayyub Umm Sa id A ishaParentsUthman father Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr al Dawsiyya mother RelativesBanu Umayya clan Contents 1 Life 2 Descendants 3 References 4 BibliographyLife editAmr was a son of Caliph Uthman r 644 656 from the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe and his wife Umm Amr bint Jundab ibn Amr of the Daws clan of the Azd tribe 1 He was born during the rule of Uthman s predecessor Caliph Umar r 634 644 2 Biographical details about Amr are often confused in the traditional Islamic sources with Amr s full brother Umar 3 The historian al Baladhuri d 892 asserts that Amr was Uthman s eldest son to have survived the caliph who was killed in 656 and the historian Mus ab al Zubayri d 851 holds that Amr was the eldest of Uthman s sons to leave descendants 4 5 while the historians Ibn Hajar al Asqalani d 1492 and al Qalqashandi d 1418 attribute both facts to Umar 4 Al Zubayri further relates that Uthman privately named Amr as the second in line to succeed him as caliph after the leading companion of Muhammad al Zubayr ibn al Awwam Amr was relegated to second in line because of his young age at the time According to the modern historian Wilferd Madelung this testament by Uthman most likely occurred during his illness in the year 644 45 and was discarded as soon as Uthman regained his health 6 During the rule of the Damascus based Caliph Mu awiya I r 661 680 founder of the Umayyad Caliphate Amr married his daughter Ramla and they lived in Medina the former capital of Amr s father 7 Amr and Mu awiya likely maintained friendly ties for much of the caliph s reign but latent tension may have developed between them due to Mu awiya s suspicions of Amr s ambitions for the caliphate and the influence of their Umayyad kinsman Marwan ibn al Hakam over Amr to pursue the caliphate 7 The modern historian Asad Q Ahmed views these claims as difficult to verify or refute 8 Amr s role in the Battle of al Harra in 683 between the Syrian army of Mu awiya s son and successor Yazid I r 680 683 and the people of Medina who declared rebellion against the caliph is inconsistently reported in the traditional sources al Baladhuri holds that Amr fought alongside the Medinese and was consequently castigated and flogged by the victorious Syrian general Muslim ibn Uqba Awana ibn al Hakam holds that Amr was not expelled with the rest of the Umayyads of Medina remained in the city and was punished by Ibn Uqba while Abu Mikhnaf claims Amr was expelled with the Umayyads but refused to divulge intelligence about Medina s defenses as requested by Ibn Uqba 9 After Marwan who had been expelled from Medina in 683 was elected caliph by the Syrian loyalists of the Umayyads in 684 Amr refused to recognize his caliphate 10 Nonetheless there was apparently close ties between Amr and Marwan s household Amr or Umar was married to Marwan s niece Umm Kulthum bint al Harith ibn al Hakam 10 and married off his own daughter Umm Ayyub to Marwan s son and successor Caliph Abd al Malik r 685 705 11 Amr continued to live in the Hejaz and died in Mina 10 Descendants editFrom his marriage to Ramla Amr had two sons Uthman and Khalid The former died childless while Khalid became a dignitary of Medina with several descendants who forged strong marital political and economic links with the rest of the Umayyad clan in Syria and Medina 10 Amr had a son named Umar from a slave woman though there is scant mention of Umar in the historical record his son Abd Allah al Arji became a well known Umayyad poet in Medina fought in the anti Byzantine campaigns of the Umayyad general Maslama ibn Abd al Malik was imprisoned for wine drinking and died in a Medina jail during the reign of Caliph Hisham 12 References edit Ahmed 2010 pp 115 116 Madelung 1997 p 88 Ahmed 2010 p 116 a b Ahmed 2010 p 116 note 612 Madelung 1997 p 88 note 46 Madelung 1997 p 88 89 a b Ahmed 2010 p 117 Ahmed 2010 p 117 note 622 Madelung 1997 p 89 note 49 a b c d Ahmed 2010 p 118 Ahmed 2010 p 116 note 613 Ahmed 2010 p 120 121 Bibliography editAhmed Asad Q 2010 The Religious Elite of the Early Islamic Ḥijaz Five Prosopographical Case Studies Oxford University of Oxford Linacre College Unit for Prosopographical Research ISBN 978 1 900934 13 8 Madelung Wilferd 1997 The Succession to Muhammad A Study of the Early Caliphate Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 56181 7 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amr ibn Uthman amp oldid 1201606748, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
