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Red Sea clownfish

August 26, 2023

The Red Sea Clownfish (Amphiprion bicinctus, meaning "both sawlike with two stripes"), commonly known as the Red Sea or two-banded anemonefish is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes.[2] Like other species of the genus, the fish feeds on algae and zooplankton in the wild.[3]

Red Sea clownfish
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Family: Pomacentridae
Genus: Amphiprion
Species:
A. bicinctus
Binomial name
Amphiprion bicinctus
Rüppell, 1830

Characteristics of Anemonefish Edit

Main article: Amphiprioninae (anemonefish)

Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that, in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see Amphiprioninae § Symbiosis and mutualism. The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone's meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators, and parasites.[4] Clownfish are small-sized, 10–18 centimetres (3.9–7.1 in), and depending on species, they are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches. Within species there may be color variations, most commonly according to distribution, but also based on sex, age and host anemone. Clownfish are found in warmer waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans and the Red Sea in sheltered reefs or in shallow lagoons.

In a group of clownfish, there is a strict dominance hierarchy. The largest and most aggressive fish is female and is found at the top. Only two clownfish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce through external fertilization. Clownfish are sequential hermaphrodites, meaning that they develop into males first, and when they mature, they become females.

Description Edit

The fish's body is yellow-orange to dark brown. As the name suggests, the two-banded anemonefish has two white bands or bars, with black edges. The head-bar considerably wider. They have 9-10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 15-17 dorsal soft rays and 13-14 anal soft rays.[2] Males grow to a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in), and females grow to a length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in).[3]

Color variation Edit

The principal variation is that the body can be yellow-orange to dark brown.[5]

Similar species Edit

A pattern of two white bars is common to species within the clarkii complex sub genus. The yellow caudal fin of A. bicinctus distinguishes it from all but A. latifasciatus and some variations of A. clarkii, however A. clarkii has a white base with a sharp demarcation between light and dark. A. latifasciatus has a much wider mid-body bar and forked caudal fin. The caudal fin on A. allardi and A. chagosensis is white or whitish.[5]

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    A. bicinctus (Two-band anemonefish)

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    A. clarkii (Clark's anemonefish) with a yellow tail & white base

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    A. latifasciatus (Madagascar anemonefish) showing the distinctive forked tail.

Distribution and Habitat Edit

The species is found in the Western Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, Socotra and the Chagos archipelago.[3][5][1]

Host anemones Edit

The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random, instead being highly nested in structure. A. bicinctus is generalist, being hosted by the following 5 species of anemones: [5]

Studies conducted in the northern Red Sea have demonstrated that A. bicinctus has a preference for E. quadricolor over H. crispa and sexually mature fish are rarely hosted by H. crispa.[6][7] In 2005, anemone density was found to affect whether H. crispa hosted anemonefish, with clusters of juvenile fish only found at low density sites, while either 1 or no juvenile anemonefish were found in H. crispa at the high density site. The authors theorised that H. crispa was a nursery anemone due to being unable to adequately protect adult anemonefish from predation, active emigration of fish to E. quadricolor and/or environmentally-controlled cessation of fish growth.[6] A subsequent study in 2012 tested the nursery theory and concluded that the sea anemone H. crispa was a less-preferred host than E. quadricolor, and that fish preference appeared to be the result of body size, morphology, and behavior of the host.[7]

Images Edit

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    Amphiprion bicinctus near Marsa Alam

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    Twoband anemonefish in the Red Sea

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    Amphiprion bicinctus in Gyrostoma

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    Pair of Red Sea Anemonefish

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Myers, R.; Rocha, L.A. & Allen, G. (2017). "Amphiprion bicinctus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T188320A1857510. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T188320A1857510.en.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2014). "Amphiprion bicinctus" in FishBase. November 2014 version.
  3. ^ a b c Lougher, Tristan (2006). What Fish?: A Buyer's Guide to Marine Fish. Interpet Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7641-3256-8.
  4. ^ "Clown Anemonefish". Nat Geo Wild : Animals. National Geographic Society. 10 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
  5. ^ a b c d Fautin, Daphne G.; Allen, Gerald R. (1992). Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7309-5216-9.
  6. ^ a b Chadwick, N. E.; Arvedlund, M. (2005). "Abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefish in the northern Red Sea". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 85 (5): 1287–1292. doi:10.1017/S0025315405012440. S2CID 53073578.
  7. ^ a b Huebner L.K.; Dailey, B.; Titus, B.M; Khalaf M.; Chadwick, N.E. (2012). "Host preference and habitat segregation among Red Sea anemonefish: effects of sea anemone traits and fish life stages" (PDF). Marine Ecology Progress Series. 464: 1–15. Bibcode:2012MEPS..464....1H. doi:10.3354/meps09964.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amphiprion bicinctus.
 
Wikispecies has information related to Amphiprion bicinctus.

August 26, 2023
clownfish, clownfish, amphiprion, bicinctus, meaning, both, sawlike, with, stripes, commonly, known, banded, anemonefish, marine, fish, belonging, family, pomacentridae, clownfishes, damselfishes, like, other, species, genus, fish, feeds, algae, zooplankton, w. The Red Sea Clownfish Amphiprion bicinctus meaning both sawlike with two stripes commonly known as the Red Sea or two banded anemonefish is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae the clownfishes and damselfishes 2 Like other species of the genus the fish feeds on algae and zooplankton in the wild 3 Red Sea clownfishConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass ActinopterygiiFamily PomacentridaeGenus AmphiprionSpecies A bicinctusBinomial nameAmphiprion bicinctusRuppell 1830 Contents 1 Characteristics of Anemonefish 2 Description 2 1 Color variation 2 2 Similar species 3 Distribution and Habitat 3 1 Host anemones 4 Images 5 References 6 External linksCharacteristics of Anemonefish EditMain article Amphiprioninae anemonefish Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that in the wild form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone see Amphiprioninae Symbiosis and mutualism The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone s meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles In return the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators and parasites 4 Clownfish are small sized 10 18 centimetres 3 9 7 1 in and depending on species they are overall yellow orange or a reddish or blackish color and many show white bars or patches Within species there may be color variations most commonly according to distribution but also based on sex age and host anemone Clownfish are found in warmer waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans and the Red Sea in sheltered reefs or in shallow lagoons In a group of clownfish there is a strict dominance hierarchy The largest and most aggressive fish is female and is found at the top Only two clownfish a male and a female in a group reproduce through external fertilization Clownfish are sequential hermaphrodites meaning that they develop into males first and when they mature they become females Description EditThe fish s body is yellow orange to dark brown As the name suggests the two banded anemonefish has two white bands or bars with black edges The head bar considerably wider They have 9 10 dorsal spines 2 anal spines 15 17 dorsal soft rays and 13 14 anal soft rays 2 Males grow to a length of 10 centimetres 3 9 in and females grow to a length of 14 centimetres 5 5 in 3 Color variation Edit The principal variation is that the body can be yellow orange to dark brown 5 Similar species Edit A pattern of two white bars is common to species within the clarkii complex sub genus The yellow caudal fin of A bicinctus distinguishes it from all but A latifasciatus and some variations of A clarkii however A clarkii has a white base with a sharp demarcation between light and dark A latifasciatus has a much wider mid body bar and forked caudal fin The caudal fin on A allardi and A chagosensis is white or whitish 5 A bicinctus Two band anemonefish A clarkii Clark s anemonefish with a yellow tail amp white base A latifasciatus Madagascar anemonefish showing the distinctive forked tail Distribution and Habitat EditThe species is found in the Western Indian Ocean the Red Sea Socotra and the Chagos archipelago 3 5 1 Host anemones Edit The relationship between anemonefish and their host sea anemones is not random instead being highly nested in structure A bicinctus is generalist being hosted by the following 5 species of anemones 5 Entacmaea quadricolor Bubble tip anemone Heteractis aurora white beaded anemone Heteractis crispa Sebae anemone Heteractis magnifica magnificent sea anemone Stichodactyla gigantea giant carpet anemoneStudies conducted in the northern Red Sea have demonstrated that A bicinctus has a preference for E quadricolor over H crispa and sexually mature fish are rarely hosted by H crispa 6 7 In 2005 anemone density was found to affect whether H crispa hosted anemonefish with clusters of juvenile fish only found at low density sites while either 1 or no juvenile anemonefish were found in H crispa at the high density site The authors theorised that H crispa was a nursery anemone due to being unable to adequately protect adult anemonefish from predation active emigration of fish to E quadricolor and or environmentally controlled cessation of fish growth 6 A subsequent study in 2012 tested the nursery theory and concluded that the sea anemone H crispa was a less preferred host than E quadricolor and that fish preference appeared to be the result of body size morphology and behavior of the host 7 Images Edit Amphiprion bicinctus near Marsa Alam Twoband anemonefish in the Red Sea Amphiprion bicinctus in Gyrostoma Pair of Red Sea AnemonefishReferences Edit a b Myers R Rocha L A amp Allen G 2017 Amphiprion bicinctus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 e T188320A1857510 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2017 2 RLTS T188320A1857510 en a b Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2014 Amphiprion bicinctus in FishBase November 2014 version a b c Lougher Tristan 2006 What Fish A Buyer s Guide to Marine Fish Interpet Publishing p 12 ISBN 978 0 7641 3256 8 Clown Anemonefish Nat Geo Wild Animals National Geographic Society 10 May 2011 Retrieved 2011 12 19 a b c d Fautin Daphne G Allen Gerald R 1992 Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones Western Australian Museum p 66 ISBN 978 0 7309 5216 9 a b Chadwick N E Arvedlund M 2005 Abundance of giant sea anemones and patterns of association with anemonefish in the northern Red Sea Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85 5 1287 1292 doi 10 1017 S0025315405012440 S2CID 53073578 a b Huebner L K Dailey B Titus B M Khalaf M Chadwick N E 2012 Host preference and habitat segregation among Red Sea anemonefish effects of sea anemone traits and fish life stages PDF Marine Ecology Progress Series 464 1 15 Bibcode 2012MEPS 464 1H doi 10 3354 meps09964 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amphiprion bicinctus Wikispecies has information related to Amphiprion bicinctus Amphiprion bicinctus Integrated Taxonomic Information System Amphiprion bicinctus Ruppell 1830 Retrieved through World Register of Marine Species Photos of Red Sea clownfish on Sealife Collection Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Red Sea clownfish amp oldid 1138538695, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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