Sclerophrys garmani, also known as Garman's toad or eastern olive toad (among others), is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is widely distributed in East and Southern Africa. However, populations north and south of Tanzania might represent distinct species. If so, the name Sclerophrys garmani would apply to populations from northeastern Africa. Furthermore, its southern boundary towards the range of Sclerophrys poweri in South Africa is also unclear.[1][2]
Males grow to 106 mm (4.2 in) and females to 115 mm (4.5 in) in snout–vent length. The tympanum is almost as big as the eye diameter. The parotoid glands are large. The back is tan to olive-brown and bears large paired markings edged with black. A thin vertebral stripe may be present. Dorsal skin has distinct warts that bear small, black spines. The ventrum is off-white.[4]
The range extends from Ethiopia and Somalia southward through Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, to South Africa and Eswatini and west to Namibia[1][2] and Angola.[2]
Habitatedit
Sclerophrys garmani in habits both arid and wooded savannas as well as agricultural areas at elevations below 2,000 m (6,600 ft). A Tanzanian population was found entirely in woodland areas. Breeding takes place in temporary water, sometimes also in artificial pools and rivers.[1]
Sclerophrys garmani is common in parts of its range. It can be threatened by habitat loss caused by human expansion, settlement, and agricultural encroachment. However, it is an adaptable species that is not seriously at risk. It is present in many protected areas.[1]
Referencesedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amietophrynus garmani.
^ abcdeIUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. (2016). "Sclerophrys garmani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T54649A107346310. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T54649A107346310.en. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
^ abcdFrost, Darrel R. (2021). "Sclerophrys garmani (Meek, 1897)". Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.1. American Museum of Natural History. doi:10.5531/db.vz.0001. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael & Grayson, Michael (2013). The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing. p. 76. ISBN978-1-907807-42-8.
^ abChanning, Allan & Rödel, Mark-Oliver (2019). Field Guide to the Frogs & other Amphibians of Africa. Cape Town: Struik Nature. pp. 62–63. ISBN978-1-77584-512-6.
April 18, 2024
sclerophrys, garmani, also, known, garman, toad, eastern, olive, toad, among, others, species, toad, family, bufonidae, widely, distributed, east, southern, africa, however, populations, north, south, tanzania, might, represent, distinct, species, name, would,. Sclerophrys garmani also known as Garman s toad or eastern olive toad among others is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae It is widely distributed in East and Southern Africa However populations north and south of Tanzania might represent distinct species If so the name Sclerophrys garmani would apply to populations from northeastern Africa Furthermore its southern boundary towards the range of Sclerophrys poweri in South Africa is also unclear 1 2 Sclerophrys garmani A garmani in Limpopo South Africa Conservation status Least Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Amphibia Order Anura Family Bufonidae Genus Sclerophrys Species S garmani Binomial name Sclerophrys garmani Meek 1897 Synonyms 2 Bufo garmani Meek 1897Amietophrynus garmani Meek 1897 Bufo regularis humbensis Monard 1937 1936 Bufo pseudogarmani Hulselmans 1969Bufo bisidanae Hulselmans 1977 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Description 3 Range 4 Habitat 5 ReferencesEtymology editThe specific name garmani honors Samuel Garman an American ichthyologist and herpetologist 3 Description editMales grow to 106 mm 4 2 in and females to 115 mm 4 5 in in snout vent length The tympanum is almost as big as the eye diameter The parotoid glands are large The back is tan to olive brown and bears large paired markings edged with black A thin vertebral stripe may be present Dorsal skin has distinct warts that bear small black spines The ventrum is off white 4 The male advertisement call is a loud low pitched kwaak lasting for about a second 4 Range editThe range extends from Ethiopia and Somalia southward through Kenya Tanzania Mozambique Zambia Zimbabwe Botswana to South Africa and Eswatini and west to Namibia 1 2 and Angola 2 Habitat editSclerophrys garmani in habits both arid and wooded savannas as well as agricultural areas at elevations below 2 000 m 6 600 ft A Tanzanian population was found entirely in woodland areas Breeding takes place in temporary water sometimes also in artificial pools and rivers 1 Sclerophrys garmani is common in parts of its range It can be threatened by habitat loss caused by human expansion settlement and agricultural encroachment However it is an adaptable species that is not seriously at risk It is present in many protected areas 1 References edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amietophrynus garmani a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group 2016 Sclerophrys garmani IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016 e T54649A107346310 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2016 3 RLTS T54649A107346310 en Retrieved 24 October 2021 a b c d Frost Darrel R 2021 Sclerophrys garmani Meek 1897 Amphibian Species of the World An Online Reference Version 6 1 American Museum of Natural History doi 10 5531 db vz 0001 Retrieved 25 October 2021 Beolens Bo Watkins Michael amp Grayson Michael 2013 The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians Pelagic Publishing p 76 ISBN 978 1 907807 42 8 a b Channing Allan amp Rodel Mark Oliver 2019 Field Guide to the Frogs amp other Amphibians of Africa Cape Town Struik Nature pp 62 63 ISBN 978 1 77584 512 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sclerophrys garmani amp oldid 1163222830, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
