1718 Guillaume Delisle map, showing locations of the Ioway (Aiouez au Pauotez), the Omaha (Maha), the Otoe (Octotata), and the Kaw (Cansez), and the main voyageur trail (Chemin des voyageurs).
The precontact Oneota culture may have included Chiwere language–speaking peoples. At the time of contact with European explorers, their range covered most of Iowa. The Ho-Chunk ranged primarily east of the Mississippi in southern Wisconsin, the Ioway/Baxoje ranged in northern Iowa, the Otoe in central and southern Iowa, and the Missouria in far southern Iowa.[5][6][7] All these tribes were also active during the historic period.
The Dhegihan Siouan peoples lived near the Missouri River in the very Late precontact and post-contact periods; they appear to have migrated to the region from the south or southeast. Their origin location is debated.[8][9]
Other Western Siouan language–speaking tribesedit
The following tribes also had an early presence in Iowa:
These may be descendants of the Mill Creek culture who flourished from 1100 to 1300 CE and whose territory extended into northwest Iowa.[2] Their territory was wide. The Lewis and Clark expedition reported on Mandan villages on the upper Missouri River.
The Dakota pushed southward into much of Iowa in the 18th and 19th centuries. They often encountered European-American settlers.[3] In 1840, the translator Isaac Galland noted several Dakota groups in or near Iowa, including Wahpekute, North Sisseton, South Sisseton, East Wahpetonwan, West Wahpetonwan, Yankton, and Mdewakantonwan.[10]
Post-contactedit
Caddoan speaking–tribesedit
Iowa, 1798, showing several tribes, including Pawnee (Panis/Panibousa), Iowa (Aiaouez/Aioureoua and Paoute/Paoutaoua), Dakota, and Omaha (Maha); approximate state highlighted.Mandan and Arikara delegation
These may descend from the Central Plains tradition cultures (ca. 1000–1780 CE) who lived in southwest Iowa, especially around the present-day Glenwood area. The Pawnee (Panis) are shown in southwest Iowa on a 1798 map, although they ranged primarily to the west.[2]
The encroachment of Europeans and long-term conflict among Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes in the east pushed many eastern tribes into the Midwest. Many Meskwaki remained in Iowa, even after Indian Removal in 1846. They established a recognized Settlement.[1][3]
Iroquoian speakersedit
The Wyandot (Huron) were Iroquoian speakers from the early post-contact period. Again, the encroachment of Europeans and the long-term conflict between Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes in the east pushed these tribes into the Midwest.[1][3]
The forced relocation of tribes in the 19th century from east of the Mississippi led to some eastern tribes living in and near Iowa. Their former territory had been around the Great Lakes.[1] Potawatomi Chief Sauganash founded the village that eventually grew into Council Bluffs.[12]
Southern Plains tribesedit
Plains Apache and Comanche traveled through the region from the 17th century to 19th century.[1]
^ abcdeFoster, Lance M. (2009). The Indians of Iowa. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. ISBN1-58729-817-1.
^ abcAlex, Lynn M. (2000). . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. ISBN978-0-87745-681-0. Archived from the original on 2009-11-20. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
^ abcdPeterson, Cynthia L. (2009). "Historical Tribes and Early Forts". In W.E. Whittaker (ed.). . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. pp. 12–29. ISBN1-58729-882-1. Archived from the original on 2009-08-05. Retrieved 2009-10-22.
^"Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa". Tribal Leaders Directory. U.S. Department of the Interior, Indian. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
^Mildred Mott (1938) "The Relation of Historic Indian Tribes to Archaeological Manifestations in Iowa", Iowa Journal of History and Politics 36:227-314.
^Late Prehistoric Oneota Population Movement into the Central Plains, by Lauren W. Ritterbush and Brad Logan. Plains Anthropologist Vol. 45, No. 173, pp. 257-272, 2000.
^"The Milford Site (13DK1): A Postcontact Oneota Village in Northwest Iowa", by Joseph A. Tiffany and Duane Anderson. Plains Anthropologist Vol. 38, No. 145, pp. 283-306, 1993.
^Susan C. Vehik, "Dhegiha Origins and Plains Archaeology", Plains Anthropologist Vol. 38, No. 146, pp. 231-52, 1996.
^Alfred E. Johnson, "Kansa Origins: An Alternative", Plains Anthropologist Vol. 36, no. 133, pp. 57-65, 1991.
^Isaac Galland, 1840, Galland's Iowa Emigrant: Containing a Map, and General Descriptions of Iowa Wm. Jones, Chillicothe
^ abWhittaker (2008): "Pierre-Jean De Smet’s Remarkable Map of the Missouri River Valley, 1839: What Did He See in Iowa?", Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 55:1-13.
^Lance M. Foster The Indians of Iowa 2009. Quote: "The most famous of these maps was presented by Chief No Heart in connection with the treaty of 1837. It showed clearly the antiquity of Ioway villages along most of Iowa's major rivers; the United States decided in favor of the claims of the more numerous and powerful Sioux, Sauk, and Meskwaki."
External linksedit
Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa, official website
native, american, tribes, iowa, several, native, american, tribes, hold, have, held, territory, within, lands, that, state, iowa, 1718, guillaume, delisle, showing, locations, ioway, aiouez, pauotez, omaha, maha, otoe, octotata, cansez, main, voyageur, trail, . Several Native American tribes hold or have held territory within the lands that are now the state of Iowa 1 2 3 1718 Guillaume Delisle map showing locations of the Ioway Aiouez au Pauotez the Omaha Maha the Otoe Octotata and the Kaw Cansez and the main voyageur trail Chemin des voyageurs Iowa defined by the Missouri River and Big Sioux River on the west and Mississippi River on the east marks a shift from the Central Plains and the Eastern Woodlands It fits within the Prairie cultural region however this region is seldom used and the region is more commonly split between Great Plains and Northeastern Woodlands Many tribes have migrated through or been forcibly removed through the region Contents 1 Today 2 Precontact era 2 1 Chiwere Siouan speaking tribes 2 2 Dhegihan Siouan speaking tribes 2 3 Other Western Siouan language speaking tribes 2 4 Dakota Siouan speakers 3 Post contact 3 1 Caddoan speaking tribes 3 2 Algonquian speakers 3 3 Iroquoian speakers 3 4 Anishinaabeg 4 Southern Plains tribes 5 Indian settlements and claimed lands in Iowa 6 Notable Indians who lived in Iowa 7 References 8 External linksToday editThe Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is the only federally recognized tribe in Iowa today They are a Meskwaki tribe whose headquarters is in Tama Iowa 4 Precontact era editChiwere Siouan speaking tribes edit nbsp Iowa 1861Ho Chunk Winnebago Iowa Baxoje Missouria OtoesThe precontact Oneota culture may have included Chiwere language speaking peoples At the time of contact with European explorers their range covered most of Iowa The Ho Chunk ranged primarily east of the Mississippi in southern Wisconsin the Ioway Baxoje ranged in northern Iowa the Otoe in central and southern Iowa and the Missouria in far southern Iowa 5 6 7 All these tribes were also active during the historic period Dhegihan Siouan speaking tribes edit nbsp Moni Chaki Ponca 1898The following tribes arrived in the late prehistoric period Kaw Kansa Omaha Osage PoncaThe Dhegihan Siouan peoples lived near the Missouri River in the very Late precontact and post contact periods they appear to have migrated to the region from the south or southeast Their origin location is debated 8 9 Other Western Siouan language speaking tribes edit The following tribes also had an early presence in Iowa Hidatsa MandanThese may be descendants of the Mill Creek culture who flourished from 1100 to 1300 CE and whose territory extended into northwest Iowa 2 Their territory was wide The Lewis and Clark expedition reported on Mandan villages on the upper Missouri River Dakota Siouan speakers edit Santee Dakota Yankton DakotaThe Dakota pushed southward into much of Iowa in the 18th and 19th centuries They often encountered European American settlers 3 In 1840 the translator Isaac Galland noted several Dakota groups in or near Iowa including Wahpekute North Sisseton South Sisseton East Wahpetonwan West Wahpetonwan Yankton and Mdewakantonwan 10 Post contact editCaddoan speaking tribes edit nbsp Iowa 1798 showing several tribes including Pawnee Panis Panibousa Iowa Aiaouez Aioureoua and Paoute Paoutaoua Dakota and Omaha Maha approximate state highlighted nbsp Mandan and Arikara delegationArikara PawneeThese may descend from the Central Plains tradition cultures ca 1000 1780 CE who lived in southwest Iowa especially around the present day Glenwood area The Pawnee Panis are shown in southwest Iowa on a 1798 map although they ranged primarily to the west 2 Algonquian speakers edit nbsp Sauk family 1899Tribes from the early contact period Illinois Confederacy including Moingona Peoria and Piankashaw Kickapoo A subgroup occupied the Upper Iowa River region in the late 17th century and early 18th century They may have been called the Mahouea 11 Mascouten Meskwaki Fox Sauk Thakinawe The encroachment of Europeans and long term conflict among Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes in the east pushed many eastern tribes into the Midwest Many Meskwaki remained in Iowa even after Indian Removal in 1846 They established a recognized Settlement 1 3 Iroquoian speakers edit The Wyandot Huron were Iroquoian speakers from the early post contact period Again the encroachment of Europeans and the long term conflict between Algonquian and Iroquoian tribes in the east pushed these tribes into the Midwest 1 3 Anishinaabeg edit nbsp Pierre Jean De Smet s map of the Council Bluffs Iowa area 1839 The area labeled Caldwell s Camp was a Potawatomi village led by Sauganash This was later developed as Council Bluffs 12 These tribes moved to Iowa during the historic period Potawatomi Ojibwe Chippewa Odawa Ottawa The forced relocation of tribes in the 19th century from east of the Mississippi led to some eastern tribes living in and near Iowa Their former territory had been around the Great Lakes 1 Potawatomi Chief Sauganash founded the village that eventually grew into Council Bluffs 12 Southern Plains tribes editPlains Apache and Comanche traveled through the region from the 17th century to 19th century 1 Indian settlements and claimed lands in Iowa editMeskwaki Settlement Iowa Blackbird BendNotable Indians who lived in Iowa edit nbsp Taimah Chief Tama Appanoose Antonine Barada White Horse Black Hawk Douglas Spotted Eagle Inkpaduta Keokuk Mahaska White Cloud Neapope Maria Pearson Poweshiek 13 Quashquame John Raymond Rice Sauganash Billy Caldwell Sidominadota Taimah Tama Wabansi Wapello Watseka Ray Young Bear Notchininga No Heart 14 References edit a b c d e Foster Lance M 2009 The Indians of Iowa Iowa City University of Iowa Press ISBN 1 58729 817 1 a b c Alex Lynn M 2000 Iowa s Archaeological Past Iowa City University of Iowa Press ISBN 978 0 87745 681 0 Archived from the original on 2009 11 20 Retrieved 2009 10 21 a b c d Peterson Cynthia L 2009 Historical Tribes and Early Forts In W E Whittaker ed Frontier Forts of Iowa Indians Traders and Soldiers 1682 1862 Iowa City University of Iowa Press pp 12 29 ISBN 1 58729 882 1 Archived from the original on 2009 08 05 Retrieved 2009 10 22 Sac amp Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa Tribal Leaders Directory U S Department of the Interior Indian Retrieved 27 November 2023 Mildred Mott 1938 The Relation of Historic Indian Tribes to Archaeological Manifestations in Iowa Iowa Journal of History and Politics 36 227 314 Late Prehistoric Oneota Population Movement into the Central Plains by Lauren W Ritterbush and Brad Logan Plains Anthropologist Vol 45 No 173 pp 257 272 2000 The Milford Site 13DK1 A Postcontact Oneota Village in Northwest Iowa by Joseph A Tiffany and Duane Anderson Plains Anthropologist Vol 38 No 145 pp 283 306 1993 Susan C Vehik Dhegiha Origins and Plains Archaeology Plains Anthropologist Vol 38 No 146 pp 231 52 1996 Alfred E Johnson Kansa Origins An Alternative Plains Anthropologist Vol 36 no 133 pp 57 65 1991 Isaac Galland 1840 Galland s Iowa Emigrant Containing a Map and General Descriptions of Iowa Wm Jones Chillicothe Colin M Betts Rediscovering the Mahouea Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 58 23 33 a b Whittaker 2008 Pierre Jean De Smet s Remarkable Map of the Missouri River Valley 1839 What Did He See in Iowa Journal of the Iowa Archeological Society 55 1 13 Poweshiek Lance M Foster The Indians of Iowa 2009 Quote The most famous of these maps was presented by Chief No Heart in connection with the treaty of 1837 It showed clearly the antiquity of Ioway villages along most of Iowa s major rivers the United States decided in favor of the claims of the more numerous and powerful Sioux Sauk and Meskwaki External links editSac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa official website Portals nbsp Iowa nbsp Indigenous peoples of the Americas Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Native American tribes in Iowa amp oldid 1188320723, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
