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American-Hawaiian Steamship Company

December 07, 2023

The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company was founded in 1899 to carry cargos of sugar from Hawaii to the United States and manufactured goods back to Hawaii. Brothers-in-law George Dearborn and Lewis Henry Lapham were the key players in the founding of the company. The company began in 1899 with three ships, operated nine by 1904 and was operating seventeen by 1911 with three on order.[1]

American-Hawaiian Steamship Company
TypePrivate
IndustryShipping, transportation
Founded1899
Defunct
  • 1953 (shipping)
  • 1968 (holding company)
FateBankruptcy
Area served
Transatlantic
Key people

At the time of the company's founding, its steamships sailed around South America via the Straits of Magellan to reach the East Coast ports. By 1907, the company began using the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec Route.[1] Shipments on the Tehuantepec Route would transship at Atlantic Port of Coatzacoalcos (formerly Puerto) or the Pacific Port of Salina Cruz and would traverse the Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the 310 kilometres (192.6 mi) Tehuantepec National Railway.[2][3] The contract, binding until completion of the Panama Canal, with American-Hawaiian for its entire cargo moving between oceans and assuring a minimum of 500,000 tons of sugar and other cargo was important in the railway's economic plans from its beginning.[4] For the steamship line the Tehuantepec route enabled the company to serve both a New York—Honolulu route and a coastal route from Salina Cruz to Pacific ports of the United States.[5] With new ships to be delivered the company planned to have four 8,000 ton ships on the New York—Coatzacoalcos route, six 12,000 ton ships operating on the Salina Cruz—Honolulu route and two 6,000 ton ships serving the West Coast route.[6][7]

Company ships were used on both the Pacific and Atlantic routes.[8] When American political troubles with Mexico closed that route, American-Hawaiian returned to the Straits of Magellan route.

When the Panama Canal opened for traffic in August 1914, American-Hawaiian began routing all of its ships via this route. The temporary closure of the canal because of a series of landslides forced the company to return to the Straits of Magellan route for the third time in its history.

During World War I, twelve of the company's ships were commissioned into the United States Navy; a further five were sunk by submarines or mines during the conflict.

Roger Dearborn Lapham, a future mayor of San Francisco, California, served as company president in the mid-1920s.

Ships edit

World War II edit

During World War II, the company operated ships under the War Shipping Administration, some of which were company owned and taken over by WSA as was Nebraskan, and others wartime built and delivered directly to WSA for operation by commercial agents.

    • World War 2 ships:[16]
  • Benjamin Goodhue
  • SS Chanute Victory
  • SS Logan Victory April 6, 1945, sunk by Japanese
  • John Milledge
  • John Drake Sloat
  • Marine Eagle.[17]
  • Alaskan Nov. 28, 1942 torpedoed, 7 crew and one 1 United States Navy Armed Guard killed
  • American June 11, 1942 torpedoed
  • Arkansan June 15, 1942 torpedoed
  • Coloradan Oct. 9, 1942 torpedoed
  • Honolulan July 22, 1942 torpedoed
  • Illinoian July 28, 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater, Normandy Beachhead
  • Kentuckian Aug. 12, 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater, Normandy Beachhead
  • Montanan June 3, 1943 torpedoed
  • Ohioan May 8, 1942 torpedoed
  • Oklahoman Apr. 8, 1942 torpedoed
  • Oregonian Sept. 13, 1942 torpedoed
  • Pennsylvanian Aug. 4, 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater, Normandy Beachhead
  • Puerto Rican March 9, 1943 torpedoed
  • Texan March 11, 1942 torpedoed & shelled
  • Washingtonian April 7, 1942 sunk by submarine Cape
  • San Juan Nov. 11, 1943 torpedoed
  • Albert Gallatin Jan. 2, 1944 torpedoed
  • Harrison Gray Otis Aug. 4, 1943 mined while at anchor
  • William D. Burnham Nov. 23, 1944 torpedoed
  • William M. Marcy Aug. 7, 1944 torpedoed

Post World War II edit

In the 1950s, the company ceased sailing operations and was taken over by Daniel K. Ludwig, who used it as a holding company into the 1960s. Ventures at that time included the development of Westlake Village, California.[18][19]

See also edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty ships.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Johnson 1912, p. 8.
  2. ^ Heubner 1914, p. 102.
  3. ^ Hovey, p. 84.
  4. ^ Hovey, pp. 82, 83.
  5. ^ Hovey, p. 82.
  6. ^ Hovey, pp. 82, 84.
  7. ^ . Archived from the original on 2013-12-14. Retrieved 2011-06-14.
  8. ^ Heubner 1914.
  9. ^ "Coloradan". uboat.net. Retrieved 23 May 2023.
  10. ^ "Empire Hawksbill". uboat.net. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  11. ^ "Honolulan". uboat.net. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  12. ^ Lloyd's Register 1930–31.
  13. ^ a b schiffe-maxim.de.
  14. ^ a b c d e Maritime Administration: Nebraskan.
  15. ^ San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park: Roger D. Lapham photograph collection.
  16. ^ From Hell Hole to High Tech: Historical Highlights, Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Association Affiliated with the Seafarers' International Union AFL-CIO. Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers Association, 1983 - Merchant mariners, page 40
  17. ^ MARAD Vessel History Database—Vessel Status Cards.
  18. ^ Watts, Ian (2009-10-23). "hawse pipe: American-Hawaiian Steamship Company". hawse pipe. Retrieved 2015-03-15.
  19. ^ COLVIN, RICHARD LEE (1992-08-29). "Shipping Magnate Who Created Westlake Dies : Suburban: Daniel K. Ludwig was 95. In 1967, he began developing the area into one of nation's first instant cities". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2015-03-15.

Bibliography edit

  • Cochran, Thomas C.; Ray Ginger (December 1954). "The American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, 1899–1919". The Business History Review. Boston: The President and Fellows of Harvard College. 28 (4): 343–365. doi:10.2307/3111801. JSTOR 3111801. OCLC 216113867. S2CID 154716297.
  • Hovey, Edmund Otis (1907). "The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Tehuantepec National Railway". Bulletin of the American Geographical Society. 39 (January 1, 1907). Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  • Heubner, S. S. (September 1914). "Steamship Line Agreements and Affiliations in the American Foreign and Domestic Trade". Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 55. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  • Johnson, Emory R. (1912). The Relation of the Panama Canal to the Traffic and Rates of American Railroads. United States Senate Reports. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office.
  • Lloyds. (PDF). Lloyd's Register (through PlimsollShipData). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  • Maritime Administration. . Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from the original on 11 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  • Maritime Administration. . U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  • San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park. "A guide to the Roger D. Lapham photograph collection, 1892-1956". Online Archive of California. Retrieved 10 February 2014.
  • schiffe-maxim.de. "ELSASS ( 1912 - 1948 )". Retrieved 10 February 2014.

External links edit

  • History of the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company

December 07, 2023
american, hawaiian, steamship, company, this, article, includes, list, general, references, lacks, sufficient, corresponding, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december, 2013, learn, when, remove, t. This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message The American Hawaiian Steamship Company was founded in 1899 to carry cargos of sugar from Hawaii to the United States and manufactured goods back to Hawaii Brothers in law George Dearborn and Lewis Henry Lapham were the key players in the founding of the company The company began in 1899 with three ships operated nine by 1904 and was operating seventeen by 1911 with three on order 1 American Hawaiian Steamship CompanyTypePrivateIndustryShipping transportationFounded1899Defunct1953 shipping 1968 holding company FateBankruptcyArea servedTransatlanticKey peopleGeorge Dearborn co founder Henry Lapham co founder At the time of the company s founding its steamships sailed around South America via the Straits of Magellan to reach the East Coast ports By 1907 the company began using the Mexican Isthmus of Tehuantepec Route 1 Shipments on the Tehuantepec Route would transship at Atlantic Port of Coatzacoalcos formerly Puerto or the Pacific Port of Salina Cruz and would traverse the Isthmus of Tehuantepec on the 310 kilometres 192 6 mi Tehuantepec National Railway 2 3 The contract binding until completion of the Panama Canal with American Hawaiian for its entire cargo moving between oceans and assuring a minimum of 500 000 tons of sugar and other cargo was important in the railway s economic plans from its beginning 4 For the steamship line the Tehuantepec route enabled the company to serve both a New York Honolulu route and a coastal route from Salina Cruz to Pacific ports of the United States 5 With new ships to be delivered the company planned to have four 8 000 ton ships on the New York Coatzacoalcos route six 12 000 ton ships operating on the Salina Cruz Honolulu route and two 6 000 ton ships serving the West Coast route 6 7 Company ships were used on both the Pacific and Atlantic routes 8 When American political troubles with Mexico closed that route American Hawaiian returned to the Straits of Magellan route When the Panama Canal opened for traffic in August 1914 American Hawaiian began routing all of its ships via this route The temporary closure of the canal because of a series of landslides forced the company to return to the Straits of Magellan route for the third time in its history During World War I twelve of the company s ships were commissioned into the United States Navy a further five were sunk by submarines or mines during the conflict Roger Dearborn Lapham a future mayor of San Francisco California served as company president in the mid 1920s Contents 1 Ships 2 World War II 3 Post World War II 4 See also 5 References 6 Bibliography 7 External linksShips editSS Alaskan SS Arkansan SS American SS Arizonan SS Californian MV Californian SS Coloradan 9 SS Columbian SS Dakotan SS Delawarean 10 SS Floridian SS Georgian SS Hawaiian SS Honolulan 11 SS Indianan SS Iowan SS Kentuckian SS Mexican SS Minnesotan MV Missourian 12 SS Montanan SS Nebraskan built by Bremer Vulcan Bremen Vegesack for North German Lloyd in 1912 as Elsass 13 14 The ship was seized by the United States on 6 April 1917 at Pago Pago Samoa coming under the control of the United States Shipping Board as Appeles and then renamed Kermit in 1920 before acquisition by American Hawaiian on 5 March 1920 for the price of 538 881 99 and being named Nebraskan 13 14 15 On 9 February 1942 the ship was delivered by American Hawaiian to the War Shipping Administration WSA for operation under United States Army Transportation Corps charter with American Hawaiian as the WSA agent until title was transferred to WSA on 2 December for delivery of the ship under Lend Lease to the Soviet Union where the ship became Sukhona until return to the WSA on 6 April 1944 14 Returned to the Nebraskan name the ship was allocated to the Army on 17 October 1944 until returned for layup in the Wilmington Reserve Fleet on 17 October 1946 14 The ship was used by the Army in the Pacific as a floating mobile warehouse 14 SS Ohioan SS Oregonian SS Panaman SS Pennsylvanian SS Texan SS Virginian SS WashingtonianWorld War II editDuring World War II the company operated ships under the War Shipping Administration some of which were company owned and taken over by WSA as was Nebraskan and others wartime built and delivered directly to WSA for operation by commercial agents World War 2 ships 16 Benjamin Goodhue SS Chanute Victory SS Logan Victory April 6 1945 sunk by Japanese John Milledge John Drake Sloat Marine Eagle 17 Alaskan Nov 28 1942 torpedoed 7 crew and one 1 United States Navy Armed Guard killed American June 11 1942 torpedoed Arkansan June 15 1942 torpedoed Coloradan Oct 9 1942 torpedoed Honolulan July 22 1942 torpedoed Illinoian July 28 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater Normandy Beachhead Kentuckian Aug 12 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater Normandy Beachhead Montanan June 3 1943 torpedoed Ohioan May 8 1942 torpedoed Oklahoman Apr 8 1942 torpedoed Oregonian Sept 13 1942 torpedoed Pennsylvanian Aug 4 1944 deliberately sunk to form breakwater Normandy Beachhead Puerto Rican March 9 1943 torpedoed Texan March 11 1942 torpedoed amp shelled Washingtonian April 7 1942 sunk by submarine Cape San Juan Nov 11 1943 torpedoed Albert Gallatin Jan 2 1944 torpedoed Harrison Gray Otis Aug 4 1943 mined while at anchor William D Burnham Nov 23 1944 torpedoed William M Marcy Aug 7 1944 torpedoedPost World War II editIn the 1950s the company ceased sailing operations and was taken over by Daniel K Ludwig who used it as a holding company into the 1960s Ventures at that time included the development of Westlake Village California 18 19 See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty ships World War II United States Merchant NavyReferences edit a b Johnson 1912 p 8 Heubner 1914 p 102 Hovey p 84 Hovey pp 82 83 Hovey p 82 Hovey pp 82 84 American Hawaiian Steamship Co Archived from the original on 2013 12 14 Retrieved 2011 06 14 Heubner 1914 Coloradan uboat net Retrieved 23 May 2023 Empire Hawksbill uboat net Retrieved 11 August 2022 Honolulan uboat net Retrieved 16 August 2022 Lloyd s Register 1930 31 a b schiffe maxim de a b c d e Maritime Administration Nebraskan San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park Roger D Lapham photograph collection From Hell Hole to High Tech Historical Highlights Pacific Coast Marine Firemen Oilers Watertenders and Wipers Association Affiliated with the Seafarers International Union AFL CIO Pacific Coast Marine Firemen Oilers Watertenders and Wipers Association 1983 Merchant mariners page 40 MARAD Vessel History Database Vessel Status Cards Watts Ian 2009 10 23 hawse pipe American Hawaiian Steamship Company hawse pipe Retrieved 2015 03 15 COLVIN RICHARD LEE 1992 08 29 Shipping Magnate Who Created Westlake Dies Suburban Daniel K Ludwig was 95 In 1967 he began developing the area into one of nation s first instant cities Los Angeles Times ISSN 0458 3035 Retrieved 2015 03 15 Bibliography editCochran Thomas C Ray Ginger December 1954 The American Hawaiian Steamship Company 1899 1919 The Business History Review Boston The President and Fellows of Harvard College 28 4 343 365 doi 10 2307 3111801 JSTOR 3111801 OCLC 216113867 S2CID 154716297 Hovey Edmund Otis 1907 The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Tehuantepec National Railway Bulletin of the American Geographical Society 39 January 1 1907 Retrieved 10 February 2015 Heubner S S September 1914 Steamship Line Agreements and Affiliations in the American Foreign and Domestic Trade Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 55 Retrieved 10 February 2015 Johnson Emory R 1912 The Relation of the Panama Canal to the Traffic and Rates of American Railroads United States Senate Reports Washington D C United States Government Printing Office Lloyds Lloyd s Register PDF Lloyd s Register through PlimsollShipData Archived from the original PDF on 12 February 2015 Retrieved 10 February 2015 Maritime Administration Nebraskan Ship History Database Vessel Status Card U S Department of Transportation Maritime Administration Archived from the original on 11 February 2015 Retrieved 10 February 2014 Maritime Administration MARAD Vessel History Database U S Department of Transportation Maritime Administration Archived from the original on 21 February 2014 Retrieved 10 February 2014 San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park A guide to the Roger D Lapham photograph collection 1892 1956 Online Archive of California Retrieved 10 February 2014 schiffe maxim de ELSASS 1912 1948 Retrieved 10 February 2014 External links editHistory of the American Hawaiian Steamship Company Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title American Hawaiian Steamship Company amp oldid 1187388998, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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