Amenemope's tomb is notable for being one of only two entirely intact royal burials known from ancient Egypt; the other is that of Psusennes I. However, only the metal objects from the tomb survived. Despite its unrobbed state, the wealth in the tomb pales in comparison to that discovered in the near-intact tomb of Tutankhamun.[5]
A probable son of Psusennes I and his queen Mutnedjmet,[6] Amenemope succeeded his purported father's long reign after a period of coregency.[7] This coregency has been deduced thanks to a linen bandage mentioning a "... king Amenemope, Year 49..." which has been reconstructed as "[Year X under] king Amenemope, Year 49 [under king Psusennes I]".[8] It has been suggested, however, that this Year 49 may belong to the High Priest of AmunMenkheperre instead of Psusennes I, thus ruling out the coregency;[9] this hypothesis has been rejected by Kenneth Kitchen, who still supports a coregency.[10] Kitchen refers to the existence of Papyrus Brooklyn 16.205, a document mentioning a Year 49 followed by a Year 4, once thought to refer to Shoshenq III and Pami, but more recently to Psusennes I and Amenemope, and thus issued in regnal Year 4 of the latter.[11]
During his reign as Pharaoh, Amenemope claimed the title of "High Priest of Amun in Tanis" as Psusennes also did before him. Amenemope's authority was fully recognized at Thebes – at this time governed by the High Priest of Amun Smendes II and then by his brother Pinedjem II[12] – as his name appears on funerary goods of at least nine Theban burials, among these is the Book of the Dead of the "Captain of the barque of Amun", Pennestawy, dating to Amenemope's Year 5.[13]
Apart from his Tanite tomb and the aforementioned Theban burials, Amemenope is a poorly attested ruler. He continued with the decoration of the chapel of Isis "Mistress of the Pyramids at Giza" and made an addition to one of the temples in Memphis.[13]
All versions of Manetho's Epitome reports that Amenophthis (Amenemope's Hellenised name) enjoyed 9 years of reign, a duration more or less confirmed by archaeological sources.[14] Neither children nor wives are known for him, and he was succeeded by the seemingly unrelated Osorkon the Elder.
According to the analysis of his skeleton performed by Dr. Douglas Derry, Amenemope was a strongly-built man who reached a fairly advanced age.[15] It seems that the king suffered a skull infection which likely developed into meningitis and led to his death.[16]
Burial
Full view of the Royal Necropolis of Tanis (NRT). Amenemope was originally buried in NRT IV and later reburied in NRT III, left granite chamber, next to Psusennes I
Amenemope was originally buried in the only chamber of a small tomb (NRT IV) in the royal necropolis of Tanis; a few years after his death, during the reign of Siamun, Amenemope was moved and reburied in NRT III, inside the chamber once belonging to his purported mother Mutnedjmet and just next to Psusennes I.[13][17] His undisturbed tomb was rediscovered by French Egyptologists Pierre Montet and Georges Goyon in April 1940, just a month before the Nazi invasion of France. Montet had to stop his excavation until the end of World War II, then resumed it in 1946 and later published his findings in 1958.
When the excavators entered the small burial chamber, they argued that it was originally made for queen Mutnedjmet. The chamber contained an uninscribed granite sarcophagus, some vessels including the canopic jars and the vessel once containing the water used for washing the mummy, and a heap of around 400 ushabtis; a wooden coffin covered with gold leaf was placed within the sarcophagus and contained Amenemope's mummy. On the mummy were found two gilt funerary masks, two pectorals, necklaces, bracelets, rings and a cloisonné collar. Four of these items bore the name of Psusennes I.[18][19] The funerary masks depict the king as young, although Goyon stated that at the moment of discovery the masks had an expression of suffering and pleading, later softened after restoration.[18] The mummy and funerary goods are now in Cairo Museum.
Amenemope was buried with far less opulence than his neighbour Psusennes I: for comparison, the latter was provided with a solid silver coffin and a solid gold mask, while the former's coffin and mask were merely gilt.[13]
^von Beckerath, Jürgen (1999). Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz: Philip von Zabern. ISBN978-3-8053-2591-2., pp. 180-181
^Clayton, Peter (1994). Chronicle of the Pharaohs. Thames & Hudson Ltd., p. 178
^Wente, Edward F. (1967). "On the Chronology of the Twenty-First Dynasty". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 26 (3): 155–176. doi:10.1086/371908. S2CID 161532622., p. 156
Bibliography
Derry, D.E., Report on Skeleton of King Amenemopet, ASAE 41 (1942), 149.
Jansen-Winkeln, Karl (2006). Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David A. (eds.). Ancient Egyptian Chronology. Brill, Leiden/Boston. ISBN978-90-04-11385-5.
Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1996). The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100–650 BC). Warminster: Aris & Phillips Limited. p. 608. ISBN0-85668-298-5.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amenemope.
Sarcophagus of Amenemope
February 07, 2023
amenemope, pharaoh, other, ancient, egyptians, this, name, amenemope, disambiguation, usermaatre, amenemope, ancient, egyptian, pharaoh, 21st, dynasty, ruled, between, 1001, amenemopegrave, mask, pharaoh, amenemope, cairo, museumpharaohreign1001, 21st, dynasty. For other Ancient Egyptians by this name see Amenemope disambiguation Usermaatre Amenemope was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled between 1001 992 BC or 993 984 BC AmenemopeGrave mask of pharaoh Amenemope in the Cairo MuseumPharaohReign1001 992 BC 1 or 993 984 BC 2 21st Dynasty PredecessorPsusennes ISuccessorOsorkon the ElderRoyal titularyFatherPsusennes I MotherMutnedjmet Died992 or 984 BCBurialTanis originally NRT IV reburied in NRT IIIAmenemope s tomb is notable for being one of only two entirely intact royal burials known from ancient Egypt the other is that of Psusennes I However only the metal objects from the tomb survived Despite its unrobbed state the wealth in the tomb pales in comparison to that discovered in the near intact tomb of Tutankhamun 5 Contents 1 Reign 2 Burial 3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksReign EditA probable son of Psusennes I and his queen Mutnedjmet 6 Amenemope succeeded his purported father s long reign after a period of coregency 7 This coregency has been deduced thanks to a linen bandage mentioning a king Amenemope Year 49 which has been reconstructed as Year X under king Amenemope Year 49 under king Psusennes I 8 It has been suggested however that this Year 49 may belong to the High Priest of Amun Menkheperre instead of Psusennes I thus ruling out the coregency 9 this hypothesis has been rejected by Kenneth Kitchen who still supports a coregency 10 Kitchen refers to the existence of Papyrus Brooklyn 16 205 a document mentioning a Year 49 followed by a Year 4 once thought to refer to Shoshenq III and Pami but more recently to Psusennes I and Amenemope and thus issued in regnal Year 4 of the latter 11 During his reign as Pharaoh Amenemope claimed the title of High Priest of Amun in Tanis as Psusennes also did before him Amenemope s authority was fully recognized at Thebes at this time governed by the High Priest of Amun Smendes II and then by his brother Pinedjem II 12 as his name appears on funerary goods of at least nine Theban burials among these is the Book of the Dead of the Captain of the barque of Amun Pennestawy dating to Amenemope s Year 5 13 Apart from his Tanite tomb and the aforementioned Theban burials Amemenope is a poorly attested ruler He continued with the decoration of the chapel of Isis Mistress of the Pyramids at Giza and made an addition to one of the temples in Memphis 13 All versions of Manetho s Epitome reports that Amenophthis Amenemope s Hellenised name enjoyed 9 years of reign a duration more or less confirmed by archaeological sources 14 Neither children nor wives are known for him and he was succeeded by the seemingly unrelated Osorkon the Elder According to the analysis of his skeleton performed by Dr Douglas Derry Amenemope was a strongly built man who reached a fairly advanced age 15 It seems that the king suffered a skull infection which likely developed into meningitis and led to his death 16 Burial Edit Full view of the Royal Necropolis of Tanis NRT Amenemope was originally buried in NRT IV and later reburied in NRT III left granite chamber next to Psusennes I Amenemope was originally buried in the only chamber of a small tomb NRT IV in the royal necropolis of Tanis a few years after his death during the reign of Siamun Amenemope was moved and reburied in NRT III inside the chamber once belonging to his purported mother Mutnedjmet and just next to Psusennes I 13 17 His undisturbed tomb was rediscovered by French Egyptologists Pierre Montet and Georges Goyon in April 1940 just a month before the Nazi invasion of France Montet had to stop his excavation until the end of World War II then resumed it in 1946 and later published his findings in 1958 When the excavators entered the small burial chamber they argued that it was originally made for queen Mutnedjmet The chamber contained an uninscribed granite sarcophagus some vessels including the canopic jars and the vessel once containing the water used for washing the mummy and a heap of around 400 ushabtis a wooden coffin covered with gold leaf was placed within the sarcophagus and contained Amenemope s mummy On the mummy were found two gilt funerary masks two pectorals necklaces bracelets rings and a cloisonne collar Four of these items bore the name of Psusennes I 18 19 The funerary masks depict the king as young although Goyon stated that at the moment of discovery the masks had an expression of suffering and pleading later softened after restoration 18 The mummy and funerary goods are now in Cairo Museum Amenemope was buried with far less opulence than his neighbour Psusennes I for comparison the latter was provided with a solid silver coffin and a solid gold mask while the former s coffin and mask were merely gilt 13 See also EditList of pharaohsReferences Edit Jansen Winkeln p 493 Kitchen Table 1 von Beckerath Jurgen 1999 Handbuch der agyptischen Konigsnamen Munchner agyptologische Studien Heft 49 Mainz Philip von Zabern ISBN 978 3 8053 2591 2 pp 180 181 Clayton Peter 1994 Chronicle of the Pharaohs Thames amp Hudson Ltd p 178 Deprez G 2021 July 17 The Only Intact Egyptian Pharaohs Tombs Ever Discovered TheCollector https www thecollector com ancient egypt only intact egyptian pharaohs tombs ever discovered Kitchen 221 Kitchen 431 433 Jansen Winkeln p 227 Jansen Winkeln p 230 n 70 Kitchen L M Kitchen 83 Kitchen 388 389 a b c d Kitchen 229 Kitchen 3 4 31 Derry Douglas E 1942 Report on skeleton of King Amenemopet Annales du Service des Antiquites de l Egypte 41 p 149 Goyon p 164 Goyon pp 87 163 a b Goyon p 163 Wente Edward F 1967 On the Chronology of the Twenty First Dynasty Journal of Near Eastern Studies 26 3 155 176 doi 10 1086 371908 S2CID 161532622 p 156Bibliography EditDerry D E Report on Skeleton of King Amenemopet ASAE 41 1942 149 Goyon Georges 1987 La Decouverte des tresors de Tanis Persea p 608 ISBN 2 906427 01 2 Jansen Winkeln Karl 2006 Hornung Erik Krauss Rolf Warburton David A eds Ancient Egyptian Chronology Brill Leiden Boston ISBN 978 90 04 11385 5 Kitchen Kenneth A 1996 The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt 1100 650 BC Warminster Aris amp Phillips Limited p 608 ISBN 0 85668 298 5 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amenemope Sarcophagus of Amenemope Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Amenemope pharaoh amp oldid 1136443580, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
