The Pontic shad (Alosa immaculata, previously Alosa pontica), also referred to as the Black Sea shad or Kerch shad, is a species of clupeid fish in the genus Alosa, native to the Black Sea and Sea of Azov basins.[2][3]
Alosa immaculata lives in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov, and adults migrate up rivers to spawn.[1] It may also be found in the Marmara Sea in Turkey.[4] It currently migrates up and spawns in six rivers: the Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, Southern Bug, Don and Kuban Rivers. Previously the migrations reached far upstream, up to 1,600 in Danube and 900 km in Don, now dams are restricting the migrations. There is also a landlocked population in Don.[1]
Life cycleedit
Alosa immaculata are anadromous. Spawning occurs between the warmer months of May and August. It has a pelagic life and prefers to feed on small fishes and crustaceans.[4]
Conservationedit
Although the species used to migrate as far upstream as the Mohács (Hungary) in the Danube, the building of dams has limited the migrations. It is now regionally extinct in Hungary.[1] Excessive fishing and pollution might also be responsible for their decline.[4]
Referencesedit
^ abcdeFreyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. (2008). "Alosa immaculata". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. IUCN: e.T907A13093654. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T907A13093654.en. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
^Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Alosa immaculata" in FishBase. April 2006 version.
^A. pontica (Eichwald,1838) - черноморско-азовская проходная сельдь 2015-02-13 at the Wayback Machine Позвоночные животные России. sevin.ru
^ abcYılmaz, Savaş, and Nazmi Polat. Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Pontic Shad, Alosa Immaculata (Pisces: Clupeidae) From the Southern Black Sea. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology 6.2 (2011): 49-53.
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pontic, shad, alosa, immaculata, previously, alosa, pontica, also, referred, black, shad, kerch, shad, species, clupeid, fish, genus, alosa, native, black, azov, basins, conservation, status, vulnerable, iucn, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kin. The Pontic shad Alosa immaculata previously Alosa pontica also referred to as the Black Sea shad or Kerch shad is a species of clupeid fish in the genus Alosa native to the Black Sea and Sea of Azov basins 2 3 Pontic shad Conservation status Vulnerable IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Actinopterygii Order Clupeiformes Family Alosidae Genus Alosa Species A immaculata Binomial name Alosa immaculataE T Bennett 1835 Synonyms 1 Alosa pontica Eichwald 1838 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Life cycle 3 Conservation 4 ReferencesDistribution editAlosa immaculata lives in the Black Sea and Sea of Azov and adults migrate up rivers to spawn 1 It may also be found in the Marmara Sea in Turkey 4 It currently migrates up and spawns in six rivers the Danube Dnieper Dniester Southern Bug Don and Kuban Rivers Previously the migrations reached far upstream up to 1 600 in Danube and 900 km in Don now dams are restricting the migrations There is also a landlocked population in Don 1 Life cycle editAlosa immaculata are anadromous Spawning occurs between the warmer months of May and August It has a pelagic life and prefers to feed on small fishes and crustaceans 4 Conservation editAlthough the species used to migrate as far upstream as the Mohacs Hungary in the Danube the building of dams has limited the migrations It is now regionally extinct in Hungary 1 Excessive fishing and pollution might also be responsible for their decline 4 References edit a b c d e Freyhof J amp Kottelat M 2008 Alosa immaculata The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008 IUCN e T907A13093654 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2008 RLTS T907A13093654 en Retrieved 27 December 2017 Froese Rainer Pauly Daniel eds 2006 Alosa immaculata in FishBase April 2006 version A pontica Eichwald 1838 chernomorsko azovskaya prohodnaya seld Archived 2015 02 13 at the Wayback Machine Pozvonochnye zhivotnye Rossii sevin ru a b c Yilmaz Savas and Nazmi Polat Length Weight Relationship and Condition Factor of Pontic Shad Alosa Immaculata Pisces Clupeidae From the Southern Black Sea Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology 6 2 2011 49 53 nbsp This Clupeiformes article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Pontic shad amp oldid 1222428573, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
