"Alluvial" redirects here. For the American racehorse, see Alluvial (horse). For the type of flow diagram, see Alluvial diagram.
Alluvium (from Latinalluvius, from alluere 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.[1][2][3] Alluvium is also sometimes called alluvial deposit.[4][5] Alluvium is typically geologically young and is not consolidated into solid rock. Sediments deposited underwater, in seas, estuaries, lakes, or ponds, are not described as alluvium.[1]
The present consensus is that "alluvium" refers to loose sediments of all types deposited by running water in floodplains or in alluvial fans or related landforms.[1][7][8] However, the meaning of the term has varied considerably since it was first defined in the French dictionary of Antoine Furetière, posthumously published in 1690. Drawing upon concepts from Roman law, Furetière defined alluvion (the French term for alluvium) as new land formed by deposition of sediments along rivers and seas.[8]
By the 19th century, the term had come to mean recent sediments deposited by rivers on top of older diluvium, which was similar in character but interpreted as sediments deposited by Noah's flood. With the rejection by geologists of the concept of a primordial universal flood, the term "diluvium" fell into disfavor and was replaced with "older alluvium". At the same time, the term "alluvium" came to mean all sediment deposits due to running water on plains. The definition gradually expanded to include deposits in estuaries and coasts and young rock of both marine and fluvial origin.[8]
Alluvium and diluvium were grouped together as colluvium in the late 19th century. "Colluvium" is now generally understood to mean sediments produced by gravity-driven transport on steep slopes, while the definition of "alluvium" has switched back to an emphasis on sediments deposited by river action. There continues to be disagreement over what other sediment deposits should be included under the term "alluvium."[8]
Ageedit
Most alluvium is Quaternary in age and is often referred to as "cover" because these sediments obscure the underlying bedrock. Most sedimentary material that fills a basin ("basin fill") that is not lithified is typically lumped together as "alluvial".[9] Alluvium of Pliocene age occurs, for example, in parts of Idaho.[10] Alluvium of late Miocene age occurs, for example, in the valley of the San Joaquin River, California.[11]
^Geology Dictionary – Alluvial, Aquiclude, Arkose. Geology.Com. Retrieved on 2012-02-12.
^Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "alluvial deposit". Glossary of geology (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. ISBN0922152349.
^Allaby, Michael (2013). "alluvium". A dictionary of geology and earth sciences (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN9780199653065.
^Kidder, Tristram; Liu, Haiwang; Xu, Qinghai; Li, Minglin (July 2012). "The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain, Henan Province, China: THE YELLOW RIVER FLOODPLAIN, HENAN PROVINCE". Geoarchaeology. 27 (4): 324–343. doi:10.1002/gea.21411. S2CID 140587757.
^ abcdMiller, Bradley A.; Juilleret, Jérôme (October 2020). "The colluvium and alluvium problem: Historical review and current state of definitions". Earth-Science Reviews. 209: 103316. Bibcode:2020ESRv..20903316M. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103316.
^Ames, Dan (1998), "Formation of the Soils" (PDF), Soil Survey of Jerome County and Part of Twin Falls County, Idaho, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, p. 238
^Huber, N. King (1981). Amount and Timing of Late Cenozoic Uplift and Tilt of the Central Sierra Nevada, California—Evidence from the Upper San Joaquin River Basin (USGS Professional Paper 1197)(PDF). Washington D.C.: USGS. p. 13.
External linksedit
Media related to Alluvium at Wikimedia Commons
April 10, 2024
alluvium, alluvial, redirects, here, american, racehorse, alluvial, horse, type, flow, diagram, alluvial, diagram, from, latin, alluvius, from, alluere, wash, against, loose, clay, silt, sand, gravel, that, been, deposited, running, water, stream, floodplain, . Alluvial redirects here For the American racehorse see Alluvial horse For the type of flow diagram see Alluvial diagram Alluvium from Latin alluvius from alluere to wash against is loose clay silt sand or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed on a floodplain in an alluvial fan or beach or in similar settings 1 2 3 Alluvium is also sometimes called alluvial deposit 4 5 Alluvium is typically geologically young and is not consolidated into solid rock Sediments deposited underwater in seas estuaries lakes or ponds are not described as alluvium 1 Alluvium and adjacent constituentsAlluvium deposits in the Gamtoos Valley in South AfricaAn alluvial plain in Red Rock Canyon State Park California Alluvial river deposits in the Amazon Basin near Autazes AM Brazil The seasonal deposits are extremely fertile and crucial to subsistence farming in the Amazon Basin along the river banks Floodplain alluvium can be highly fertile and supported some of the earliest human civilizations 6 Contents 1 Definitions 2 Age 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksDefinitions editThe present consensus is that alluvium refers to loose sediments of all types deposited by running water in floodplains or in alluvial fans or related landforms 1 7 8 However the meaning of the term has varied considerably since it was first defined in the French dictionary of Antoine Furetiere posthumously published in 1690 Drawing upon concepts from Roman law Furetiere defined alluvion the French term for alluvium as new land formed by deposition of sediments along rivers and seas 8 By the 19th century the term had come to mean recent sediments deposited by rivers on top of older diluvium which was similar in character but interpreted as sediments deposited by Noah s flood With the rejection by geologists of the concept of a primordial universal flood the term diluvium fell into disfavor and was replaced with older alluvium At the same time the term alluvium came to mean all sediment deposits due to running water on plains The definition gradually expanded to include deposits in estuaries and coasts and young rock of both marine and fluvial origin 8 Alluvium and diluvium were grouped together as colluvium in the late 19th century Colluvium is now generally understood to mean sediments produced by gravity driven transport on steep slopes while the definition of alluvium has switched back to an emphasis on sediments deposited by river action There continues to be disagreement over what other sediment deposits should be included under the term alluvium 8 Age editMost alluvium is Quaternary in age and is often referred to as cover because these sediments obscure the underlying bedrock Most sedimentary material that fills a basin basin fill that is not lithified is typically lumped together as alluvial 9 Alluvium of Pliocene age occurs for example in parts of Idaho 10 Alluvium of late Miocene age occurs for example in the valley of the San Joaquin River California 11 See also editAlluvial plain Bay mud Braided stream Desert pavement Eluvium Hydraulic action IlluviumReferences edit a b c Jackson Julia A ed 1997 alluvium Glossary of geology Fourth ed Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute ISBN 0922152349 Glossary of Geological Terms Geotech org Retrieved on 2012 02 12 Geology Dictionary Alluvial Aquiclude Arkose Geology Com Retrieved on 2012 02 12 Jackson Julia A ed 1997 alluvial deposit Glossary of geology Fourth ed Alexandria Virginia American Geological Institute ISBN 0922152349 Allaby Michael 2013 alluvium A dictionary of geology and earth sciences Fourth ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780199653065 Kidder Tristram Liu Haiwang Xu Qinghai Li Minglin July 2012 The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Sanyangzhuang Site on the Yellow River Floodplain Henan Province China THE YELLOW RIVER FLOODPLAIN HENAN PROVINCE Geoarchaeology 27 4 324 343 doi 10 1002 gea 21411 S2CID 140587757 Allaby 2013 alluvial a b c d Miller Bradley A Juilleret Jerome October 2020 The colluvium and alluvium problem Historical review and current state of definitions Earth Science Reviews 209 103316 Bibcode 2020ESRv 20903316M doi 10 1016 j earscirev 2020 103316 Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Alluvium Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Ames Dan 1998 Formation of the Soils PDF Soil Survey of Jerome County and Part of Twin Falls County Idaho Natural Resources Conservation Service United States Department of Agriculture p 238 Huber N King 1981 Amount and Timing of Late Cenozoic Uplift and Tilt of the Central Sierra Nevada California Evidence from the Upper San Joaquin River Basin USGS Professional Paper 1197 PDF Washington D C USGS p 13 External links edit nbsp Media related to Alluvium at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alluvium amp oldid 1192342725, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
