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Alfred Brown (missionary)

January 01, 1970

Alfred Nesbit Brown (23 October 1803 – 7 September 1884) was a member of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and one of a number of missionaries who travelled to New Zealand in the early 19th century to bring Christianity to the Māori people.[1]

Alfred Brown
Photo of Alfred Brown on the sign for The Elms, formerly the Te Papa Mission Station.
Born(1803-10-23)23 October 1803
Colchester, England
Died7 September 1884(1884-09-07) (aged 80)
Tauranga, New Zealand
NationalityBritish
OccupationMissionary
Spouse(s)Charlotte Arnett (married 1829, died 1855)
Christina Crombie Grant Johnston (married 1860)

Early life and voyage to New Zealand edit

Brown was born in Colchester, England and joined the CMS at the age of 20. He was ordained as a priest on 1 June 1828 by the Bishop of London in the Chapel Royal, St James's Palace.[2][3] He married his first wife Charlotte Arnett in 1829.[4] They sailed for Sydney, New South Wales on 25 April 1829 on the Elizabeth.[4] The couple arrived at Paihia on board the City of Edinburgh on 29 November 1829.[5]

Although an ordained priest, Brown was sent to New Zealand to instruct the children of the mission families in the Bay of Islands.[6] Charlotte, who had been a teacher in Islington, London, taught the girls from the Paihia mission station.[7] They were at Kerikeri in 1830.[8] A son, Alfred Marsh, was born in Paihia on 22 June 1831.[9]

Missions edit

From 6 February to 17 May 1834, Brown and James Hamlin walked through the Auckland and Waikato regions.[10] He and John Alexander Wilson were appointed to open a mission station in Matamata early in 1834.[11] In the same year, he opened Te Papa mission station at Tauranga.

In 1835, Te Waharoa, the leader of the Ngāti Hauā iwi (Māori tribe) of the Matamata region, lead his warriors against neighbouring tribes to avenge the death of a relative, with the fighting, which continued into 1836, extended from Rotorua, Matamata to Tauranga.[12][13]

After a house at the Rotorua mission was ransacked, both the Rotorua mission and the Matamata mission was not considered to be safe and the wives of the missionaries were escorted to Puriri and Tauranga. Wilson and the other CMS missionaries attempted to bring peace to the belligerents.[14][12][13][15] In late March 1836, a war party led by Te Waharoa arrived at Tauranga and the missionary families boarded the Columbine as a safety precaution on 31 March. They spend 1837 in the Bay of Islands. Alfred and Charlotte's daughter, Marianne Celia, was born in the Bay of Islands on 25 April 1837.[16] In January 1838 Brown re-opened the Te Papa mission station.[16] In 1937 the missionaries at Te Papa Mission were Brown, James Stack and Wilson.[17][18] In 1846 he was assisted by the Rev. C.P. Davies.[19]

Work as archdeacon, death of son edit

Bishop Selwyn appointed Brown Archdeacon of Tauranga on 31 December 1843.[20][21] Marsh Brown was sent to St John's Collegiate School at Waimate North, Bay of Islands, in March 1844. In April he suffered an accident which resulted in an illness, probably erysipelas. He never recovered, and died at Te Papa on 14 September 1845. He was buried in the mission cemetery.[22]

Brown's work as a missionary flourished throughout the 1840s. He travelled widely throughout his archdeaconry often spending several weeks away from home as he visited Maori villages throughout the Bay of Plenty and Taupo regions.[23]

Decline of mission, death of wife, remarriage edit

However, as conditions changed in the 1850s with increasing immigration, the influence of the missionaries began to decline. Charlotte died on 12 November 1855 in Auckland at the age of 59. She is buried in St Stephen's churchyard, Parnell.[24]

Brown's daughter, Celia, married Rev. John Kinder on 15 December 1859.[25] Brown himself remarried on 18 February 1860, to Christina Johnston, sister of Wellington Supreme Court Judge Alexander Johnston.[26]

Later life and death edit

Although most of Brown's converts drifted away after the battles of Gate Pa and Te Ranga in 1864, he still considered himself to be a missionary. He and Christina purchased 17 acres of land around the Te Papa mission station from the CMS in 1873, renaming the property "The Elms", by which name it is known today.[27]

Alfred Nesbit Brown died on 7 September 1884. He is buried in the mission cemetery, Tauranga, with his second wife Christina, who died on 26 June 1887.[28]

Brown's house remained in his second wife's family, including Duff Maxwell, for several generations. The Elms (Te Papa Tauranga) has been preserved and is open to the public.[29]

See also edit

Gallery edit

  •  
    The Chapel, a replica of the original mission chapel at the Te Papa Mission Station
  •  
    The Mission House at The Elms
  •  
    Alfred Brown’s library at The Elms
  •  
    Duff Maxwell’s room at The Elms. Maxwell was a passionate collector of everything. He surrounded himself with books, pictures and artefacts.
  •  
    The fireplace in the dining room of the mission house at The Elms
  •  
    The main bedroom of the mission house

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Blain Biographical Directory of Anglican clergy in the South Pacific" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  2. ^ "Brown, Alfred Nesbit (1827 - 1828) (CCEd Person ID 116553)". The Clergy of the Church of England Database 1540–1835.
  3. ^ Hall 1981, p. 1.
  4. ^ a b Missionary Register 1829
  5. ^ Hall 1981, p. 4.
  6. ^ Hall 1981, p. 5.
  7. ^ Fitzgerald 2004, p. 183.
  8. ^ "The Missionary Register". Early New Zealand Books (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1831. p. 117. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  9. ^ Brown 1964, p. 11.
  10. ^ "The Missionary Register". Early New Zealand Books (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1835. pp. 520–527. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  11. ^ John Alexander Wilson (1889). "Part II: Te Puriri, 1834–35". In C.J. Wilson (ed.). Missionary Life and Work in New Zealand, 1833 to 1862: Being the Private Journal of the Late Rev. John Alexander Wilson. Auckland: The Star Office. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Early New Zealand Books.
  12. ^ a b Rogers, Lawrence M. (1973). Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams. Pegasus Press. pp. 113, 115, 122, 129–130.
  13. ^ a b Fitzgerald, Caroline (2011). Te Wiremu: Henry Williams – Early Years in the North. Huia Publishers, New Zealand. pp. 248 & 273. ISBN 978-1-86969-439-5.
  14. ^ "The Missionary Register". Early New Zealand Books (ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1838. pp. 295–301. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  15. ^ Fitzgerald, Caroline (2004). "Letter of Jane Williams (23 September 1836)". Marianne Williams: Letters from the Bay of Islands. Penguin Books, New Zealand. p. 233. ISBN 0-14-301929-5.
  16. ^ a b Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 25.
  17. ^ McCauley, Debbie (2015). "Anne Catherine Wilson (née Hawker) (1802–1838)". Debbie McCauley, Author. from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2019.
  18. ^ John Alexander Wilson (1889). "Part III: Tauranga, 1836–39". In C.J. Wilson (ed.). Missionary Life and Work in New Zealand, 1833 to 1862: Being the Private Journal of the Late Rev. John Alexander Wilson. Auckland: The Star Office. Retrieved 3 February 2019 – via Early New Zealand Books.
  19. ^ New Zealand Mission. Missionary Register. 1846. pp. 150–158. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  20. ^ Bedggood, W.E. (1971). Brief History of St John Baptist Church Te Waimate. News, Kaikohe.
  21. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 92.
  22. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, pp. 36f.
  23. ^ "The Church Missionary Gleaner, July 1852". Pohipohi, of Matamata. Adam Matthew Digital. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  24. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 66.
  25. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 72.
  26. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 75.
  27. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, p. 93.
  28. ^ Vennell & Rorke 2012, pp. 95, 99.
  29. ^ "History". The Elms. Retrieved 25 May 2023.

References edit

External links edit

  • The Elms (Te Papa Tauranga)

January 01, 1970
alfred, brown, missionary, alfred, nesbit, brown, october, 1803, september, 1884, member, church, missionary, society, number, missionaries, travelled, zealand, early, 19th, century, bring, christianity, māori, people, alfred, brownphoto, alfred, brown, sign, . Alfred Nesbit Brown 23 October 1803 7 September 1884 was a member of the Church Missionary Society CMS and one of a number of missionaries who travelled to New Zealand in the early 19th century to bring Christianity to the Maori people 1 Alfred BrownPhoto of Alfred Brown on the sign for The Elms formerly the Te Papa Mission Station Born 1803 10 23 23 October 1803Colchester EnglandDied7 September 1884 1884 09 07 aged 80 Tauranga New ZealandNationalityBritishOccupationMissionarySpouse s Charlotte Arnett married 1829 died 1855 Christina Crombie Grant Johnston married 1860 Contents 1 Early life and voyage to New Zealand 2 Missions 3 Work as archdeacon death of son 4 Decline of mission death of wife remarriage 5 Later life and death 6 See also 7 Gallery 8 Notes 9 References 10 External linksEarly life and voyage to New Zealand editBrown was born in Colchester England and joined the CMS at the age of 20 He was ordained as a priest on 1 June 1828 by the Bishop of London in the Chapel Royal St James s Palace 2 3 He married his first wife Charlotte Arnett in 1829 4 They sailed for Sydney New South Wales on 25 April 1829 on the Elizabeth 4 The couple arrived at Paihia on board the City of Edinburgh on 29 November 1829 5 Although an ordained priest Brown was sent to New Zealand to instruct the children of the mission families in the Bay of Islands 6 Charlotte who had been a teacher in Islington London taught the girls from the Paihia mission station 7 They were at Kerikeri in 1830 8 A son Alfred Marsh was born in Paihia on 22 June 1831 9 Missions editFrom 6 February to 17 May 1834 Brown and James Hamlin walked through the Auckland and Waikato regions 10 He and John Alexander Wilson were appointed to open a mission station in Matamata early in 1834 11 In the same year he opened Te Papa mission station at Tauranga In 1835 Te Waharoa the leader of the Ngati Haua iwi Maori tribe of the Matamata region lead his warriors against neighbouring tribes to avenge the death of a relative with the fighting which continued into 1836 extended from Rotorua Matamata to Tauranga 12 13 After a house at the Rotorua mission was ransacked both the Rotorua mission and the Matamata mission was not considered to be safe and the wives of the missionaries were escorted to Puriri and Tauranga Wilson and the other CMS missionaries attempted to bring peace to the belligerents 14 12 13 15 In late March 1836 a war party led by Te Waharoa arrived at Tauranga and the missionary families boarded the Columbine as a safety precaution on 31 March They spend 1837 in the Bay of Islands Alfred and Charlotte s daughter Marianne Celia was born in the Bay of Islands on 25 April 1837 16 In January 1838 Brown re opened the Te Papa mission station 16 In 1937 the missionaries at Te Papa Mission were Brown James Stack and Wilson 17 18 In 1846 he was assisted by the Rev C P Davies 19 Work as archdeacon death of son editBishop Selwyn appointed Brown Archdeacon of Tauranga on 31 December 1843 20 21 Marsh Brown was sent to St John s Collegiate School at Waimate North Bay of Islands in March 1844 In April he suffered an accident which resulted in an illness probably erysipelas He never recovered and died at Te Papa on 14 September 1845 He was buried in the mission cemetery 22 Brown s work as a missionary flourished throughout the 1840s He travelled widely throughout his archdeaconry often spending several weeks away from home as he visited Maori villages throughout the Bay of Plenty and Taupo regions 23 Decline of mission death of wife remarriage editHowever as conditions changed in the 1850s with increasing immigration the influence of the missionaries began to decline Charlotte died on 12 November 1855 in Auckland at the age of 59 She is buried in St Stephen s churchyard Parnell 24 Brown s daughter Celia married Rev John Kinder on 15 December 1859 25 Brown himself remarried on 18 February 1860 to Christina Johnston sister of Wellington Supreme Court Judge Alexander Johnston 26 Later life and death editAlthough most of Brown s converts drifted away after the battles of Gate Pa and Te Ranga in 1864 he still considered himself to be a missionary He and Christina purchased 17 acres of land around the Te Papa mission station from the CMS in 1873 renaming the property The Elms by which name it is known today 27 Alfred Nesbit Brown died on 7 September 1884 He is buried in the mission cemetery Tauranga with his second wife Christina who died on 26 June 1887 28 Brown s house remained in his second wife s family including Duff Maxwell for several generations The Elms Te Papa Tauranga has been preserved and is open to the public 29 See also editNew Zealand Church Missionary Society Wiremu TamihanaGallery edit nbsp The Chapel a replica of the original mission chapel at the Te Papa Mission Station nbsp The Mission House at The Elms nbsp Alfred Brown s library at The Elms nbsp Duff Maxwell s room at The Elms Maxwell was a passionate collector of everything He surrounded himself with books pictures and artefacts nbsp The fireplace in the dining room of the mission house at The Elms nbsp The main bedroom of the mission houseNotes edit Blain Biographical Directory of Anglican clergy in the South Pacific PDF 2015 Retrieved 12 December 2015 Brown Alfred Nesbit 1827 1828 CCEd Person ID 116553 The Clergy of the Church of England Database 1540 1835 Hall 1981 p 1 a b Missionary Register 1829 Hall 1981 p 4 Hall 1981 p 5 Fitzgerald 2004 p 183 The Missionary Register Early New Zealand Books ENZB University of Auckland Library 1831 p 117 Retrieved 9 March 2019 Brown 1964 p 11 The Missionary Register Early New Zealand Books ENZB University of Auckland Library 1835 pp 520 527 Retrieved 9 March 2019 John Alexander Wilson 1889 Part II Te Puriri 1834 35 In C J Wilson ed Missionary Life and Work in New Zealand 1833 to 1862 Being the Private Journal of the Late Rev John Alexander Wilson Auckland The Star Office Retrieved 3 February 2019 via Early New Zealand Books a b Rogers Lawrence M 1973 Te Wiremu A Biography of Henry Williams Pegasus Press pp 113 115 122 129 130 a b Fitzgerald Caroline 2011 Te Wiremu Henry Williams Early Years in the North Huia Publishers New Zealand pp 248 amp 273 ISBN 978 1 86969 439 5 The Missionary Register Early New Zealand Books ENZB University of Auckland Library 1838 pp 295 301 Retrieved 9 March 2019 Fitzgerald Caroline 2004 Letter of Jane Williams 23 September 1836 Marianne Williams Letters from the Bay of Islands Penguin Books New Zealand p 233 ISBN 0 14 301929 5 a b Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 25 McCauley Debbie 2015 Anne Catherine Wilson nee Hawker 1802 1838 Debbie McCauley Author Archived from the original on 26 June 2022 Retrieved 2 February 2019 John Alexander Wilson 1889 Part III Tauranga 1836 39 In C J Wilson ed Missionary Life and Work in New Zealand 1833 to 1862 Being the Private Journal of the Late Rev John Alexander Wilson Auckland The Star Office Retrieved 3 February 2019 via Early New Zealand Books New Zealand Mission Missionary Register 1846 pp 150 158 Retrieved 12 December 2015 Bedggood W E 1971 Brief History of St John Baptist Church Te Waimate News Kaikohe Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 92 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 pp 36f The Church Missionary Gleaner July 1852 Pohipohi of Matamata Adam Matthew Digital Retrieved 18 October 2015 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 66 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 72 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 75 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 p 93 Vennell amp Rorke 2012 pp 95 99 History The Elms Retrieved 25 May 2023 References editBrown A N 1964 Brief memorials of an only son Tauranga a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Hall Noeline 1981 I have planted Palmerston North a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Vennell Charles William Rorke Jinty 2012 Brown and The Elms Tauranga a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Rorke Jinty Brown Alfred Nesbit Dictionary of New Zealand Biography Ministry for Culture and Heritage Retrieved 7 April 2011 External links editThe Elms Te Papa Tauranga Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alfred Brown missionary amp oldid 1210286647, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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