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Alfonso de Zamora

January 01, 1970

Alfonso de Zamora (1474 - c. 1545-6) was a Jewish-Spanish scholar and a major contributor to the Complutensian Polyglot Bible. Like many Spanish Jews during the persecutions of the 15th century, Alfonso converted to Catholicism while remaining a Crypto-Jew [secret Jew].

Biography edit

Born in Zamora, Spain in 1474, Alfonso was the son of Juan de Zamora, a learned Jew. He attended a Yeshiva, probably the famous Campanton Yeshiva until the age of 18, when he and his family left for Portugal in 1492, before returning in about 1497, already baptized.[1] Sources disagree on the exact date of his baptism, with some suggesting 1492 or 1506.[2][3] Historian Ahuva Ho argues that Alfonso likely continued to secretly practice Judaism for the rest of his life.[1]

Alfonso was a professor of the Hebrew and Aramaic languages at the University of Salamanca until 1512, when he was moved to the University of Alcalá.[1] Both Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros and Alfonso de Fonseca were patrons of his work.[2]

In 1544, Alfonso wrote or translated letters to Pope Paul III and Cardinal Pierpaolo Parisio, appealing for protection against Grand Inquisitor Juan Pardo de Tavera's persecution of the university's Hebrew teachers.[2][4] In these letters, Alfonso describes himself as the last to remain among those exiled by the Alhambra Decree, and says that he has had not one day of happiness in his (almost) seventy years of life.[2]

Works edit

 
Introductionis artis Grammaticae hebraica (Alcalá de Henares, 1526).

Major works edit

Alfonso was a major contributor to the Complutensian Polyglot Bible, a project spearheaded by Cisneros. Alongside Alfonso de Alcalá and Pablo de Coronel, he revised the Hebrew text; he also translated the Targum Onkelos into Latin for the project, as well as prepared the dictionaries and study aids which form the sixth volume of the set.[2][5][6] He wrote many essays among them "How to Overcome the Plague;" "Loor de Virtudes," on Jewish and Spanish Proverbs; how to respond to the Inquisition tribunals; forced polemics against Jews and Judaism (as pretense to safeguard his secret life); and poems mostly bemoaning his and the Jews' suffering.

In 1526, Alfonso published Introductiones Artis Grammaticæ Hebraicae, a second edition of a Hebrew grammar which he had originally contributed to the Polyglot Bible.[2][3] Produced with editing help from Pedro Ciruelo, this work was published in Alcalá de Henares, and included an Epistle to the Hebrews (Latin: Introductiones Hebraicæ) urging the Jews of Rome and Spain to convert to Christianity.[2][3][6][7] This seven-chapter letter offers arguments for Christianity, Jesus, and the Trinity based on the Old Testament.[2][1] Adolf Neubauer, a Hebrew scholar, describes the arguments as standard for their day,[2] Ho calls their interpretations of scripture "distorted" and "out of context",[1] and historian Paul Rieger questions whether the Jews of Rome actually received the letter at all.[3]

In his many prayers to the God of Israel, he affirmed his faith. He concluded many of his essays on faith with the statement that the only way to survive was to practice the Torah's commandments. In his essays, translations, and annotations, he cited primarily the Jewish commentators Rashi, Radaq, Ibn Ezra, Rambam, Ramban, Ralbag, HaMeiri, and Ba'al HaTurim (A. Ho, "Alfonso de Zamora, the Crypto-Jew," Iberia Judaica XIII (2021): 15-45).

Other translations and copies edit

Alfonso produced Aramaic, Latin and Spanish translations and annotated copies of at least 66 Hebrew works. These include:

Many of these works include Hebrew colophons that asseverate his wide range of sponsors among high-ranking clergy, ambassadors (to Queen Joanna and Henry VIII), and University officials (Ho, 2021).

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b Anonymous, but likely by Alfonso.[2]
  2. ^ Begun by Ḥayyim ben Samuel ben David of Tudela, finished by Alfonso.[2]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e Ho, Ahuva (8 February 2021). "Was one of Catholic Spain's most famous scholars secretly Jewish?". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Neubauer, A. (1 April 1895). Alfonso de Zamora. The Jewish Quarterly Review. pp. 398–417. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d   Kohut, George Alexander (1901–1906). "Alfonso de Zamora". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  4. ^ Cheney, David M. "Pietro Paolo Cardinal Parisio". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018. [self-published]
  5. ^ Bart D. Ehrman (2005). Misquoting Jesus. San Francisco: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-073817-4.
  6. ^ a b Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Alfonso de Zamora" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  7. ^ Los Sefardies De Ayer Y De Hoy - Page 265 Richard Ayoun, Haïm Vidal Séphiha - 2002 "Alfonso de Zamora (Hacia 1474-1544) Erudito español de origen judío; su padre, Juan de Zamora, se exilia en 1492, pero después ... Pablo Núñez Coronel (antiguo rabino) y Alfonso de Alcalá (profesor de medicina en la misma Universidad).
  

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January 01, 1970
alfonso, zamora, this, article, relies, largely, entirely, single, source, relevant, discussion, found, talk, page, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, citations, additional, sources, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2014,. This article relies largely or entirely on a single source Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources Find sources Alfonso de Zamora news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2014 Alfonso de Zamora 1474 c 1545 6 was a Jewish Spanish scholar and a major contributor to the Complutensian Polyglot Bible Like many Spanish Jews during the persecutions of the 15th century Alfonso converted to Catholicism while remaining a Crypto Jew secret Jew Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 Major works 2 2 Other translations and copies 3 Notes 4 ReferencesBiography editBorn in Zamora Spain in 1474 Alfonso was the son of Juan de Zamora a learned Jew He attended a Yeshiva probably the famous Campanton Yeshiva until the age of 18 when he and his family left for Portugal in 1492 before returning in about 1497 already baptized 1 Sources disagree on the exact date of his baptism with some suggesting 1492 or 1506 2 3 Historian Ahuva Ho argues that Alfonso likely continued to secretly practice Judaism for the rest of his life 1 Alfonso was a professor of the Hebrew and Aramaic languages at the University of Salamanca until 1512 when he was moved to the University of Alcala 1 Both Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros and Alfonso de Fonseca were patrons of his work 2 In 1544 Alfonso wrote or translated letters to Pope Paul III and Cardinal Pierpaolo Parisio appealing for protection against Grand Inquisitor Juan Pardo de Tavera s persecution of the university s Hebrew teachers 2 4 In these letters Alfonso describes himself as the last to remain among those exiled by the Alhambra Decree and says that he has had not one day of happiness in his almost seventy years of life 2 Works edit nbsp Introductionis artis Grammaticae hebraica Alcala de Henares 1526 Major works edit Alfonso was a major contributor to the Complutensian Polyglot Bible a project spearheaded by Cisneros Alongside Alfonso de Alcala and Pablo de Coronel he revised the Hebrew text he also translated the Targum Onkelos into Latin for the project as well as prepared the dictionaries and study aids which form the sixth volume of the set 2 5 6 He wrote many essays among them How to Overcome the Plague Loor de Virtudes on Jewish and Spanish Proverbs how to respond to the Inquisition tribunals forced polemics against Jews and Judaism as pretense to safeguard his secret life and poems mostly bemoaning his and the Jews suffering In 1526 Alfonso published Introductiones Artis Grammaticae Hebraicae a second edition of a Hebrew grammar which he had originally contributed to the Polyglot Bible 2 3 Produced with editing help from Pedro Ciruelo this work was published in Alcala de Henares and included an Epistle to the Hebrews Latin Introductiones Hebraicae urging the Jews of Rome and Spain to convert to Christianity 2 3 6 7 This seven chapter letter offers arguments for Christianity Jesus and the Trinity based on the Old Testament 2 1 Adolf Neubauer a Hebrew scholar describes the arguments as standard for their day 2 Ho calls their interpretations of scripture distorted and out of context 1 and historian Paul Rieger questions whether the Jews of Rome actually received the letter at all 3 In his many prayers to the God of Israel he affirmed his faith He concluded many of his essays on faith with the statement that the only way to survive was to practice the Torah s commandments In his essays translations and annotations he cited primarily the Jewish commentators Rashi Radaq Ibn Ezra Rambam Ramban Ralbag HaMeiri and Ba al HaTurim A Ho Alfonso de Zamora the Crypto Jew Iberia Judaica XIII 2021 15 45 Other translations and copies edit Alfonso produced Aramaic Latin and Spanish translations and annotated copies of at least 66 Hebrew works These include the Targum on Prophets for Cisneros 1500 a 1 2 Solomon ibn Gabirol s On Poetry 1516 2 The Accents according to the Italian and Sephardic rites 1516 2 the Masoret Seyag La Torah 1516 2 David Kimhi s dictionary 1516 2 the Targum on the Hagiographa for Cisneros 1517 2 Joseph Ibn Kaspi s grammar and dictionary 1519 2 Moses Kimhi s Mahalakh shevile ha da at 1519 2 the Masora parva and Megillat Antiochus 1520 2 the Book of Genesis for Ciruelo 1520 2 David Kimhi s dictionary without niqqud 1526 2 the Book of Genesis 1527 2 David Kimhi s grammar for Eduardo Leo English ambassador to Emperor Charles V at the suggestion of Pablo de Coronel 1527 2 the Books of Isaiah Daniel and Lamentations 1530 2 introduction to the Targum on Isaiah 1532 a 1 2 David Kimhi s commentary on Isaiah 1534 a 2 2 David Kimhi s dictionary 1534 2 the Targum Onkelos and Targum Pseudo Jonathan 1534 2 the Pentateuch 1536 2 the Book of Exodus 1558 2 David Kimhi s Mikhlol undated 2 David Kimhi s dictionary undated 2 Compendium Alphonsi Zamorse Universorum Legis veteris praseeptorum undated 2 Many of these works include Hebrew colophons that asseverate his wide range of sponsors among high ranking clergy ambassadors to Queen Joanna and Henry VIII and University officials Ho 2021 Notes edit a b Anonymous but likely by Alfonso 2 Begun by Ḥayyim ben Samuel ben David of Tudela finished by Alfonso 2 References edit a b c d e Ho Ahuva 8 February 2021 Was one of Catholic Spain s most famous scholars secretly Jewish Jerusalem Post Retrieved 8 February 2021 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah Neubauer A 1 April 1895 Alfonso de Zamora The Jewish Quarterly Review pp 398 417 Retrieved 13 October 2023 a b c d nbsp Kohut George Alexander 1901 1906 Alfonso de Zamora In Singer Isidore et al eds The Jewish Encyclopedia New York Funk amp Wagnalls Cheney David M Pietro Paolo Cardinal Parisio Catholic Hierarchy org Retrieved June 16 2018 self published Bart D Ehrman 2005 Misquoting Jesus San Francisco HarperCollins ISBN 978 0 06 073817 4 a b Herbermann Charles ed 1913 Alfonso de Zamora Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert Appleton Company Los Sefardies De Ayer Y De Hoy Page 265 Richard Ayoun Haim Vidal Sephiha 2002 Alfonso de Zamora Hacia 1474 1544 Erudito espanol de origen judio su padre Juan de Zamora se exilia en 1492 pero despues Pablo Nunez Coronel antiguo rabino y Alfonso de Alcala profesor de medicina en la misma Universidad nbsp nbsp This biographical article about a Spanish religious figure is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte nbsp This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Judaism is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alfonso de Zamora amp oldid 1216216321, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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