Alexandra Uteev "Alix" Johnson (August 9, 1946 – October 12, 2002) [1] was a United States Foreign Service Officer from 1972 to 1979. She is notable for the controversy that arose in 1979 over two reports that she wrote alleging that Israeli authorities systematically used physical abuse to interrogate Palestinian detainees.
In her work as a visa officer Johnson investigated 29 "visa security cases" involving Palestinians seeking entry into the United States who had been convicted by Israeli military courts of being members of illegal organizations, including the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).[3] Individuals found to be terrorists would be barred by law from entering the United States.[4] According to Johnson, all 29 individuals she interviewed gave similar accounts of being beaten or tortured by Israeli interrogators.[3]
"Jerusalem 1500" controversyedit
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Jerusalem 1500
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Jerusalem 3239
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Jerusalem A-19
Department of State cable denying that U.S. officials knew of or consented to alleged Israeli surveillance of Alexandra U. Johnson in Jerusalem
In May 1978, Johnson's superiors at the consulate approved her draft of a cable to the Department of State describing the abusive interrogation methods that her interviewees claimed that Israeli authorities had used, including "beating with sticks and whips, prolonged immersion in cold water, hanging by the hands and sexual sadism."[3] Classified "confidential," the cable was designated "Jerusalem 1500." It was followed in November by "Jerusalem 3239," classified "secret," in which Johnson concluded that physical mistreatment of Arab detainees in the West Bank was a "systematic practice" of Israeli authorities.[3][5] Returning to Washington in January 1979, Johnson was denied promotion, which led to her automatic dismissal from the Foreign Service for not achieving promotion within her mandatory six-year "probationary" period as a junior officer. Johnson later told The New York Times that she believed her human rights reporting was what led to her dismissal, a charge that the Department of State denied.[6]
On February 7, 1979, The Washington Post published a story about Johnson's cables, indicating that they had influenced the Department of State's decision to describe Israeli abuse of Arab detainees as a "systematic practice" in its annual human rights country report on Israel sent to Congress a few days earlier.[7]Time magazine later reported that Israel's security agency Shin Bet, with the approval of Federal Bureau of Investigationattachés at the United States Embassy in Tel Aviv, had put Johnson under surveillance and wiretapped her telephone while she was still posted to Jerusalem.[8] In a cable to the American Embassy in Tel Aviv and the American Consulate General in Jerusalem, the Department of State denied that American authorities had either received or consented to such a request.[9]Time also reported Shin Bet's allegations that Johnson was involved with terrorists.[8]
Johnson was briefly engaged to be married to one of the alleged torture victims whom she interviewed for her reports. Explaining the relationship to The New York Times, Johnson said that after the man received his visa and went to the United States, he wrote her a letter proposing marriage and that she accepted after visiting him in Chicago in 1978.[6] Johnson said that she broke off the engagement after a few weeks and had not had any contact with her former fiancé since then.[6]
The Israeli embassy in Washington, D.C., "categorically denied" the allegations in Johnson's cables.[10]
Post-controversy career and deathedit
External images
Alexandra Uteev Johnson (front row, center) at a family reunion in 1994.
Alexandra Uteev Johnson (far right) at a family reunion in 1994. Both images displayed at Wilks-Wilkes Reunions: Descendants of Benjamin C. Wilks & Harriet Young, 1947-present.
Johnson, Alexandra U. (1979). Israeli Torture of Palestinian Political Prisoners in Jerusalem and the West Bank: Three State Department Reports. Public Affairs Series No. 14. New York: Americans for Middle East Understanding. OCLC 006311020.
Johnson, Alexandra Uteev (1997). A Union Soldier's Story, Crafting your Ancestor's Military Biography: With a Sample Biography & Regimental History of 2nd U.S. Reserve Corps of Missouri. Enid, OK: Alexandra Johnson Court Reporting Service. OCLC 49631023. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
Johnson, Alexandra Uteev; Westensee, Betty Ruth Ferong (1999). Watrous, Watrus, Waters Family Bibles. Enid, OK: A.U. Johnson. OCLC 46947540.
Johnson, Alexandra Uteev. Preliminary Census History of Walter Watrus (Sr.) and His Descendants: With Additional Documents. Enid, OK: Alexandra U. Johnson. OCLC 732906243.
Johnson, Alexandra Uteev; Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, 1861-1865. Sallie Peacheater Tent 18 (2001). Another Album of Ancestors. Oklahoma City, OK: Oklahoma Historical Society. OCLC 52425650.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Notes and referencesedit
^Nickname from Ann Weber's Enid News and Eagle October 2002 Obituary Index 2008-09-30 at the Wayback Machine (Information repeated at U.S. GenWeb Archives: Obits: Index of Obituaries from The Enid News & Eagle (October 2002) Garfield Co., OK ); Birth and death dates from: Ancestry.com. U.S. Social Security Death Index, 1935-Current (database on-line). Provo, UT, US. Original data: Social Security Administration. Social Security Death Index, Master File.
^Ancestry.com. California Birth Index, 1905-1995 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Original data: State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Sacramento, CA, USA: State of California Department of Health Services, Center for Health Statistics.
^ abcdAlexandra U. Johnson, "Torture Part of Israel Policy?" The Ledger, Lakeland, FL, March 16, 1979, 72:148 at 8A. (Reprinted from The Baltimore Sun).
^An airgram, Jerusalem A-19, sent from the consulate to Washington a few days earlier about a military trial in Ramallah observed by two other consular officials tended to corroborate Johnson's conclusions that abusive interrogation methods were routine.
^ abcBernard Gwertzman, "Ex-U.S. Aide Repeats Charges on Israel," The New York Times, February 9, 1979 at A5.
^T.R. Reid and Edward Cody, "U.S. Reports Indicate Israeli Abuse of Palestinians," The Washington Post, February 7, 1979, A1 at A18, col. 5.
alexandra, uteev, johnson, alexandra, uteev, alix, johnson, august, 1946, october, 2002, united, states, foreign, service, officer, from, 1972, 1979, notable, controversy, that, arose, 1979, over, reports, that, wrote, alleging, that, israeli, authorities, sys. Alexandra Uteev Alix Johnson August 9 1946 October 12 2002 1 was a United States Foreign Service Officer from 1972 to 1979 She is notable for the controversy that arose in 1979 over two reports that she wrote alleging that Israeli authorities systematically used physical abuse to interrogate Palestinian detainees Alexandra Uteev JohnsonAlexandra Uteev Johnson c 1972Born 1946 08 09 August 9 1946Sacramento CaliforniaDiedOctober 12 2002 2002 10 12 aged 56 Enid OklahomaNationalityAmericanAlma materUniversity of California DavisUniversity of California Los AngelesOccupationForeign Service OfficerKnown forReporting alleged physical abuse of Palestinian detainees by Israeli authorities Parent s Thais Uteev Johnson 1914 2017 George Levoy Johnson 1915 1989 Signature Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Jerusalem 1500 controversy 3 Post controversy career and death 4 Monographs by Alexandra Uteev Johnson 5 Notes and referencesEarly life and career editBorn in Sacramento California 2 Johnson graduated from the University of California Davis with a degree in history in 1967 and received an M A in political science from the University of California Los Angeles in 1970 As a Foreign Service Officer she worked as an analyst in the Department of State s Bureau of Intelligence and Research specializing in Soviet relations with Arab countries She received Arabic language training from 1975 to 1977 in Beirut and Tunis and was assigned in February 1977 to the United States Consulate General in Jerusalem as vice consul and post visa officer In her work as a visa officer Johnson investigated 29 visa security cases involving Palestinians seeking entry into the United States who had been convicted by Israeli military courts of being members of illegal organizations including the Palestine Liberation Organization PLO 3 Individuals found to be terrorists would be barred by law from entering the United States 4 According to Johnson all 29 individuals she interviewed gave similar accounts of being beaten or tortured by Israeli interrogators 3 Jerusalem 1500 controversy edit nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Jerusalem 1500 nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Jerusalem 3239 nbsp Wikisource has original text related to this article Jerusalem A 19 nbsp Department of State cable denying that U S officials knew of or consented to alleged Israeli surveillance of Alexandra U Johnson in JerusalemIn May 1978 Johnson s superiors at the consulate approved her draft of a cable to the Department of State describing the abusive interrogation methods that her interviewees claimed that Israeli authorities had used including beating with sticks and whips prolonged immersion in cold water hanging by the hands and sexual sadism 3 Classified confidential the cable was designated Jerusalem 1500 It was followed in November by Jerusalem 3239 classified secret in which Johnson concluded that physical mistreatment of Arab detainees in the West Bank was a systematic practice of Israeli authorities 3 5 Returning to Washington in January 1979 Johnson was denied promotion which led to her automatic dismissal from the Foreign Service for not achieving promotion within her mandatory six year probationary period as a junior officer Johnson later told The New York Times that she believed her human rights reporting was what led to her dismissal a charge that the Department of State denied 6 On February 7 1979 The Washington Post published a story about Johnson s cables indicating that they had influenced the Department of State s decision to describe Israeli abuse of Arab detainees as a systematic practice in its annual human rights country report on Israel sent to Congress a few days earlier 7 Time magazine later reported that Israel s security agency Shin Bet with the approval of Federal Bureau of Investigation attaches at the United States Embassy in Tel Aviv had put Johnson under surveillance and wiretapped her telephone while she was still posted to Jerusalem 8 In a cable to the American Embassy in Tel Aviv and the American Consulate General in Jerusalem the Department of State denied that American authorities had either received or consented to such a request 9 Time also reported Shin Bet s allegations that Johnson was involved with terrorists 8 Johnson was briefly engaged to be married to one of the alleged torture victims whom she interviewed for her reports Explaining the relationship to The New York Times Johnson said that after the man received his visa and went to the United States he wrote her a letter proposing marriage and that she accepted after visiting him in Chicago in 1978 6 Johnson said that she broke off the engagement after a few weeks and had not had any contact with her former fiance since then 6 The Israeli embassy in Washington D C categorically denied the allegations in Johnson s cables 10 Post controversy career and death editExternal images nbsp Alexandra Uteev Johnson front row center at a family reunion in 1994 nbsp Alexandra Uteev Johnson far right at a family reunion in 1994 Both images displayed at Wilks Wilkes Reunions Descendants of Benjamin C Wilks amp Harriet Young 1947 present Following the controversy over her cables Johnson became a court reporter and professional genealogist She died in Enid Oklahoma in 2002 Monographs by Alexandra Uteev Johnson editJohnson Alexandra U 1979 Israeli Torture of Palestinian Political Prisoners in Jerusalem and the West Bank Three State Department Reports Public Affairs Series No 14 New York Americans for Middle East Understanding OCLC 006311020 Johnson Alexandra Uteev 1997 A Union Soldier s Story Crafting your Ancestor s Military Biography With a Sample Biography amp Regimental History of 2nd U S Reserve Corps of Missouri Enid OK Alexandra Johnson Court Reporting Service OCLC 49631023 Retrieved November 2 2013 Johnson Alexandra Uteev Westensee Betty Ruth Ferong 1999 Watrous Watrus Waters Family Bibles Enid OK A U Johnson OCLC 46947540 Johnson Alexandra Uteev Preliminary Census History of Walter Watrus Sr and His Descendants With Additional Documents Enid OK Alexandra U Johnson OCLC 732906243 Johnson Alexandra Uteev Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War 1861 1865 Sallie Peacheater Tent 18 2001 Another Album of Ancestors Oklahoma City OK Oklahoma Historical Society OCLC 52425650 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Notes and references edit Nickname from Ann Weber s Enid News and Eagle October 2002 Obituary Index Archived 2008 09 30 at the Wayback Machine Information repeated at U S GenWeb Archives Obits Index of Obituaries from The Enid News amp Eagle October 2002 Garfield Co OK Birth and death dates from Ancestry com U S Social Security Death Index 1935 Current database on line Provo UT US Original data Social Security Administration Social Security Death Index Master File Ancestry com California Birth Index 1905 1995 database on line Provo UT USA Ancestry com Operations Inc 2005 Original data State of California California Birth Index 1905 1995 Sacramento CA USA State of California Department of Health Services Center for Health Statistics a b c d Alexandra U Johnson Torture Part of Israel Policy The Ledger Lakeland FL March 16 1979 72 148 at 8A Reprinted from The Baltimore Sun The current law is U S C 1182 a 3 B An airgram Jerusalem A 19 sent from the consulate to Washington a few days earlier about a military trial in Ramallah observed by two other consular officials tended to corroborate Johnson s conclusions that abusive interrogation methods were routine a b c Bernard Gwertzman Ex U S Aide Repeats Charges on Israel The New York Times February 9 1979 at A5 T R Reid and Edward Cody U S Reports Indicate Israeli Abuse of Palestinians The Washington Post February 7 1979 A1 at A18 col 5 a b Middle East A Time Bomb for Israel Time February 19 1979 Facsimile available on Wikimedia Commons at Israel Denies Torture Allegations Jewish Telegraph Agency February 7 1979 Retrieved 2014 06 09 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alexandra Uteev Johnson amp oldid 1174759402, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
