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Alexander Belyaev

January 06, 2023

Alexander Romanovich Belyaev (Russian: Алекса́ндр Рома́нович Беля́ев, [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr rɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕ bʲɪˈlʲæɪf]; 16 March [O.S. 4 March] 1884 – 6 January 1942) was a Soviet Russian writer of science fiction. His works from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded figure in Russian science fiction, often referred to as "Russia's Jules Verne".[1] Belyaev's best known books include Professor Dowell's Head, Amphibian Man, Ariel, and The Air Seller.

Alexander Belyaev
Alexander Belyaev
BornАлександр Романович Беляев
(1884-03-16)16 March 1884
Smolensk, Russian Empire
Died6 January 1942(1942-01-06) (aged 57)
Pushkin, USSR
OccupationLawyer, Novelist
NationalityRussian (USSR)
GenreScience fiction, adventure novel
Notable worksThe Air Seller, Professor Dowell's Head, Amphibian Man, Ariel

Biography

 
An illustration to Professor Dowell's Head, a novella about mad scientist reviving a disembodied head

Alexander Belyaev was born in Smolensk in the family of an Orthodox priest. His father, after losing two other children (Alexander's sister Nina died at childhood from sarcoma and his brother Vasiliy, a veterinary student, drowned during a boat trip), wanted him to continue the family tradition and enrolled Alexander into Smolensk seminary. Belyaev, on the other hand, didn't feel particularly religious and even became an atheist in seminary. After graduating he didn't take his vows and enrolled into a law school. While he studied law his father died and he had to support his mother and other family by giving lessons and writing for theater.

After graduating from the school in 1906 Belyaev became a practicing lawyer and made himself a good reputation. In that period his finances markedly improved, and he traveled around the world extensively as a vacation after each successful case. During that time he continued to write, albeit on small scale. Literature, however, proved increasingly appealing to him, and in 1914 he left law to concentrate on his literary pursuits. However, at the same time, at the age of 30, Alexander became ill with tuberculosis.

Treatment was unsuccessful; the infection spread to his spine and resulted in paralysis of the legs. Belyaev suffered constant pain and was paralysed for six years. His wife left him, not wanting to care for the paralyzed. In search for the right treatment he moved to Yalta together with his mother and old nanny. During his convalescence, he read the work of Jules Verne, H. G. Wells, and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, and began to write poetry in his hospital bed.

By 1922 he had overcome the disease and tried to find occupation in Yalta. He served a brief stint as a police inspector, tried other odd jobs such as a librarian, but life remained difficult, and in 1923 he moved to Moscow where he started to practice law again, as a consultant for various Soviet organizations. At the same time Belyaev began his serious literary activity as writer of science fiction novels. In 1925 his first novel, Professor Dowell's Head (Голова Профессора Доуэля) was published. From 1931 he lived in Leningrad with his wife and oldest daughter; his youngest daughter died of meningitis in 1930, aged six. In Leningrad he met H. G. Wells, who visited the USSR in 1934.

In the last years of his life Belyaev lived in the Leningrad suburb of Pushkin (formerly Tsarskoye Selo). At the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War he refused to evacuate because he was recovering after an operation that he had undergone a few months earlier.

Death

Belyaev died of starvation in the Soviet town of Pushkin in 1942 while it was occupied by the Nazis. A German officer and four soldiers carried his body from his home and conducted a burial. The general spoke a short eulogy, saying that when he was a boy, he had loved reading the writer's books translated into German; as a gesture of respect, they gave him an Orthodox burial, in the ground. The exact location of his grave is unknown. A memorial stone at the Kazanskoe cemetery in the town of Pushkin is placed on the mass grave where his body is assumed to be buried.

His wife and daughter survived and were registered as Volksdeutsche (Belyaev's wife's mother was of Swedish descent). Near the end of the war they were taken away to Poland by the Nazis. Due to this, after the war, Soviets treated them as collaborators: they were exiled to Barnaul (Western Siberia) and lived there for 11 years.[2][3]

Posthumous copyright dispute

According to the Soviet copyright law in effect until 1964, Belyaev's works entered the public domain 15 years after his death. In the post-Soviet era, Russia's 1993 copyright law granted copyright protection for 50 years after the author's death. With the adoption of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia in 2004, copyright protection was extended to 70 years after the author's death, and by an additional 4 years for authors who worked or fought during the Great Patriotic War. And a 2006 law stated that the Civil Code's copyright protections described under articles 1281, 1318, 1327, and 1331 do not apply to works whose 50 year p.m.a. copyright term expired before the 1993 law came into force.[4] All of this contributed to confusion about whether or not Belyaev's works are protected by copyright, and for how long.

In 2008, Terra publishing company acquired exclusive rights to print Belyaev's works from his heirs, and proceeded to sue Astrel and AST-Moskva publishing companies (both part of AST) for violating those exclusive rights. The Moscow arbitration court found in favor of Terra, awarding 7.5 billion rubles in damages and barring Astrel from distributing the "illegally published" works.[5] An appellate court found that the awarded damages were calculated unjustifiably and dismissed them.[5] On further appeal, a federal arbitration court found that Belyaev's works entered the public domain on 1 January 1993, and could not enjoy copyright protection at all. In 2010, a Krasnodar cassation panel agreed that Belyaev's works are in the public domain.[6] Finally, in 2011 the Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia found that Belyaev's works are protected by copyright until 1 January 2017 due to his activity during the Great Patriotic War, and remanded the case to lower courts for retrial.[5]

Bibliography

Selected novels

  • Professor Dowell's Head (Голова профессора Доуэля, short story — 1924, novel — 1937), New York, Macmillan, 1980. ISBN 0-02-508370-8
  • The Ruler of the World (Властелин мира, 1926)
  • The Shipwreck Island (Остров погибших кораблей, 1926) Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012. ISBN 1480000310
  • The Amphibian Man (Человек-амфибия, 1928), Moscow, Raduga Publisher, 1986. ISBN 5-05-000659-7
  • The Last Man from Atlantis (Последний человек из Атлантиды, 1926)
  • Battle in the Ether (Борьба в эфире, 1928; 1st edition named Radiopolis — 1927)
  • Eternal Bread (Вечный хлеб, 1928)
  • The Man Who Lost His Face (Человек, потерявший лицо, 1929)
  • The Air Seller (Продавец воздуха, 1929)
  • Hoity Toity (Хойти-Тойти, 1930)
  • Jump into the Void (Прыжок в ничто, 1933)
  • The Wonderful Eye (Чудесное око, 1935)
  • The Air Vessel (Воздушный корабль, 1935)
  • KETs Star (Звезда КЭЦ, 1936) (KETs are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky)
  • The W Lab (Лаборатория Дубльвэ, 1938)
  • The Man Who Found His Face (Человек, нашедший своё лицо, 1940)
  • Ariel (Ариэль, 1941)

Anthologies edited

  • A Visitor from Outer Space (2001)
 
Russian Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Александр Романович Беляев

Film adaptations

  • Amphibian Man («Человек-амфибия», 1961)
  • The Air Seller («Продавец воздуха» 1967)
  • Professor Dowell's Testament («Завещание профессора Доуэля», 1987)
  • Island of Lost Ships («Остров погибших кораблей», 1987)
  • A Satellite of planet Uranus («Спутник планеты Уран», 1990)
  • Ariel («Ариэль», 1992)
  • Rains in the Ocean («Дожди в океане», 1994)
  • Amphibian Man: The Sea Devil («Человек-амфибия: Морской Дьявол», 2004)

References

  1. ^ Русские писатели и поэты. Краткий биографический словарь. Москва, 2000.
  2. ^ МАТЕРИК ПОГИБШИХ КОРАБЛЕЙ 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. 2001.novayagazeta.ru (28 June 2001). Retrieved on 2015-07-07.
  3. ^ Александр Романович Беляев (1942-1984). Alexandrbelyaev.ru. Retrieved on 7 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Федеральный закон от 18.12.2006 № 231-ФЗ" (in Russian). 2006. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  5. ^ a b c Шиняева, Наталья (5 October 2011). "Два года войны продлили срок защиты авторского права фантаста Беляева - решение ВАС" (in Russian). Pravo.ru. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  6. ^ "Суд признал "Человека-амфибию" народным достоянием" (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 22 July 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2017.

External links

January 06, 2023
alexander, belyaev, alexander, romanovich, belyaev, russian, Алекса, ндр, Рома, нович, Беля, ев, ɐlʲɪkˈsandr, rɐˈmanəvʲɪtɕ, bʲɪˈlʲæɪf, march, march, 1884, january, 1942, soviet, russian, writer, science, fiction, works, from, 1920s, 1930s, made, highly, regard. Alexander Romanovich Belyaev Russian Aleksa ndr Roma novich Belya ev ɐlʲɪkˈsandr rɐˈmanevʲɪtɕ bʲɪˈlʲaeɪf 16 March O S 4 March 1884 6 January 1942 was a Soviet Russian writer of science fiction His works from the 1920s and 1930s made him a highly regarded figure in Russian science fiction often referred to as Russia s Jules Verne 1 Belyaev s best known books include Professor Dowell s Head Amphibian Man Ariel and The Air Seller Alexander BelyaevAlexander BelyaevBornAleksandr Romanovich Belyaev 1884 03 16 16 March 1884Smolensk Russian EmpireDied6 January 1942 1942 01 06 aged 57 Pushkin USSROccupationLawyer NovelistNationalityRussian USSR GenreScience fiction adventure novelNotable worksThe Air Seller Professor Dowell s Head Amphibian Man Ariel Contents 1 Biography 2 Death 3 Posthumous copyright dispute 4 Bibliography 4 1 Selected novels 4 2 Anthologies edited 5 Film adaptations 6 References 7 External linksBiography Edit An illustration to Professor Dowell s Head a novella about mad scientist reviving a disembodied head Alexander Belyaev was born in Smolensk in the family of an Orthodox priest His father after losing two other children Alexander s sister Nina died at childhood from sarcoma and his brother Vasiliy a veterinary student drowned during a boat trip wanted him to continue the family tradition and enrolled Alexander into Smolensk seminary Belyaev on the other hand didn t feel particularly religious and even became an atheist in seminary After graduating he didn t take his vows and enrolled into a law school While he studied law his father died and he had to support his mother and other family by giving lessons and writing for theater After graduating from the school in 1906 Belyaev became a practicing lawyer and made himself a good reputation In that period his finances markedly improved and he traveled around the world extensively as a vacation after each successful case During that time he continued to write albeit on small scale Literature however proved increasingly appealing to him and in 1914 he left law to concentrate on his literary pursuits However at the same time at the age of 30 Alexander became ill with tuberculosis Treatment was unsuccessful the infection spread to his spine and resulted in paralysis of the legs Belyaev suffered constant pain and was paralysed for six years His wife left him not wanting to care for the paralyzed In search for the right treatment he moved to Yalta together with his mother and old nanny During his convalescence he read the work of Jules Verne H G Wells and Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and began to write poetry in his hospital bed By 1922 he had overcome the disease and tried to find occupation in Yalta He served a brief stint as a police inspector tried other odd jobs such as a librarian but life remained difficult and in 1923 he moved to Moscow where he started to practice law again as a consultant for various Soviet organizations At the same time Belyaev began his serious literary activity as writer of science fiction novels In 1925 his first novel Professor Dowell s Head Golova Professora Douelya was published From 1931 he lived in Leningrad with his wife and oldest daughter his youngest daughter died of meningitis in 1930 aged six In Leningrad he met H G Wells who visited the USSR in 1934 In the last years of his life Belyaev lived in the Leningrad suburb of Pushkin formerly Tsarskoye Selo At the beginning of the German invasion of the Soviet Union during the Second World War he refused to evacuate because he was recovering after an operation that he had undergone a few months earlier Death EditBelyaev died of starvation in the Soviet town of Pushkin in 1942 while it was occupied by the Nazis A German officer and four soldiers carried his body from his home and conducted a burial The general spoke a short eulogy saying that when he was a boy he had loved reading the writer s books translated into German as a gesture of respect they gave him an Orthodox burial in the ground The exact location of his grave is unknown A memorial stone at the Kazanskoe cemetery in the town of Pushkin is placed on the mass grave where his body is assumed to be buried His wife and daughter survived and were registered as Volksdeutsche Belyaev s wife s mother was of Swedish descent Near the end of the war they were taken away to Poland by the Nazis Due to this after the war Soviets treated them as collaborators they were exiled to Barnaul Western Siberia and lived there for 11 years 2 3 Posthumous copyright dispute EditAccording to the Soviet copyright law in effect until 1964 Belyaev s works entered the public domain 15 years after his death In the post Soviet era Russia s 1993 copyright law granted copyright protection for 50 years after the author s death With the adoption of Part IV of the Civil Code of Russia in 2004 copyright protection was extended to 70 years after the author s death and by an additional 4 years for authors who worked or fought during the Great Patriotic War And a 2006 law stated that the Civil Code s copyright protections described under articles 1281 1318 1327 and 1331 do not apply to works whose 50 year p m a copyright term expired before the 1993 law came into force 4 All of this contributed to confusion about whether or not Belyaev s works are protected by copyright and for how long In 2008 Terra publishing company acquired exclusive rights to print Belyaev s works from his heirs and proceeded to sue Astrel and AST Moskva publishing companies both part of AST for violating those exclusive rights The Moscow arbitration court found in favor of Terra awarding 7 5 billion rubles in damages and barring Astrel from distributing the illegally published works 5 An appellate court found that the awarded damages were calculated unjustifiably and dismissed them 5 On further appeal a federal arbitration court found that Belyaev s works entered the public domain on 1 January 1993 and could not enjoy copyright protection at all In 2010 a Krasnodar cassation panel agreed that Belyaev s works are in the public domain 6 Finally in 2011 the Supreme Court of Arbitration of Russia found that Belyaev s works are protected by copyright until 1 January 2017 due to his activity during the Great Patriotic War and remanded the case to lower courts for retrial 5 Bibliography EditSelected novels Edit Professor Dowell s Head Golova professora Douelya short story 1924 novel 1937 New York Macmillan 1980 ISBN 0 02 508370 8 The Ruler of the World Vlastelin mira 1926 The Shipwreck Island Ostrov pogibshih korablej 1926 Publisher CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform 2012 ISBN 1480000310 The Amphibian Man Chelovek amfibiya 1928 Moscow Raduga Publisher 1986 ISBN 5 05 000659 7 The Last Man from Atlantis Poslednij chelovek iz Atlantidy 1926 Battle in the Ether Borba v efire 1928 1st edition named Radiopolis 1927 Eternal Bread Vechnyj hleb 1928 The Man Who Lost His Face Chelovek poteryavshij lico 1929 The Air Seller Prodavec vozduha 1929 Hoity Toity Hojti Tojti 1930 Jump into the Void Pryzhok v nichto 1933 The Wonderful Eye Chudesnoe oko 1935 The Air Vessel Vozdushnyj korabl 1935 KETs Star Zvezda KEC 1936 KETs are the initials of Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky The W Lab Laboratoriya Dublve 1938 The Man Who Found His Face Chelovek nashedshij svoyo lico 1940 Ariel Ariel 1941 Anthologies edited Edit A Visitor from Outer Space 2001 Russian Wikisource has original text related to this article Aleksandr Romanovich BelyaevFilm adaptations EditAmphibian Man Chelovek amfibiya 1961 The Air Seller Prodavec vozduha 1967 Professor Dowell s Testament Zaveshanie professora Douelya 1987 Island of Lost Ships Ostrov pogibshih korablej 1987 A Satellite of planet Uranus Sputnik planety Uran 1990 Ariel Ariel 1992 Rains in the Ocean Dozhdi v okeane 1994 Amphibian Man The Sea Devil Chelovek amfibiya Morskoj Dyavol 2004 References Edit Russkie pisateli i poety Kratkij biograficheskij slovar Moskva 2000 MATERIK POGIBShIH KORABLEJ Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine 2001 novayagazeta ru 28 June 2001 Retrieved on 2015 07 07 Aleksandr Romanovich Belyaev 1942 1984 Alexandrbelyaev ru Retrieved on 7 July 2015 Federalnyj zakon ot 18 12 2006 231 FZ in Russian 2006 Retrieved 4 November 2017 a b c Shinyaeva Natalya 5 October 2011 Dva goda vojny prodlili srok zashity avtorskogo prava fantasta Belyaeva reshenie VAS in Russian Pravo ru Retrieved 4 November 2017 Sud priznal Cheloveka amfibiyu narodnym dostoyaniem in Russian Lenta ru 22 July 2010 Retrieved 4 November 2017 External links Edit Media related to Alexander Belayev at Wikimedia Commons Alexander Belyaev at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alexander Belyaev amp oldid 1083174495, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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