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Albert Hourani

Albert Habib Hourani CBE (Arabic: ألبرت حبيب حوراني Albart Ḥabīb Ḥūrānī; 31 March 1915 – 17 January 1993) was a Lebanese British historian, specialising in the history of the Middle East and Middle Eastern studies.

Albert Hourani

Native name
ألبرت حبيب حوراني
BornAlbert Habib Hourani
(1915-03-31)31 March 1915
Manchester, Lancashire, England, United Kingdom
Died17 January 1993(1993-01-17) (aged 77)
Oxford, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom
Resting placeWolvercote Cemetery, Oxford
OccupationCivil servant, historian, lecturer
Alma materMagdalen College, Oxford
Years active1946–93
Notable worksA History of the Arab Peoples (1991)
Spouse
Christine Wegg-Prosser
(m. 1977)
Children1
RelativesGeorge Hourani (brother)

Background and education Edit

Hourani was born in Manchester, England, the son of Soumaya Rassi and Fadlo Hourani,[1] immigrants from Marjeyoun in what is now South Lebanon (see Lebanese diaspora). Fadlo had studied at what later became the American University of Beirut and settled in Manchester as a cotton merchant.[2] Albert's brothers were George Hourani, philosopher, historian, and classicist, and Cecil Hourani, economic adviser to President of Tunisia Habib Bourguiba. His family had converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to Scottish Presbyterianism and his father became an elder of the local church in Manchester. Hourani himself, in turn, converted to Catholicism in adulthood. Fadlo had extensive business contacts with the Levantine community both in Manchester and in the Ottoman Empire, and Cecil Hourani commented on the household's mixed Anglo-Levantine culture:

"... to my earliest memories in Manchester there were two faces: the one Near Eastern, Lebanese, full of poetry, politics, and business; the other partly Scottish Presbyterian, full of Sunday church-going and Sunday school, partly English through an English nanny and a succession of English and Irish cooks and maids." [3]

Fadlo Hourani tried to enroll Albert into a preparatory school in Manchester but it did not accept him as it did not take 'foreigners'; Fadlo instead opened an alternative school in which Albert studied until the age of fourteen.[4] He later studied at Mill Hill School, London[5] before attending Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied Philosophy, Politics, Economics and History (with an emphasis on international relations in the politics section of the degree), graduating first in his class in 1936.

The academic H. A. R. Gibb was among his mentors.[6]

Career Edit

He taught in 1938–39 at the American University of Beirut, the first time he had lived in an Arabic speaking country[7] In World War II he worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (aka Chatham House) and in the office of the British Minister of State in Cairo. When in Cairo, Hourani rented a room in Paul Kraus's house; in 1944 Kraus was found hanged in his bathroom for an alleged suicide.

After the war's end, he worked at the Arab Office in Jerusalem and London, where he helped prepare the Arab case for the Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry.[8]

He began his academic career, which would occupy the rest of his life, in 1948, teaching at Magdalen College, St. Antony's College (where he created and directed the college's Middle East Centre), the American University of Beirut, the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania, and Harvard. He ended his academic career as Fellow of St. Antony's and Reader in the History of the Modern Middle East at Oxford. Hourani trained more academic historians of the modern Middle East than any other university historian of his generation. Today his students can be found on the faculties of LSE, Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Yale, University of Pennsylvania, Columbia, MIT and the University of Haifa, among others. He was appointed CBE in the 1980 Birthday Honours.

Influence on Middle Eastern studies Edit

According to historian Rashid Khalidi (quoted from within a series of essays gathered originally for a conference in Hourani's honor), "Hourani’s students, and their students, have over the last few decades effectively populated and then produced the core of the field of modern Middle East history in North America and Europe, and parts of the Middle East and other regions as well (2016)".[6]

Hourani's most popular work is A History of the Arab Peoples (1991), a readable introduction to the history of the Middle East and an international best seller. Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1789–1939 (1962) is one of the first scientific attempts at a comprehensive analysis of the nahda, the Arab revival of the 19th century, and the opening of the Arab world to modern European culture; it remains one of the major works on this subject. Syria and Lebanon. A Political Essay (1946) and Minorities in the Arab World (1947) are other major works. He also wrote extensive works on the orientalist perspective on Middle Eastern cultures through the 18th and 19th centuries, and he developed the influential concept of the "urban notables" – political and social elites in provincial Middle Eastern cities and towns that served as intermediaries between imperial capitals (such as Istanbul under the Ottoman Turks) and provincial society.

The top book prize in the Middle Eastern studies field is named the Albert Hourani Book Award and it is given annually by the Middle East Studies Association of North America (MESA). Hourani was an Honorary Fellow of both MESA and the American Historical Association (AHA).

Among his students are Abbas Amanat, Nazih Ayubi, Aziz al-Azmeh, Michael Gilsenan, Rashid Khalidi, Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid Marsot, Roger Owen, and André Raymond (and others).[6]

Personal life Edit

 
Hourani's headstone in Wolvercote Cemetery, Oxford

In 1955 Hourani married Christine Mary Odile Wegg-Prosser (1914–2003), while teaching at Magdalen College, Oxford. He died in Oxford in 1993 at the age of 77. His widow died in 2003 at the age of 89. Both are buried in Wolvercote Cemetery in Oxford.

They had a daughter, Susanna Hourani, who became professor of pharmacology and Head of Department in the School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences of the University of Surrey.

References Edit

  1. ^ . The Mahfood Family Site. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2008.
  2. ^ Marmura, Michael E. (1984). Islamic Theology and Philosophy: Studies in Honor of George F. Hourani. New York: SUNY. p. Introduction.
  3. ^ Hourani, Albert (1 January 2013). A History of the Arab Peoples: Updated Edition. Faber & Faber. ISBN 9780571302499.
  4. ^ Seddon, Mohammad Siddique. "Muslim and Jewish Communities in Nineteenth Century Manchester" (PDF). Royal Holloway, University of London.[dead link]
  5. ^ "Hourani, Albert Habib". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 8 October 2009. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/38365. Retrieved 12 May 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  6. ^ a b c Arabic thought beyond the liberal age : towards an intellectual history of the Nahda. Jens Hanssen, Max Weiss. Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2016. p. 378. ISBN 978-1-316-65774-4. OCLC 970815349.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ^ Al-Sudairi, Abdulaziz (1991). A Vision of the Middle East: An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani. I.B.Tauris. p. 21.
  8. ^ Joel Beinin, 'Arab Liberal Intellectuals and the Partition of Palestine', in Arie M. Dubnov and Laura Robson, eds, Partitions : A Transnational History of Twentieth-Century Territorial Separatism, Stanford University Press, 2019, pp.203-223

Sources Edit

  • Al-Sudairi, Abdulaziz A. A Vision of the Middle East: An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani. London: I.B. Tauris.

External links Edit

  • (PDF). The College Record. St Antony's College, Oxford. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2006.
  • . Bulletin of the Middle East Studies Association. Archived from the original on 18 February 2006.

albert, hourani, albert, habib, hourani, arabic, ألبرت, حبيب, حوراني, albart, Ḥabīb, Ḥūrānī, march, 1915, january, 1993, lebanese, british, historian, specialising, history, middle, east, middle, eastern, studies, cbenative, nameألبرت, حبيب, حورانيbornalbert, . Albert Habib Hourani CBE Arabic ألبرت حبيب حوراني Albart Ḥabib Ḥurani 31 March 1915 17 January 1993 was a Lebanese British historian specialising in the history of the Middle East and Middle Eastern studies Albert HouraniCBENative nameألبرت حبيب حورانيBornAlbert Habib Hourani 1915 03 31 31 March 1915Manchester Lancashire England United KingdomDied17 January 1993 1993 01 17 aged 77 Oxford Oxfordshire England United KingdomResting placeWolvercote Cemetery OxfordOccupationCivil servant historian lecturerAlma materMagdalen College OxfordYears active1946 93Notable worksA History of the Arab Peoples 1991 SpouseChristine Wegg Prosser m 1977 wbr Children1RelativesGeorge Hourani brother Contents 1 Background and education 2 Career 3 Influence on Middle Eastern studies 4 Personal life 5 References 6 Sources 7 External linksBackground and education EditHourani was born in Manchester England the son of Soumaya Rassi and Fadlo Hourani 1 immigrants from Marjeyoun in what is now South Lebanon see Lebanese diaspora Fadlo had studied at what later became the American University of Beirut and settled in Manchester as a cotton merchant 2 Albert s brothers were George Hourani philosopher historian and classicist and Cecil Hourani economic adviser to President of Tunisia Habib Bourguiba His family had converted from Eastern Orthodoxy to Scottish Presbyterianism and his father became an elder of the local church in Manchester Hourani himself in turn converted to Catholicism in adulthood Fadlo had extensive business contacts with the Levantine community both in Manchester and in the Ottoman Empire and Cecil Hourani commented on the household s mixed Anglo Levantine culture to my earliest memories in Manchester there were two faces the one Near Eastern Lebanese full of poetry politics and business the other partly Scottish Presbyterian full of Sunday church going and Sunday school partly English through an English nanny and a succession of English and Irish cooks and maids 3 Fadlo Hourani tried to enroll Albert into a preparatory school in Manchester but it did not accept him as it did not take foreigners Fadlo instead opened an alternative school in which Albert studied until the age of fourteen 4 He later studied at Mill Hill School London 5 before attending Magdalen College Oxford where he studied Philosophy Politics Economics and History with an emphasis on international relations in the politics section of the degree graduating first in his class in 1936 The academic H A R Gibb was among his mentors 6 Career EditHe taught in 1938 39 at the American University of Beirut the first time he had lived in an Arabic speaking country 7 In World War II he worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs aka Chatham House and in the office of the British Minister of State in Cairo When in Cairo Hourani rented a room in Paul Kraus s house in 1944 Kraus was found hanged in his bathroom for an alleged suicide After the war s end he worked at the Arab Office in Jerusalem and London where he helped prepare the Arab case for the Anglo American Committee of Inquiry 8 He began his academic career which would occupy the rest of his life in 1948 teaching at Magdalen College St Antony s College where he created and directed the college s Middle East Centre the American University of Beirut the University of Chicago the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard He ended his academic career as Fellow of St Antony s and Reader in the History of the Modern Middle East at Oxford Hourani trained more academic historians of the modern Middle East than any other university historian of his generation Today his students can be found on the faculties of LSE Oxford Cambridge Harvard Yale University of Pennsylvania Columbia MIT and the University of Haifa among others He was appointed CBE in the 1980 Birthday Honours Influence on Middle Eastern studies EditAccording to historian Rashid Khalidi quoted from within a series of essays gathered originally for a conference in Hourani s honor Hourani s students and their students have over the last few decades effectively populated and then produced the core of the field of modern Middle East history in North America and Europe and parts of the Middle East and other regions as well 2016 6 Hourani s most popular work is A History of the Arab Peoples 1991 a readable introduction to the history of the Middle East and an international best seller Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age 1789 1939 1962 is one of the first scientific attempts at a comprehensive analysis of the nahda the Arab revival of the 19th century and the opening of the Arab world to modern European culture it remains one of the major works on this subject Syria and Lebanon A Political Essay 1946 and Minorities in the Arab World 1947 are other major works He also wrote extensive works on the orientalist perspective on Middle Eastern cultures through the 18th and 19th centuries and he developed the influential concept of the urban notables political and social elites in provincial Middle Eastern cities and towns that served as intermediaries between imperial capitals such as Istanbul under the Ottoman Turks and provincial society The top book prize in the Middle Eastern studies field is named the Albert Hourani Book Award and it is given annually by the Middle East Studies Association of North America MESA Hourani was an Honorary Fellow of both MESA and the American Historical Association AHA Among his students are Abbas Amanat Nazih Ayubi Aziz al Azmeh Michael Gilsenan Rashid Khalidi Afaf Lutfi al Sayyid Marsot Roger Owen and Andre Raymond and others 6 Personal life Edit nbsp Hourani s headstone in Wolvercote Cemetery OxfordIn 1955 Hourani married Christine Mary Odile Wegg Prosser 1914 2003 while teaching at Magdalen College Oxford He died in Oxford in 1993 at the age of 77 His widow died in 2003 at the age of 89 Both are buried in Wolvercote Cemetery in Oxford They had a daughter Susanna Hourani who became professor of pharmacology and Head of Department in the School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences of the University of Surrey References Edit The Horany Hourani Connection The Mahfood Family Site Archived from the original on 19 October 2016 Retrieved 23 May 2008 Marmura Michael E 1984 Islamic Theology and Philosophy Studies in Honor of George F Hourani New York SUNY p Introduction Hourani Albert 1 January 2013 A History of the Arab Peoples Updated Edition Faber amp Faber ISBN 9780571302499 Seddon Mohammad Siddique Muslim and Jewish Communities in Nineteenth Century Manchester PDF Royal Holloway University of London dead link Hourani Albert Habib Oxford Dictionary of National Biography online ed Oxford University Press 8 October 2009 doi 10 1093 ref odnb 38365 Retrieved 12 May 2019 Subscription or UK public library membership required a b c Arabic thought beyond the liberal age towards an intellectual history of the Nahda Jens Hanssen Max Weiss Cambridge United Kingdom 2016 p 378 ISBN 978 1 316 65774 4 OCLC 970815349 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint others link Al Sudairi Abdulaziz 1991 A Vision of the Middle East An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani I B Tauris p 21 Joel Beinin Arab Liberal Intellectuals and the Partition of Palestine in Arie M Dubnov and Laura Robson eds Partitions A Transnational History of Twentieth Century Territorial Separatism Stanford University Press 2019 pp 203 223Sources EditAl Sudairi Abdulaziz A A Vision of the Middle East An Intellectual Biography of Albert Hourani London I B Tauris External links Edit Albert Hourani Islam Christianity and Orientalism PDF The College Record St Antony s College Oxford 2003 Archived from the original PDF on 11 May 2006 Albert Hourani 1915 93 Bulletin of the Middle East Studies Association Archived from the original on 18 February 2006 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Albert Hourani amp oldid 1175728544, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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