Alagwa has five vowels (/a, e, i, u, o/). The five vowels have contrastive long counterparts [3] and there are two diphthongs (/ay, aw/). Alagwa also has 29 consonants, including ejectives (/ts, q, qʷ/), pharyngeal fricatives( /ħ, ʕ/), and labialized velars and uvulars. [4]
There are two tone levels in Alagwa: low and high tone e.g., darimbáa "grass". Tone has grammatical function and limited lexical function. However, it cannot be described as a tone language because some words have only one tone (despite the number of the syllables) and the majority have none.[3]
Mainly, there are two intonation types: concluding intonation and non-concluding.[3]
Word orderedit
Alagwa sentences have a generalized order [Subject X Auxiliary Y Verb Z], and elements of the sentence other than the subject appear in the positions labelled X, Y, and Z, depending on their information status in the clause. New material tends to appear in the post-verbal position, Z, while old information appears in the pre-auxiliary position, X.
The following example (Kiessling 2007:138) shows the noun yaawáa 'dowry' introduced as new information after the verb in the first sentence and repeated as old information before the auxiliary ningi in the second sentence.
^Raymond G. Gordon Jr., ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
^ abcMous, Maarten (2016). Alagwa--a South Cushitic language of Tanzania: grammar, texts and lexicon. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. p. 18. ISBN978-3-89645-492-8. OCLC 982490560.
^Maghway, Josephat B. (2008). "Alaagwa'isa phonology". Occasional Papers in Linguistics (OPiL). 3: 82–96.
Bibliographyedit
Kiesling, Roland. 2007. Alagwa functional sentence perspective and "incorporation". Omotic and Cushitic Language Studies. Papers from the Fourth Cushitic Omotic Conference, Leiden, 10–12 April 2003. Edited by Azeb Amha, Maarten Mous, Graziano Savà. Rüdiger Köppe Verlag. ISBN978-3-89645-482-9.
Maghway, Josephat B. 2008. Alaagwa'isa Phonology. In Occasional papers in linguistics (OPiL), Vol. 3, 82-96
Mous, Maarten. 2001. Alagwa basic syntax. In New data and new methods in Afroasiatic linguistics. Zaborski, Andrzej (ed.), 125-135. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
alagwa, language, alagwa, alaagwa, cushitic, language, spoken, tanzania, dodoma, region, some, alagwa, have, shifted, other, languages, such, sandawe, alagwaalagwaisanative, totanzaniaregiondodomaethnicityalagwanative, speakers53, 2009, language, familyafro, a. Alagwa Alaagwa isa is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma region 2 Some Alagwa have shifted to other languages such as Sandawe AlagwaAlagwaisaNative toTanzaniaRegionDodomaEthnicityAlagwaNative speakers53 000 2009 1 Language familyAfro Asiatic CushiticSouthWest RiftNW RiftAlagwaWriting systemLatinLanguage codesISO 639 3 a href https iso639 3 sil org code wbj class extiw title iso639 3 wbj wbj a Glottologalag1248ELPAlagwa Contents 1 Grammar 1 1 Phonology 1 2 Word order 2 References 3 BibliographyGrammar editPhonology edit Alagwa has five vowels a e i u o The five vowels have contrastive long counterparts 3 and there are two diphthongs ay aw Alagwa also has 29 consonants including ejectives ts q qʷ pharyngeal fricatives ħ ʕ and labialized velars and uvulars 4 There are two tone levels in Alagwa low and high tone e g darimbaa grass Tone has grammatical function and limited lexical function However it cannot be described as a tone language because some words have only one tone despite the number of the syllables and the majority have none 3 Mainly there are two intonation types concluding intonation and non concluding 3 Word order edit Alagwa sentences have a generalized order Subject X Auxiliary Y Verb Z and elements of the sentence other than the subject appear in the positions labelled X Y and Z depending on their information status in the clause New material tends to appear in the post verbal position Z while old information appears in the pre auxiliary position X The following example Kiessling 2007 138 shows the noun yaawaa dowry introduced as new information after the verb in the first sentence and repeated as old information before the auxiliary ningi in the second sentence makimoo w od guy M Dning aaSEQ S3 ABLxay ee come 3 PF PLningiSEQ S3bu i yee pay 3 PF PLyaawaadowrymakimoo w od ning aa xay ee ningi bu i yee yaawaaguy M D SEQ S3 ABL come 3 PF PL SEQ S3 pay 3 PF PL dowry that guy they i e the lions came and paid the dowry maasodende ee w osfolks N 3SG POSSyaawaadowryningiSEQ O3PLbu i yee pay 3 PF PLmaa dende ee w os yaawaa ningi bu i yee so folks N 3SG POSS dowry SEQ O3PL pay 3 PF PL His folks paid the dowry References edit Alagwa at Ethnologue 27th ed 2024 nbsp Raymond G Gordon Jr ed 2005 Ethnologue Languages of the World 15th edition Dallas Summer Institute of Linguistics a b c Mous Maarten 2016 Alagwa a South Cushitic language of Tanzania grammar texts and lexicon Koln Rudiger Koppe p 18 ISBN 978 3 89645 492 8 OCLC 982490560 Maghway Josephat B 2008 Alaagwa isa phonology Occasional Papers in Linguistics OPiL 3 82 96 Bibliography editKiesling Roland 2007 Alagwa functional sentence perspective and incorporation Omotic and Cushitic Language Studies Papers from the Fourth Cushitic Omotic Conference Leiden 10 12 April 2003 Edited by Azeb Amha Maarten Mous Graziano Sava Rudiger Koppe Verlag ISBN 978 3 89645 482 9 Maghway Josephat B 2008 Alaagwa isa Phonology In Occasional papers in linguistics OPiL Vol 3 82 96 Mous Maarten 2001 Alagwa basic syntax In New data and new methods in Afroasiatic linguistics Zaborski Andrzej ed 125 135 Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz This Afroasiatic languages related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Alagwa language amp oldid 1210012867, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
