Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza al-Thawrī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ; 716–778 CE / 97–161 AH), commonly known as Sufyān al-Thawrī (Arabic: سُفْيَان ٱلثَّوْرِيّ), was a Sunni Muslimscholar, jurist, ascetic, traditionist, and eponymous founder of the Thawri school of Islamic jurisprudence, considered one of the Eight Ascetics.[1][2][3]
Ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakān ibn Thawr ٱبْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة بْن حَبِيب بْن مَوْهِبَة بْن نَصْر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن مَلَكَان بْن ثَوْر
Sufyan al-Thawri's full name is Abū ʿAbd Allāh Sufyān ibn Saʿīd ibn Masrūq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabīb ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakān ibn Thawr al-Thawrī al-Rabābī al-Tamīmī al-Muḍarī al-Kūfī (Arabic: أَبُو عَبْد ٱللَّٰه سُفْيَان بْن سَعِيد بْن مَسْرُوق بْن حَمْرَة بْن حَبِيب بْن مَوْهِبَة بْن نَصْر بْن ثَعْلَبَة بْن مَلَكَان بْن ثَوْر ٱلثَّوْرِيّ ٱلرَّبَابِيّ ٱلتَّمِيمِيّ ٱلْمُضَرِيّ ٱلْكُوفِيّ).
Biographyedit
Sufyan al-Thawri was born in Khorosan. His nisba, al-Thawri, is derived from his ancestor Thawr ibn Abd Manah.[4] He moved to Kufa for his education, and in his youth supported the family of Ali ibn Abi Talib against the Umayyad Caliphate. By 748, he had moved to Basra, where he met Abd Allah ibn Awn and Ayyub al-Sikhtiyani. He learned some aspects of Shiasm from them, which he later abandoned.[5][6][7] It is said the Umayyad authorities offered him high office positions; however, he consistently declined.[8] It is narrated he refused to give to the caliphs moral and religious advice, and when asked why, he responded: "When the sea overflows, who can dam it up?"[9] He was also quoted to have said to a companion of his, "Beware of drawing close and associating with he rulers; do not be deceived by being told that you can drive inequity away. All of this is the deceit of the Devil, which the wicked reciters have taken as a ladder [to self promotion]."[10]
Al-Thawri's jurisprudential thought (usul al-fiqh), after his move to Basra, became more closely aligned to that of the Umayyads and of al-Awza'i.[1] He is reported to have regarded the jihad as an obligation only as a defensive war.[11]
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya relates in Madarij al-salikin, and Ibn al-Jawzi in the chapter entitled "Abu Hashim al-Zahid" in his Sifat al-safwa after the early hadith master Abu Nu`aym in his Hilyat al-awliya, that Sufyan al-Thawri said:
If it were not for Abu Hashim al-Sufi (d. 115) I would have never perceived the presence of the subtlest forms of hypocrisy in the self... Among the best of people is the Sufi learned in jurisprudence.[12]
Ibn al-Jawzi also narrates the following:
Abu Hashim al-Zahid said: "Allah has stamped alienation upon the world in order that the friendly company of the murideen (seekers) consist solely in being with Him and not with the world, and in order that those who obey Him come to Him by means of avoiding the world. The People of Knowledge of Allah (ahl al-ma`rifa billah) are strangers in the world and long for the hereafter."[13]
He spent the last year of his life hiding after a dispute between him and the caliph al-Mahdi. On his death the Thawri madhhab was taken up by his students, including Yahya al-Qattan.[1] His school did not survive, but his juridical thought and especially hadith transmission are highly regarded in Islam, and have influenced all the major schools.
Stories of Sufyan ath-Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar's Tadhkirat al-Awliya, a collection of Sufi hagiographies compiled in the twelfth/thirteenth century.[14]
Worksedit
Of his books, perhaps best known is his Tafsir of the Qur'an, one of the earliest in the genre. An Indian MSS purports to preserve it up to Q. 52:13, as published by Imtiyâz ʿAlî ʿArshî in 1965; also Tabari's tafsir quotes extensively from the whole text. He also preserved the books of his Umayyad predecessors.[15]
^ abcSteven C. Judd, “Competitive hagiography in biographies of al-Awzaʿi and Sufyan al-Thawri”, Journal of the American Oriental Society 122:1 (Jan–March, 2002).
^"Sufism in Islam". www.livingislam.org. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
^"Sufyan ath-Thawri ibn Said". Wajibad. 2015-10-10. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
^Plessner, M. (2012-04-24). "Sufyān al-T̲h̲awrī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, First Edition (1913–1936).
^Abu Jafar ibn Jarir al-Tabari, "Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors". Translated as an appendix to his History, v. 39, by Ella Landau-Tasseron (SUNY Press, 1998), 258. Ayyub had died by 748 so Sufyan must have moved prior to then.
^Michael Dann,Contested Boundaries: The Reception of Shīʿite Narrators in the Sunnī Hadith Tradition, 2015,page 59
^Fihrist, 225; Abu Nu`aym, V1. 356–93, VH. 3-144; EI, 1v. 500-2
^Michael Cook. (2003). Forbidding Wrong in Islam: An Introduction. p. 77. The 'Abbasid rebellion had begun 747 CE, and ended with their victory 750. The coastal metaphor implies a setting in Basra, and besides the Umayyads would hardly have offered a position to a twenty-something Shi'ite.
^Muhammad Qasim Zaman. (1997). Religion and Politics Under the Early 'Abbasids: The Emergence of the Proto-Sunni Elite. p. 79.
^Angeliki E. Laiou, et al. (2001). The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. p. 23.
^Ibn Qayyim, Madarij al-salikin; Ibn al-Jawzi, Sifat al-safwa (Beirut: dar al-kutub al-`ilmiyya, 1403/1989)
^203 (#254); Abu Nu`aym, Hilyat al-awliya, s.v. "Abu Hashim al-Sufi."(2) Ibn al-Jawzi, op. cit.
^Muslim Saints and Mystics: Episodes from the Tadhkirat al-Auliya’ (Memorial of the Saints) by Farid al-Din Attar. Translated by Arberry, A.J. Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1966.
^e.g. Andrew Rippin, “al-Zuhri, naskh al-Qur’an and the Problem of Early tafsir Texts”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 47 (1984), 22–43; this ancient and slightly corrupted document has Thawri's name in the isnad.
sufyan, thawri, abū, ʿabd, allāh, sufyān, saʿīd, masrūq, Ḥamza, thawrī, muḍarī, kūfī, arabic, ٱلل, ان, يد, وق, ٱلث, ٱل, ٱل, وف, commonly, known, sufyān, thawrī, arabic, ان, ٱلث, sunni, muslim, scholar, jurist, ascetic, traditionist, eponymous, founder, thawri,. Abu ʿAbd Allah Sufyan ibn Saʿid ibn Masruq ibn Ḥamza al Thawri al Muḍari al Kufi Arabic أ ب و ع ب د ٱلل ه س ف ي ان ب ن س ع يد ب ن م س ر وق ب ن ح م ر ة ٱلث و ر ي ٱل م ض ر ي ٱل ك وف ي 716 778 CE 97 161 AH commonly known as Sufyan al Thawri Arabic س ف ي ان ٱلث و ر ي was a Sunni Muslim scholar jurist ascetic traditionist and eponymous founder of the Thawri school of Islamic jurisprudence considered one of the Eight Ascetics 1 2 3 Sufyan al Thawriس ف ي ان ٱلث و ر ي TitleShaykh of Islam ImamPersonalBorn716 CE 97 AHKhorasan Umayyad CaliphateDied778 CE aged 61 62 161 AH aged 63 64 Basra Abbasid CaliphateReligionIslamEraIslamic Golden AgeRegionKufaDenominationSunniJurisprudenceIndependentist Founder of the Thawri schoolMain interest s Jurisprudence asceticism creed hadithOccupationScholar jurist theologian traditionistArabic namePersonal Ism Sufyanس ف ي انPatronymic Nasab Ibn Saʿid ibn Masruq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabib ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakan ibn Thawrٱب ن س ع يد ب ن م س ر وق ب ن ح م ر ة ب ن ح ب يب ب ن م و ه ب ة ب ن ن ص ر ب ن ث ع ل ب ة ب ن م ل ك ان ب ن ث و رTeknonymic Kunya Abu ʿAbd Allahأ ب و ع ب د ٱلل هToponymic Nisba Al Thawri al Rababi al Tamimi al Muḍari al Kufiٱلث و ر ي ٱلر ب اب ي ٱلت م يم ي ٱل م ض ر ي ٱل ك وف ي Muslim leaderInfluenced by Ayyub al Sikhtiyani ar Shu ba ibn al Hajjaj Ja far al Sadiq Malik ibn AnasInfluenced Abu Sulayman al Darani Ibn al Mubarak Sufyan ibn Uyayna Abd al Razzaq al San ani Contents 1 Name and lineage 2 Biography 3 Works 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksName and lineage editSufyan al Thawri s full name is Abu ʿAbd Allah Sufyan ibn Saʿid ibn Masruq ibn Ḥamza ibn Ḥabib ibn Mawhiba ibn Naṣr ibn Thaʿlaba ibn Malakan ibn Thawr al Thawri al Rababi al Tamimi al Muḍari al Kufi Arabic أ ب و ع ب د ٱلل ه س ف ي ان ب ن س ع يد ب ن م س ر وق ب ن ح م ر ة ب ن ح ب يب ب ن م و ه ب ة ب ن ن ص ر ب ن ث ع ل ب ة ب ن م ل ك ان ب ن ث و ر ٱلث و ر ي ٱلر ب اب ي ٱلت م يم ي ٱل م ض ر ي ٱل ك وف ي Biography editSufyan al Thawri was born in Khorosan His nisba al Thawri is derived from his ancestor Thawr ibn Abd Manah 4 He moved to Kufa for his education and in his youth supported the family of Ali ibn Abi Talib against the Umayyad Caliphate By 748 he had moved to Basra where he met Abd Allah ibn Awn and Ayyub al Sikhtiyani He learned some aspects of Shiasm from them which he later abandoned 5 6 7 It is said the Umayyad authorities offered him high office positions however he consistently declined 8 It is narrated he refused to give to the caliphs moral and religious advice and when asked why he responded When the sea overflows who can dam it up 9 He was also quoted to have said to a companion of his Beware of drawing close and associating with he rulers do not be deceived by being told that you can drive inequity away All of this is the deceit of the Devil which the wicked reciters have taken as a ladder to self promotion 10 Al Thawri s jurisprudential thought usul al fiqh after his move to Basra became more closely aligned to that of the Umayyads and of al Awza i 1 He is reported to have regarded the jihad as an obligation only as a defensive war 11 Ath Thawri was one of the Eight Ascetics who included usual list Amir ibn Abd al Qays Abu Muslim al Khawlani Uways al Qarani al Rabi ibn Khuthaym al Aswad ibn Yazid Masruq ibn al Ajda and Hasan al Basri Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyya relates in Madarij al salikin and Ibn al Jawzi in the chapter entitled Abu Hashim al Zahid in his Sifat al safwa after the early hadith master Abu Nu aym in his Hilyat al awliya that Sufyan al Thawri said If it were not for Abu Hashim al Sufi d 115 I would have never perceived the presence of the subtlest forms of hypocrisy in the self Among the best of people is the Sufi learned in jurisprudence 12 Ibn al Jawzi also narrates the following Abu Hashim al Zahid said Allah has stamped alienation upon the world in order that the friendly company of the murideen seekers consist solely in being with Him and not with the world and in order that those who obey Him come to Him by means of avoiding the world The People of Knowledge of Allah ahl al ma rifa billah are strangers in the world and long for the hereafter 13 He spent the last year of his life hiding after a dispute between him and the caliph al Mahdi On his death the Thawri madhhab was taken up by his students including Yahya al Qattan 1 His school did not survive but his juridical thought and especially hadith transmission are highly regarded in Islam and have influenced all the major schools Stories of Sufyan ath Thawri were also collected in Fariduddin Attar s Tadhkirat al Awliya a collection of Sufi hagiographies compiled in the twelfth thirteenth century 14 Works editOf his books perhaps best known is his Tafsir of the Qur an one of the earliest in the genre An Indian MSS purports to preserve it up to Q 52 13 as published by Imtiyaz ʿAli ʿArshi in 1965 also Tabari s tafsir quotes extensively from the whole text He also preserved the books of his Umayyad predecessors 15 See also editList of Sufis Abu Sulayman al DaraniReferences edit a b c Steven C Judd Competitive hagiography in biographies of al Awzaʿi and Sufyan al Thawri Journal of the American Oriental Society 122 1 Jan March 2002 Sufism in Islam www livingislam org Retrieved 2021 07 31 Sufyan ath Thawri ibn Said Wajibad 2015 10 10 Retrieved 2021 07 31 Plessner M 2012 04 24 Sufyan al T h awri Encyclopaedia of Islam First Edition 1913 1936 Abu Jafar ibn Jarir al Tabari Biographies of the Prophet s Companions and Their Successors Translated as an appendix to his History v 39 by Ella Landau Tasseron SUNY Press 1998 258 Ayyub had died by 748 so Sufyan must have moved prior to then Michael Dann Contested Boundaries The Reception of Shiʿite Narrators in the Sunni Hadith Tradition 2015 page 59 Siyar a lam al nubala Al Dahabi Fihrist 225 Abu Nu aym V1 356 93 VH 3 144 EI 1v 500 2 Michael Cook 2003 Forbidding Wrong in Islam An Introduction p 77 The Abbasid rebellion had begun 747 CE and ended with their victory 750 The coastal metaphor implies a setting in Basra and besides the Umayyads would hardly have offered a position to a twenty something Shi ite Muhammad Qasim Zaman 1997 Religion and Politics Under the Early Abbasids The Emergence of the Proto Sunni Elite p 79 Angeliki E Laiou et al 2001 The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World p 23 Ibn Qayyim Madarij al salikin Ibn al Jawzi Sifat al safwa Beirut dar al kutub al ilmiyya 1403 1989 203 254 Abu Nu aym Hilyat al awliya s v Abu Hashim al Sufi 2 Ibn al Jawzi op cit Muslim Saints and Mystics Episodes from the Tadhkirat al Auliya Memorial of the Saints by Farid al Din Attar Translated by Arberry A J Routledge amp Kegan Paul 1966 e g Andrew Rippin al Zuhri naskh al Qur an and the Problem of Early tafsir Texts Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 47 1984 22 43 this ancient and slightly corrupted document has Thawri s name in the isnad External links editBiodata at MuslimScholars info Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Islam nbsp Iraq Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sufyan al Thawri amp oldid 1221863716, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
