Mahmoud Khalil Al-Hussary
Mahmoud Khalil al-Hussary (Arabic: ٱلشِـيـْخ محمُود خَلِيـْل الْحُصـري), also known as Al-Hussary, was an Egyptian Qari widely acclaimed for his accurate recitation of the Qur'an.[1][2][3][5] Al-Hussary committed the entire Qur'an to memory by age 8 and started reciting at public gatherings by age 12. In 1944, Al-Hussary won Egypt Radio's Qu'ran Recitation competition which had around 200 participants, including veterans like Muhammad Rifat.[5] The quadrumvirate of El Minshawy, Abdul Basit, Mustafa Ismail, and Al-Hussary, who belong to the famous and well-respected "Egyptian Reciting School", are generally considered the most important and famous Qurra' of modern times to have had an outsized impact on the Islamic world.[6][7][8][9]: 83
Shaykh al Maqâri Mahmoud Khalil Al-Hussary | |
|---|---|
ٱلشِـيـْخ محمُود خَلِيـْل الْحُصـري | |
| Personal | |
| Born | Mahmoud Khalil September 17, 1917 |
| Died | November 24, 1980 (aged 63) |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Nationality | Egyptian |
| Children |
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| Alma mater | Al Azhar University,[1] Cairo |
| Known for | |
| Other names |
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| Occupation |
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| Senior posting | |
| Website | elhosary |
| At-Tin (murattal), Al-Hussary | |
Career
Early life
Mahmoud entered the Qur'an School at the age of four, and by age 9[1][10] (or by 11),[5] he had already memorized the entire Qur'an. By age 11, he had enrolled for training at the acclaimed al-Badawi Mosque in Tanta.[5] He later joined Al-Azhar University in Cairo[1] and was conferred with diploma in "al-Qira'at al-'Ashr" (Arabic: القِـراءات العَـشر, lit. 'the ten recitations').[11][10]
Service
He moved to Cairo and joined Egypt's official Qur'an radio station as a reciter making his first appearance on February 16, 1944. Just a year later, in 1945, al-Hussary was appointed reciter at the Ahmad al-Badawi mosque.[5][10] On August 7, 1948, he was nominated mu'adhin of the Sidi Hamza Mosque and later, a Muqri (Arabic: مُقْرِئْ, lit. 'reciter') at the same mosque.[12] He also supervised recitation centers in the al-Gharbia province.[12] Though a conflicting report claims he served at the Ahmad al-Badawi mosque for 10 straight years.[5]
In 1955, he was appointed to the Al-Hussein Mosque in Cairo and remained in-service there for 29 years, until his death.[5][12]
At Al-Azhar
After returning to Cairo, al-Hussary studied and taught at Al-Azhar University.[5] In 1960, he led the department of al-Hadith bi Jam'i al-Buhuth al-Islamiyah (Arabic: الحدِيث بِجامِع البحوث الإسـلامـية) for correcting Quranic codexes present in the al-Azhar libraries.[11][10]
As one of the four top-ranking reciters in Egypt,[6] he recorded the complete Quranic text in both styles of recitation, murattal (tarteel) and mujawwad (tajwid) and was, in fact, first-ever Qari to record and broadcast the murattal style.[1][4] He recorded and wrote treatises on various Qur'an recital styles: Ḥafs ʿan ʿĀṣim in 1961,[10] Warsh ʿan Nāfiʾ in 1964, Qālān ʿan Nâfi’ and ad-Dūrī ʿan Abi ʿAmr in 1968.[1][5][11] In the same year, he recorded the Qu'ran in Al-Mushaf Al-Mu’allim (Arabic: المصحف المُعلّم, lit. 'Teaching Qur'an') style, a tarteel technique with exclusive focus on pedagogy.[5]
Al-Hussary authored 12 books on Qur'anic sciences in a bid to end corruption of both the text and the recitation styles.[5][10]
Recognition and awards
In 1944, Al-Hussary won Egypt Radio's Qu'ran Recitation competition[10] which had around 200 participants, among them some veterans like Muhammad Rifat, Ali Mahmud, and Abd Al-Fattah Ash-Sha'sha'i.[5]
Al-Azhar awarded him the title Shaykh al-Maqāriʾ (Arabic: شـيخ المقارِئ, lit. 'Scholar of the Reciting Schools') in 1957.[10][11] He was also appointed to the board of Islamic research on Hadith and the Qur'an at Al-Azhar.[5]
He was a recipient of the Egyptian Medal of Honour for Arts and Sciences, First Grade, from the Egyptian president Gamal 'Abd Al-Nasir, in 1967. The same year, he was elected the President of the Islamic World League of Qur'an Reciters.[5][10]
Tours
In 1960, he travelled to Pakistan and India, the first Egyptian Qari to do so, to recite at a conference[13] in the presence of the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, and the first Egyptian President, Gamal Abdul Nasir.[1][14] He accompanied the Rector of Al-Azhar University on their travels.[5] He was invited to participate in the World of Islam Festival[15] in London (1976).[16] He has recited the Quran in front of the American Congress, the United Nations in 1977,[5][14] and at the Buckingham Palace in 1978.[1] He has been on Qur'an recital tours to the Philippines, China, France, and Singapore; in addition to touring other Muslim countries, mostly during the month of Ramadan.[5][11]
Technique
Al Hussary was a strong proponent of preserving the qiraat art-form in its original scheme (tarteel) and was publicly apprehensive of innovation in recital delivery techniques.[9]: 110 He once said:[5]
The tarteel shapes every word with an evocative manner, a fact that cannot be produced during a pure "chanted" interpretation where words are subjected to a certain musicality which can be opposing to the necessary sound print to reach the real meaning. And if we feel the melodic saturation during the “chanted” interpretation, we feel, on the other hand, calmness and introversion during tarteel derived from the message of the holy Quran.
In another instance, he said:[5]
The tarteel puts us directly on the screen of the Quranic text. It puts us in an active listening position and makes the listener feel the responsibility to listen. However, "chanted" restitution borrows passages of introversion by an envelope of jollity; the tarteel is more difficult because it reveals faithfully the meaning. The roots of tarteel deal basically with the koranic text and not the musical rhythms.
In the preface of one of his books, Ma` Al-Qur’an Al-Karim (lit. With the Holy Koran), Shaykh Mahmud Shaltut, the then chief Imam of the al-Azhar mosque, said about him:[5]
God has given to many people the goods of this world and beyond, and granted them by giving them happiness in the two shelters through this right path, the path of the holy Koran. They learned it, recite it and honoured it as it should be. They struggled to protect it and found joy in it because it always guided them towards truth and the right path. Among those, I have known our son Shaykh Khalil Al-Husari. I have discovered in him an excellent qurra who observes God with a huge fear in his recitation by following the methodology of our pious precursors in the reading of Allah's Book, and never moved aside from it. His recitation fulfills the hearts with peace, security and calmness, and opens to his audience the gates of faith.
Death
He died of liver failure[11] on 24 November 1980 during a trip to Kuwait.[4] His last public recitals were at the Kaaba in Mecca and Masjid al Nabawi Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam in Medina.[10]
Legacy
Based on Al-Hussary's life,[12] a TV series titled Imam al-Maqar'ine (Arabic: إمام المقّرئين, lit. 'The Chief of Qur'an Reciters') starring Hassan Youssef was created by Dr. Bahaa El-Din Ibrahim and directed by Mustafa Al-Shall,[17] with backing from Hussary's children, Mohammed Al-Hussary and Yasmine Al-Khayam.[18]
At the time of his death in 1980, he left a third of his wealth to build a mosque on Al-Ajuzah Street in Cairo.[5][10][19]: 155 In his will, he left the expenses for the mosque he had built in Tanta, as well as for the three Islamic institutes and a center dedicated to Quran memorization, Mahad Azhar (Arabic: معهد ٱلأزهر, lit. 'the luminous institute'), in his village, Shobra al-Namla.[5][11]
In what's a testament to Al-Hussary's standing in the profession, Mohammed Burhanuddin, a strong proponent of Qur'anic sciences, education, and memorization,[20][21] conferred his grandson, Husain Burhanuddin, with the title Hussary al-Hind (Arabic: ٱلحُصـري الهِـنـد, lit. 'Hussary of India').[3]
The 26th International Quran Contest hosted by Egypt was named after him in his honour.[22]
Al-Hussary's family runs a charity called Shaykh Al Hussary Society (Arabic: جمعيه الشّيج ٱلحصري), chaired by his daughter, Yasmeen al-Khayam (née Al-Hussary).[23] The Society built Al-Hosary, the largest mosque in 6th of October City, inaugurated in October 2005,[24] in his honour. The mosque complex, a major landmark of the city, also has an orphanage, a Qur'anic institute, and multi-purpose auditoriums.[25] The mosque rather remarkably hosts sermons from contrarians such as Amr Khaled[26] as well as orthodox clergy of Al-Azhar,[19]: 155 and government ministers.[24] The Society has been instrumental in resettling Syrian refugees in Egypt.[27]
Al-Hussary's recordings are extensively used for Quranic memorization and recitation throughout the Muslim world.[8][28][29][30][31]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Obeyd Choudry (19 March 2013). . messageinternational.org. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b Idrees Ally. . reciteintune.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b c Taha Soeb (29 Aug 2019). . tajweedexplained.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d . iqna.ir. 25 Nov 2019. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v . assajda.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b Taha Shoeb (2 Feb 2018). . thedawoodibohras.com. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.
- ^ Ejaz Taj (6 Sep 2018). . islam21c.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2020.
- ^ a b . iqna.ir. 4 May 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.
- ^ a b Frishkopf, Michael (28 Dec 2009). . In Nooshin, Laundan (ed.). In Music and Play of Power in the Middle East (pdf). London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0754634577. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020 – via pdfslide.net.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k . elhosary.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g . kisahmuslim.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 7 June 2019.
- ^ a b c d . assabile.com. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Kabir Taneja (19 Jan 2014). "Nehru's friendship for Nasser's Egypt was a 'tunnel-vision' policy".
- ^ a b Karta Raharja Ucu (14 Apr 2018). . republike.co.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.
- ^ John Sabini (June 1976). . archive.aramcoworld.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020.
- ^ Pliable (9 Nov 2015). . overgrownpath.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020.
- ^ Ahmed Abdel Razak (27 Oct 2005). . filfan.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 23 May 2020. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ . al-jazirah.com (in Arabic). 6 Jul 2004. Archived from the original on 16 March 2018. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
- ^ a b Abdo, Geneive (9 Nov 2004). "Taking the Veil". No God but God: Egypt and the Triumph of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195157932.
- ^ . thedawoodibohras.com. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ . thedawoodibohras.com. 2 Feb 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ . iqna.ir. 24 Mar 2019. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.
- ^ . elhosary.org (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 11 February 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ a b . elhosary.org (in Arabic). 26 Jan 2016. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved 22 May 2020.
- ^ . masterpeers.com. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Rania Al-Malky (19 Sep 2018). . middleeasteye.net. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
- ^ Zeinab El-Gundy (20 Mar 2016). . ahram.org.ag. Archived from the original on 21 May 2020. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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- ^ . iqna.ir. 19 Dec 2008. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020.
- ^ . iqna.ir. 30 Sep 2019. Archived from the original on 3 October 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
External links
- Al-Jazeera's mini-documentary on Al-Hussary's life on YouTube (Arabic)
- Al-Nahar TV's Documentary on Al-Hussary with Yasmine Al-Khayam on YouTube (Arabic)