Aló Presidente
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Aló Presidente (English: Hello, Mr. President) was a long-running, unscripted talk show hosted by former Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez. It was broadcast on Venezuelan state television and radio channels, including Venezolana de Televisión, on Sundays from 11:00am until mid/late afternoon. In 2009, a survey of 3,000 Venezuelans indicated that 61% of citizens watched or listened to the show regularly.[1]
| Aló Presidente | |
|---|---|
| Genre | Talk show |
| Presented by | Hugo Chávez |
| Starring | Hugo Chávez |
| Country of origin | Venezuela |
| Original language | Spanish |
| Production | |
| Production location | Caracas |
| Release | |
| Original network | Venezolana de Televisión |
| Original release | 23 May 1999 – 29 January 2012 |
The show was a powerful tool in promoting Chavista socialist ideals and achievements of the Bolivarian Revolution to supporters in Venezuela and beyond. Many editions were filmed outdoors before large audiences, commonly featuring a local farm, factory, school, hospital, housing project or other public investment. Although Chávez typically appeared on television several times a week, Aló Presidente was his opportunity to reach most families on their day off. It has also been broadcast when Chávez has been abroad, including in Guatemala, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Brazil and Argentina.[1]
The show was criticized for its apparent lack of seriousness, due to low production values, spontaneous announcements, random contributions from audience members, colorful informality and often outright tedium.[2] Live footage of Aló Presidente would occasionally be broadcast simultaneously across all (state and private) TV and radio in Venezuela, for any period determined by Chávez during the broadcast.
History
Beginning in 1999, Aló Presidente was a 1-hour show designed to give citizens a voice and put them in direct contact with Chávez. The first broadcast was made on May 23, 1999 — about three months after Chávez took office — on radio.[3] The show did not air between June 5, 2011 and January 8, 2012 while Chávez was receiving cancer treatment in Cuba.[4] A total of 378 shows aired.[5]
In 2007, Chávez took his desk to the beach and recorded a 7-hour episode including his views on what he called European imperialism in the Malvinas.[6] During the March 2, 2008 airing Chávez ordered a top general to send ten battalions of troops to the border with Colombia in response to a bombing by Colombian forces inside Ecuador which killed Raúl Reyes, a FARC leader.[7][8] The battalions were ultimately not deployed,[9] but the declaration may have caused the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis.[2] Chávez spent a large amount of time on the show denouncing capitalism, imperialism and foreign interference.[10]
When segments were broadcast as a cadena nacional, citizens were compelled to either listen in or turn off their TVs or radios.[2] Many Venezuelans tuned in because Chávez was known for unveiling financial assistance packages or other social benefits.[11] The show promoted the Bolivarian Revolution and allied governments, blaming Venezuela's economic and other problems principally on the United States, but also internal economic and political enemies.[12] George W. Bush was referred to as "Míster Danger", the villain character in a famous Venezuelan novel, Doña Bárbara.[2]
Format
The format of the show changed over time. At first, it was mainly a call-in show in which Venezuelans expressed grievances and discussed politics with Chávez. Over time, Chávez became the attraction, serving as teacher, interrogator, entertainer and motivator. The show's content broadened to topics as diverse as geography, history, philosophy and pedagogy. Musical performances became common as the years went on.[13] Chávez usually broadcast from a new location each week.[14]
Government ministers were often required to attend in person. They could be questioned by the president about anything, and sometimes policy — even military policy — was apparently decided live on the show.[8] Another topic the show frequently used to discuss, was U.S. foreign policy.[9] Once, the show sent an interviewer out into the streets, stopping passers-by at random to ask if they watched the show; without fail, they all said they did.[2]
Style
Rachel Nolan of The New York Times described the show as looking "for all the world like a 'Daily Show' parody" because of its "cheap" and "quirky" opening titles: a ribbon in the colors of the Venezuelan flag unfurls with a drum roll before the title appears on screen, followed by a trumpet call with dramatic block letters showing the words "humanity," "struggle," and "socialism."[2] Nolan also notes the political imagery of Chávez' appearance in the title sequences; he was commonly dressed in a bold red shirt or in military uniform, often wearing a Che Guevara beret, and being swarmed by supporters.[2]
Chávez also had a catchphrase on the show, akin to Donald Trump's "You're Fired!". A common activity Chávez was filmed doing for the show was expropriating property owned by rich people, which he dramatized by pointing at the building and shouting "¡Exprópiese!".[2]
Influence
Aló Presidente spawned similar programs by leaders in other Latin American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador,[9] and El Salvador, led by Presidents Evo Morales, Rafael Correa, and Mauricio Funes respectively. Some of these leaders had previously been featured on Aló Presidente.[2] A later similar program, created by Paraguayan President Mario Abdo Benítez in September 2019 was delivered via WhatsApp.[15] Despite the international copies, Nolan opined that, "with the exception of the logorrheic Fidel Castro, it's hard to imagine another political figure with the combination of manic exhibitionism and entertainer's stamina required to star in this sort of show".[2]
It was suggested by historian Enrique Krauze that the show was somewhat enjoyed by Venezuelans because it gave them "at least the appearance of contact with power, through [Chávez'] verbal and visual presence, which may be welcomed by people who have spent most of their lives being ignored."[2]
References
- ^ a b "Venezuela Celebrates 10 Years of "Hello President" Show with 4 Day Long Program". Venezuelanalysis.com. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2022-04-03.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Nolan, Rachel (2012-05-04). "Hugo Chávez's Totally Bizarre Talk Show". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ Wilson, Peter (September 15, 2006). "Live From Caracas! It's the Hugo Chavez Show, Poems to Taunts". Bloomberg. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ "Chavez's "Alo Presidente" returns to Venezuelan TV". Reuters. 2012-01-08. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ (in Spanish). Ministry of Popular Power for Communication and Information. Archived from the original on August 1, 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (2007-08-28). "Aló Presidente - episode 291: When Chávez reclaimed Las Malvinas". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ Anderson, Jon Lee (June 23, 2008). "Fidel's Heir: The influence of Hugo Chávez". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
- ^ a b Bikel, Ofra (November 25, 2008). "The Hugo Chavez Show". Frontline. PBS. from the original on 1 December 2008. Retrieved November 26, 2008.
- ^ a b c Grant, Will (May 24, 2009). "Chavez TV show marks anniversary". BBC News. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
- ^ Urbinati, Nadia (2019). "Political Theory of Populism". Annual Review of Political Science. 22: 111–127. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-050317-070753.
- ^ McCaughan, Michael. (2010). Battle of Venezuela. New York: Seven Stories Press. ISBN 9781609801168. OCLC 697122361.
- ^ Lakshmanan, Indira (27 July 2005). "Channeling his energies Venezuelans riveted by president's TV show". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ Frajman, Eduardo, "Broadcasting Populist Leadership: Hugo Chavez and Alo Presidente", Journal of Latin American Studies, Vol. 43, Issue 3, August 2014, pp. 501-526.
- ^ Carroll, Rory (2007-09-25). "Government by TV: Chávez sets 8-hour record". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-09-30.
- ^ "Al estilo de "Aló Presidente", Abdo crea su canal digital "Hola Marito"". www.hoy.com.py (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-09-30.
External links
- Aló Presidente at IMDb
- (in Spanish) at the Internet Archive
- Capriles, Colette (2006). "La enciclopedia del chavismo o hacia una teología del populismo" [The encyclopedia of Chavism or towards a theology of populism] (PDF). Revista Venezolana de Ciencia Política (in Spanish). Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela). 29: 73–92.[dead link]
- Constantini, Sunthai (2014). The Political Communication of Hugo Chávez: The Evolution of 'Aló Presidente' (Thesis). University of Kent.
- Erlich, Frances (2005). "La relación interpersonal con la audiencia: El caso del discurso del presidente venezolano Hugo Chávez" [The interpersonal relation with the audience: The case of Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez' discourse]. Revista Signos (in Spanish). Central University of Venezuela. 38 (59): 287–302.
- Frajman, Eduardo (2014). "Broadcasting Populist Leadership: Hugo Chávez and Aló Presidente". Journal of Latin American Studies. Cambridge University Press. 46 (3): 501–526. doi:10.1017/S0022216X14000716.
- Gualda, Ricardo José Rosa (2012). The discourse of Hugo Chávez in "Aló Presidente": establishing the Bolivarian Revolution through television performance (Thesis). University of Texas at Austin. hdl:2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6047.
- Smith, Dominic N. A. (2010). A Corpus-Driven Discourse Analysis of Transcripts of Hugo Chávez's Television Programme 'Aló Presidente' (Thesis). University of Birmingham.