Air sensitivity is a term used, particularly in chemistry, to denote the reactivity of chemical compounds with some constituent of air. Most often, reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen (O2) or water vapor (H2O),[1] although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen (N2) are also possible.[2]
A variety of air-free techniques have been developed to handle air-sensitive compounds. Two main types of equipment are gloveboxes and Schlenk lines.[3] Glove boxes are sealed cabinets filled with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.[4] Normal laboratory equipment can be set up in the glovebox, and manipulated by the use of gloves that penetrate its walls.[5] The atmosphere can be regulated to approximately atmospheric pressure and set to be pure nitrogen or other gas with which the chemicals will not react.[6] Chemicals and equipment can be transferred in and out via an airlock.[7]
A Schlenk line is a vacuum and inert-gas dual-manifold that allows glassware to be evacuated and refilled with inert gas specially developed to work with air sensitive compounds. It is connected with a cold trap to prevent vapors from contaminating a rotary vane pump.[8] The technique is modified from the double-tipped needle technique.[9] These methods allow working in totally controlled and isolated environment.[10]
Air-sensitive compoundsedit
Air-sensitive compounds are substances that would react, explode or oxidise with air, such as organometallic compounds (chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a metal and carbon atom, including alkaline earth, alkaline and transition metals). They may include metalloids like tin, boron and sometimes silicon encountered in chemistry, which are sensitive to oxygen and moisture. Alkali metals and other pyrophoric compounds which react violently with water[11] can be handled safely using air free techniques.
^"The Glassware Gallery: Schlenk Lines and Vacuum Lines". www.ilpi.com.
^Smith Vosejpka, Laura J. (August 1993). "A simple and cost-effective technique for the transfer of air-sensitive solutions". Journal of Chemical Education. 70 (8): 665. doi:10.1021/ed070p665.
^"Pyrophoric Control - FQE Chemicals". FQE Chemicals.
^"Application of Air-sensitive Semiconductors in Nanoelectronics". www.sciencenewsline.com.[permanent dead link]
March 13, 2024
sensitivity, term, used, particularly, chemistry, denote, reactivity, chemical, compounds, with, some, constituent, most, often, reactions, occur, with, atmospheric, oxygen, water, vapor, although, reactions, with, other, constituents, such, carbon, monoxide, . Air sensitivity is a term used particularly in chemistry to denote the reactivity of chemical compounds with some constituent of air Most often reactions occur with atmospheric oxygen O2 or water vapor H2O 1 although reactions with the other constituents of air such as carbon monoxide CO carbon dioxide CO2 and nitrogen N2 are also possible 2 Contents 1 Method 2 Air sensitive compounds 3 See also 4 ReferencesMethod edit nbsp GloveboxA variety of air free techniques have been developed to handle air sensitive compounds Two main types of equipment are gloveboxes and Schlenk lines 3 Glove boxes are sealed cabinets filled with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen 4 Normal laboratory equipment can be set up in the glovebox and manipulated by the use of gloves that penetrate its walls 5 The atmosphere can be regulated to approximately atmospheric pressure and set to be pure nitrogen or other gas with which the chemicals will not react 6 Chemicals and equipment can be transferred in and out via an airlock 7 A Schlenk line is a vacuum and inert gas dual manifold that allows glassware to be evacuated and refilled with inert gas specially developed to work with air sensitive compounds It is connected with a cold trap to prevent vapors from contaminating a rotary vane pump 8 The technique is modified from the double tipped needle technique 9 These methods allow working in totally controlled and isolated environment 10 Air sensitive compounds editAir sensitive compounds are substances that would react explode or oxidise with air such as organometallic compounds chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a metal and carbon atom including alkaline earth alkaline and transition metals They may include metalloids like tin boron and sometimes silicon encountered in chemistry which are sensitive to oxygen and moisture Alkali metals and other pyrophoric compounds which react violently with water 11 can be handled safely using air free techniques Some semiconductors are air sensitive 12 See also editHygroscopy Hydrophile UltrahydrophobicityReferences edit Handling and Storage of Air Sensitive Reagents Technical Bulletin AL 134 Sigma Aldrich Dr P Wipf Techniques for handling air and moisture sensitivity PDF W Bouwkamp Marco 2008 working with air and moisture sensitive compounds Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen pp 4 6 Glove Boxes The Glassware Gallery Wipf Dr P 30 August 2015 techniques of handling air sensitivity compound PDF Air Sensitive Sample Analysis Reduced Oxygen Moisture Free Handling Analysis of Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen and halogens including Fluorine Retrieved 2018 02 27 Handling air sensitive compounds PDF The Glassware Gallery Schlenk Lines and Vacuum Lines www ilpi com Smith Vosejpka Laura J August 1993 A simple and cost effective technique for the transfer of air sensitive solutions Journal of Chemical Education 70 8 665 doi 10 1021 ed070p665 Air Sensitive Chemistry Labware Sigma Aldrich Sigma Aldrich Pyrophoric Control FQE Chemicals FQE Chemicals Application of Air sensitive Semiconductors in Nanoelectronics www sciencenewsline com permanent dead link Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Air sensitivity amp oldid 1166920750, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
