Schedorhinotermes termites use hydrophilic surfaces on body and wings to attach themselves to plants they colonize.
In contrast, hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it. Hygroscopicsare attracted to water, but are not dissolved by water.
A hydrophilic molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents.[2][3] They are typically charge-polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding. This makes these molecules soluble not only in water but also in other polar solvents.
Hydrophilic molecules (and portions of molecules) can be contrasted with hydrophobic molecules (and portions of molecules). In some cases, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties occur in a single molecule. An example of these amphiphilic molecules is the lipids that comprise the cell membrane. Another example is soap, which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, allowing it to dissolve in both water and oil.
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules, respectively. Some hydrophilic substances do not dissolve. This type of mixture is called a colloid.
An approximate rule of thumb for hydrophilicity of organic compounds is that solubility of a molecule in water is more than 1 mass % if there is at least one neutral hydrophile group per 5 carbons, or at least one electrically charged hydrophile group per 7 carbons.[4]
Hydrophilic substances (ex: salts) can seem to attract water out of the air. Sugar is also hydrophilic, and like salt is sometimes used to draw water out of foods. Sugar sprinkled on cut fruit will "draw out the water" through hydrophilia, making the fruit mushy and wet, as in a common strawberry compote recipe.
Chemicals
Liquid hydrophilic chemicals complexed with solid chemicals can be used to optimize solubility of hydrophobic chemicals.
Liquid chemicals
Examples of hydrophilic liquids include ammonia, alcohols, some amides such as urea and some carboxylic acids such as acetic acid.
Hydroxyl groups (-OH), found in alcohols, are polar and therefore hydrophilic (water liking) but their carbon chain portion is non-polar which make them hydrophobic. The molecule increasingly becomes overall more nonpolar and therefore less soluble in the polar water as the carbon chain becomes longer.[5] Methanol has the shortest carbon chain of all alcohols (one carbon atom) followed by ethanol (two carbon atoms), and 1-propanol along with its isomer 2-propanol, all being miscible with water. Tert-Butyl alcohol, with four carbon atoms, is the only one among its isomers to be miscible with water.
Cyclodextrins are used to make pharmaceutical solutions by capturing hydrophobic molecules as guest hosts. Because inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions.[6] For example, testosterone is complexed with hydroxy-propyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD), 95% absorption of testosterone was achieved in 20 minutes via the sublingual route but HPBCD was not absorbed, whereas hydrophobic testosterone is usually absorbed less than 40% via the sublingual route.[7]
Membrane filtration
Hydrophilic membrane filtration is used in several industries to filter various liquids. These hydrophilic filters are used in the medical, industrial, and biochemical fields to filter elements such as bacteria, viruses, proteins, particulates, drugs, and other contaminants. Common hydrophilic molecules include colloids, cotton, and cellulose (which cotton consists of).
Unlike other membranes, hydrophilic membranes do not require pre-wetting: they can filter liquids in their dry state. Although most are used in low-heat filtration processes, many new hydrophilic membrane fabrics are used to filter hot liquids and fluids.[8]
^"Definition of HYDROPHILIC". www.merriam-webster.com. from the original on 27 September 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
^Medical Chemistry Compendium. By Anders Overgaard Pedersen and Henning Nielsen. Aarhus University. 2008[page needed]
^"Alcohols, Phenols, Thiols, and Ethers". from the original on 2013-10-02. Retrieved 2013-05-11.
^Becket G, Schep LJ, Tan MY (March 1999). "Improvement of the in vitro dissolution of praziquantel by complexation with α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 179 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1016/S0378-5173(98)00382-2. PMID 10053203.
^Stuenkel CA, Dudley RE, Yen SS (May 1991). "Sublingual Administration of Testosterone-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Simulates Episodic Androgen Release in Hypogonadal Men". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 72 (5): 1054–9. doi:10.1210/jcem-72-5-1054. PMID 1902483.
^Kawamura, Masuhiko. "Filtration membrane for oleophilic organic liquids, method for producing it, and method for filtering oleophilic organic liquids". from the original on 11 September 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
March 25, 2023
hydrophile, hydrophile, molecule, other, molecular, entity, that, attracted, water, molecules, tends, dissolved, water, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, source, schedorhinotermes, termites, hydrophilic, surfaces, body, wi. A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water 1 source source source source source source source source source source Schedorhinotermes termites use hydrophilic surfaces on body and wings to attach themselves to plants they colonize In contrast hydrophobes are not attracted to water and may seem to be repelled by it Hygroscopics are attracted to water but are not dissolved by water Contents 1 Molecules 2 Chemicals 2 1 Liquid chemicals 2 1 1 Alcohols 2 2 Solid chemicals 2 2 1 Cyclodextrins 3 Membrane filtration 4 See also 5 ReferencesMolecules EditA hydrophilic molecule or portion of a molecule is one whose interactions with water and other polar substances are more thermodynamically favorable than their interactions with oil or other hydrophobic solvents 2 3 They are typically charge polarized and capable of hydrogen bonding This makes these molecules soluble not only in water but also in other polar solvents Hydrophilic molecules and portions of molecules can be contrasted with hydrophobic molecules and portions of molecules In some cases both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties occur in a single molecule An example of these amphiphilic molecules is the lipids that comprise the cell membrane Another example is soap which has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail allowing it to dissolve in both water and oil Hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules are also known as polar molecules and nonpolar molecules respectively Some hydrophilic substances do not dissolve This type of mixture is called a colloid An approximate rule of thumb for hydrophilicity of organic compounds is that solubility of a molecule in water is more than 1 mass if there is at least one neutral hydrophile group per 5 carbons or at least one electrically charged hydrophile group per 7 carbons 4 Hydrophilic substances ex salts can seem to attract water out of the air Sugar is also hydrophilic and like salt is sometimes used to draw water out of foods Sugar sprinkled on cut fruit will draw out the water through hydrophilia making the fruit mushy and wet as in a common strawberry compote recipe Chemicals EditLiquid hydrophilic chemicals complexed with solid chemicals can be used to optimize solubility of hydrophobic chemicals Liquid chemicals Edit Examples of hydrophilic liquids include ammonia alcohols some amides such as urea and some carboxylic acids such as acetic acid Alcohols Edit Main article Ethanol Solvent Hydroxyl groups OH found in alcohols are polar and therefore hydrophilic water liking but their carbon chain portion is non polar which make them hydrophobic The molecule increasingly becomes overall more nonpolar and therefore less soluble in the polar water as the carbon chain becomes longer 5 Methanol has the shortest carbon chain of all alcohols one carbon atom followed by ethanol two carbon atoms and 1 propanol along with its isomer 2 propanol all being miscible with water Tert Butyl alcohol with four carbon atoms is the only one among its isomers to be miscible with water Solid chemicals Edit Cyclodextrins Edit Main article Cyclodextrin Uses Cyclodextrins are used to make pharmaceutical solutions by capturing hydrophobic molecules as guest hosts Because inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions 6 For example testosterone is complexed with hydroxy propyl beta cyclodextrin HPBCD 95 absorption of testosterone was achieved in 20 minutes via the sublingual route but HPBCD was not absorbed whereas hydrophobic testosterone is usually absorbed less than 40 via the sublingual route 7 Membrane filtration EditHydrophilic membrane filtration is used in several industries to filter various liquids These hydrophilic filters are used in the medical industrial and biochemical fields to filter elements such as bacteria viruses proteins particulates drugs and other contaminants Common hydrophilic molecules include colloids cotton and cellulose which cotton consists of Unlike other membranes hydrophilic membranes do not require pre wetting they can filter liquids in their dry state Although most are used in low heat filtration processes many new hydrophilic membrane fabrics are used to filter hot liquids and fluids 8 See also EditHydrophilic lipophilic balance Hydrophobicity scales Superhydrophilicity Ultrahydrophobicity Wetting HygroscopicReferences Edit Liddell H G amp Scott R 1940 A Greek English Lexicon Oxford Clarendon Press page needed IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology 2nd ed the Gold Book 1997 Online corrected version 2006 hydrophilic doi 10 1351 goldbook H02906 Definition of HYDROPHILIC www merriam webster com Archived from the original on 27 September 2017 Retrieved 1 May 2018 Medical Chemistry Compendium By Anders Overgaard Pedersen and Henning Nielsen Aarhus University 2008 page needed Alcohols Phenols Thiols and Ethers Archived from the original on 2013 10 02 Retrieved 2013 05 11 Becket G Schep LJ Tan MY March 1999 Improvement of the in vitro dissolution of praziquantel by complexation with a b and g cyclodextrins International Journal of Pharmaceutics 179 1 65 71 doi 10 1016 S0378 5173 98 00382 2 PMID 10053203 Stuenkel CA Dudley RE Yen SS May 1991 Sublingual Administration of Testosterone Hydroxypropyl b Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Simulates Episodic Androgen Release in Hypogonadal Men The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 72 5 1054 9 doi 10 1210 jcem 72 5 1054 PMID 1902483 Kawamura Masuhiko Filtration membrane for oleophilic organic liquids method for producing it and method for filtering oleophilic organic liquids Archived from the original on 11 September 2014 Retrieved 28 July 2014 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hydrophile amp oldid 1069324274, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
