For the figures from Greek mythology, see Aglaurus. For the butterfly Agraulis vanillae, see Gulf fritillary.
Agraulos Hawle & Corda 1847,[1] is a genus of trilobites that lived during the Middle Cambrian in North America and Europe, particularly the Czech Republic.
Agraulos is derived from the Greek Ἄγραυλος, "country woman", wife of Kekrops.[2]
Type species
Type species (designated by Miller 1889).[3]Arion ceticephalus Barrande, 1846 [4] from the Cambrian Eccaparadoxides pusillus Zone in the Skryje Member of the Buchava Formation, within the Skryje–Tyrovice Basin, Bohemia.
Subfamily AGRAULINAE Fletcher, 2017 emend.[6]nom. transl. ex AGRAULIDAE Raymond. 1913.[7]
Diagnosis
Agraulinae with cephala generally domed; glabella isosceles-trapezoidal, i.e. with truncate front and base angles of the forward-converging lateral margins/flanks more than 15°; occipital ring mesially swollen backwards, with or without a medial node or spine; preglabellar field relatively long (sag.); posterolateral projection of fixigena narrow (tr.); librigenal spines short to long, with some deflected outwards. Thorax of up to 16 segments with first anterior axial rings marked by terrace lines immediately succeeded in some species by rings bearing incipient median nodes or incipient/prominent spines; thoracic segments finely punctate or granulate. Pygidium, small and transverse (Fletcher, 2017, pp, 9,10).
Distribution
A. ceticephalus (= Arionellus longicephalus Hicks, 1872) [8] occurs in the Middle Cambrian Jince Formation of the Czech Republic.[9] The species was first described from the Skryje Member of the Buchava Formation (Clupáč et al. 1998; Fatka et al. 2011) [10][11]on the slopes of the river Berounka in the Týřovice-Luh-Skryje area between Prague (Praha) and Pilsen (Plzen) in the Skryje-Týřovice Basin. The species has been recovered also from the Menevia Formation of St. David's, South Wales (Fletcher, 2017, Fig. 8, I, J, K and Fig. 9, A-C) and, as its junior subjective synonym "Agraulos longicephalus" (Hicks, 1872), from the Nant-y-big Formation (Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone) of Porth Ceiriad, North Wales (Young et al., 2002; Young et al., 1994, p. 343),[12][13]the Manuels river formation of Eastern Newfoundland (Martin and Dean, 1988, p. 21, pl.3, figs. 9, 11, 12; non figs. 10 & 13),[14]and Spain (Sdzuy, 1961, pl.23, ?figs. 8-11, 15).[15] Fletcher (2017, p. 26) observed that specimens described by Weidner and Nielsen (2015, pl. 41A–F; Fig. 22B) as Agraulos longicephalus[16] (from the Middle Cambrian Paradoxides paradoxissimus Superzone of the Alum Shale Formation and within the lower and upper parts of the Ptychagnostus s.l. atavus Zone as well as in the Ptychagnostuspunctuosus Zone), are in fact "marked by a conspicuous small median projection on the occipital ring, quite different from any species recorded elsewhere".
A. socialis (Billings, 1872) occurs in the Manuels River Formation (Drumian Stage) of Eastern Newfoundland where localities include the eastern side of chapel arm in Trinity Bay, Deep Cove in St Mary's Bay, and the Manuels River Section near St John's (Fletcher, 2017, p. 25). Fletcher also observed (op. cit. pp. 25, 26) that "of all the specimens referred to longicephalus, the exoskeleton from the Montagne Noire figured by Courtessole (1973, pl. 10, fig. 5; Fig. 22P) [17] appears to be very close to A. socialis, as are Sdzuy's 1961 illustrations of associated Spanish cranidia and a thoracic axis without notable nodes or spines".
A. affinis (Billings, 1872) derives from the Big Gulley Member green mudstone of the Chamberlain's Brook Formation in the coastal cliffs of the greater Branch Cove on both sides of the Branch River estuary, St Mary's Bay, Newfoundland, originally as part of the Geological Survey of Newfoundland Collection (Fletcher, op. cit, p. 21). The species occurs in association with the Scandinavian taxa Condylopyge carinata Westergärd, 1936 and Parasolenopleura gregaria [Solenopleura cristata Linnarsson, 1877] [18] indicating a zonal position about that of Ptychagnostus praecurrens (Fletcher, op.cit.) and Eccaparadoxides oelandicus.
A. lewisi Fletcher, 2017 (p. 19, fig. 9D-I) is recorded from the Menevia Formation of Porth-y-rhaw, St. David's, Wales and derives from the Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone (Localities PR-4 and PR-16 of Rees et al., 2014).[19] The species is also recorded from the parvifrons Zone in the Harlech Dome of North Wales, Clogau Formation, above Rhaiadr Bridge (Fletcher, op. cit. Fig. 8, F & G).
Remarks
Arionellus quadrangularis Whitfield (1884, p. 147, pl. 14, fig. 8), collected originally from the mid-Cambrian Braintree Formation at Old Hayward Quarry, Quincy, Massachusetts, USA, has previously been assigned to Agraulos by several authors, commencing with Walcott in 1884.[20] MacMenamin (2002), however, erected Skehanos gen. nov. to accommodate the species quadrangularis.[21]
Scandinavian species attributed by Westergård (1953) [22] to Agraulos [i.e. difformis, aculeatus, acuminatus (all Angelin, 1851), and anceps sp. nov.] were transferred by Ahlberg & Bergström (1978) [23] to Proampyx Frech 1897, [24] although several Lower Cambrian forms they also assigned to Proampyx would later be allocated to various other genera.
References
^HAWLE, J. & CORDA, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographieder bohmischen Trilobiten. 176 pp. J. G. Calve, Prague
^VANĚK, J.; VALIČEK, J.; VOKÁČ, V. (1999). "Plutonides hicksi (Salter) from the Middle Cambrian of Skryje - Týřovice Area (Czech Republic)" (PDF). Palaeontologica Bohemiae. 6: 36–38. Retrieved 2015-01-04.
^MILLER, S. A. 1889. North American geology and palaeontology for the use of amateurs, students and scientists, 664 pp. Western Methodist Book Concern, Cincinnati, OH.
^BARRANDE, J. 1846. Notice pre Âliminaire sur le syste Áme silurien et les trilobites de Bohême. Leipzig, 97 pp,
^ANGELIN, N. P. (1854). Paleontologica Scandinavica. Pars 2. Crustacea formationis transitionis. Academiae Regiae Scientiorum Suecanae (Holmiae): I-IX + 21-92).
^FLETCHER, TERENCE P. 2017. Agraulos ceticephalus and other Cambrian trilobites in the subfamily Agraulinae from Bohemia, Newfoundland and Wales. Papers in Palaeontology, pp.1-43, 22 figs.
^RAYMOND, P. E. 1913. Some changes in the names of genera. Trilobites. Ottawa Naturalist, 26, 137–142.
^HICKS, H. 1872. On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group with a note on the Entomostraca by Prof. T. Rupert Jones. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 28, 173–185.
^S.M. GON III. "Trilobites of the Jince Formation, Czech Republic". Retrieved 2015-01-04.
^CHLUPÁČ, I., FATKA, O., PROKOP R. J., and TUREK V. 1998. Research of the classical palaeontological locality "Luh" in the Cambrian of Skryje (Barrandian area, Czech Republic). Journal of the Czech Geological Society. 43 (3), 169-174 (in Czech).
^FATKA, O., MICKA, V., SZABAD, M., VOKÁČ V., VOREL T. 2011. Nomenclature of Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the Skryje-Týřovice Basin, Bulletin of Geosciences86 (4): 841 - 85
^YOUNG, T. P., GIBBONS, W., DEAN, W. T. and McCARROLL, D. 2002. Geology of the Country around Pwllheli. Memoir of the British Geological Survey, 1:50,000 Geological Sheet 134 (England and Wales). The Stationery Office, London
^YOUNG, T. P., MARTIN, F., DEAN W. T. & RUSHTON, A. W. A. 1994. Cambrian stratigraphy of St Tudwal's Peninsula, Gwynedd, northwest Wales, Geo!. Mag. 131 (3), 1994, pp. 335-360
^MARTIN, F. and DEAN, W. T. 1988. Middle and Upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island, Eastern Newfoundland. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 381, 1-91
^SDZUY, K. 1961. Das Kambrium Spaniens, Teil II: Trilobiten. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse, 8, 597 – 693 [315 – 411]. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz & Wiesbaden
^WEIDER, T. & NIELSEN, A. T. 2015. Agraulos longicephalus and Proampyx? depressus (Trilobita) from the Middle Cambrian of Borggård, Øle on Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 63, pp. 1–11
^COURTESSOLE, R. 1973. Le Cambrien Moyen de la Montagne Noire, Biostratigraphie. Imprimerie d' Oc, Toulouse, 248 pp)
^LINNARSSON, J. G. O. 1877. Om faunan i lagren med Paradoxides Ölandicus. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 3 (12), 352–375.
^REES, A. J., THOMAS, A. T., LEWIS, M., HUGHES, H. E. & TURNER, P. 2014. The Cambrian of SW Wales: Towards a United Avalonian Stratigraphy. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 42, 1–30.
^WALCOTT, C. D. 1884. On the Cambrian faunas of North America. Preliminary studies. United States Geological Survey Bulletin10, 289-355
^McMENAMIN, M. A. S. 2002. The ptychoparioid trilobite Skehanos gen. nov. from the Middle Cambrian of Avalonian Massachusetts and the Carolina Slate Belt, USA. Northeastern Geology & Environmental Sciences, 24 (4), 276 - 281.
^WESTERGÅRD, A. H. 1953. Non-agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden. III. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning526, 1 – 58.
^AHLBERG, P. & BERGSTRÖM, J. 1978. Lower Cambrian Ptychopariid trilobites from Scandinavia. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning Ca 49, 1 – 41.
^FRECH, F. 1897, Lethaea geognostica oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der für die Gebirgs-Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen. I. Theil. Lethaea Palaeozoica. 2. Band. 788 pp. E. Schweizerbarth'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart.
January 20, 2023
agraulos, figures, from, greek, mythology, aglaurus, butterfly, agraulis, vanillae, gulf, fritillary, hawle, corda, 1847, genus, trilobites, that, lived, during, middle, cambrian, north, america, europe, particularly, czech, republic, temporal, range, middle, . For the figures from Greek mythology see Aglaurus For the butterfly Agraulis vanillae see Gulf fritillary Agraulos Hawle amp Corda 1847 1 is a genus of trilobites that lived during the Middle Cambrian in North America and Europe particularly the Czech Republic AgraulosTemporal range Middle Cambrian 510 499 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NAgraulos ceticephalus Barrande 1846 Menevia Formation H parvifrons Biozone Porth y rhaw St David s Wales Scale bar represents 1 mm Scientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ArthropodaClass TrilobitaOrder PtychopariidaFamily SolenopleuridaeGenus AgraulosHawle amp Corda 1847SpeciesA ceticephalus Barrande 1846 Arion ceticephalus Arionides ceticephalus Arionellus ceticephalus Arionellus longicephalus A socialis and A affinis Billings 1872 A lewisi Fletcher 2017 SynonymsArion Barrande 1846 non Arion Ferussac 1819 Arionides Barrande 1847 Arionellus Barrande 1850 Agrauloides Howell 1937 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Type species 3 Familial status 4 Diagnosis 5 Distribution 6 Remarks 7 ReferencesEtymology EditAgraulos is derived from the Greek Ἄgraylos country woman wife of Kekrops 2 Type species EditType species designated by Miller 1889 3 Arion ceticephalus Barrande 1846 4 from the Cambrian Eccaparadoxides pusillus Zone in the Skryje Member of the Buchava Formation within the Skryje Tyrovice Basin Bohemia Familial status EditFamily SOLENOPLEURIDAE Angelin 1854 5 Subfamily AGRAULINAE Fletcher 2017 emend 6 nom transl ex AGRAULIDAE Raymond 1913 7 Diagnosis EditAgraulinae with cephala generally domed glabella isosceles trapezoidal i e with truncate front and base angles of the forward converging lateral margins flanks more than 15 occipital ring mesially swollen backwards with or without a medial node or spine preglabellar field relatively long sag posterolateral projection of fixigena narrow tr librigenal spines short to long with some deflected outwards Thorax of up to 16 segments with first anterior axial rings marked by terrace lines immediately succeeded in some species by rings bearing incipient median nodes or incipient prominent spines thoracic segments finely punctate or granulate Pygidium small and transverse Fletcher 2017 pp 9 10 Distribution EditA ceticephalus Arionellus longicephalus Hicks 1872 8 occurs in the Middle Cambrian Jince Formation of the Czech Republic 9 The species was first described from the Skryje Member of the Buchava Formation Clupac et al 1998 Fatka et al 2011 10 11 on the slopes of the river Berounka in the Tyrovice Luh Skryje area between Prague Praha and Pilsen Plzen in the Skryje Tyrovice Basin The species has been recovered also from the Menevia Formation of St David s South Wales Fletcher 2017 Fig 8 I J K and Fig 9 A C and as its junior subjective synonym Agraulos longicephalus Hicks 1872 from the Nant y big Formation Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone of Porth Ceiriad North Wales Young et al 2002 Young et al 1994 p 343 12 13 the Manuels river formation of Eastern Newfoundland Martin and Dean 1988 p 21 pl 3 figs 9 11 12 non figs 10 amp 13 14 and Spain Sdzuy 1961 pl 23 figs 8 11 15 15 Fletcher 2017 p 26 observed that specimens described by Weidner and Nielsen 2015 pl 41A F Fig 22B as Agraulos longicephalus 16 from the Middle Cambrian Paradoxides paradoxissimus Superzone of the Alum Shale Formation and within the lower and upper parts of the Ptychagnostus s l atavus Zone as well as in the Ptychagnostus punctuosus Zone are in fact marked by a conspicuous small median projection on the occipital ring quite different from any species recorded elsewhere A socialis Billings 1872 occurs in the Manuels River Formation Drumian Stage of Eastern Newfoundland where localities include the eastern side of chapel arm in Trinity Bay Deep Cove in St Mary s Bay and the Manuels River Section near St John s Fletcher 2017 p 25 Fletcher also observed op cit pp 25 26 that of all the specimens referred to longicephalus the exoskeleton from the Montagne Noire figured by Courtessole 1973 pl 10 fig 5 Fig 22P 17 appears to be very close to A socialis as are Sdzuy s 1961 illustrations of associated Spanish cranidia and a thoracic axis without notable nodes or spines A affinis Billings 1872 derives from the Big Gulley Member green mudstone of the Chamberlain s Brook Formation in the coastal cliffs of the greater Branch Cove on both sides of the Branch River estuary St Mary s Bay Newfoundland originally as part of the Geological Survey of Newfoundland Collection Fletcher op cit p 21 The species occurs in association with the Scandinavian taxa Condylopyge carinata Westergard 1936 and Parasolenopleura gregaria Solenopleura cristata Linnarsson 1877 18 indicating a zonal position about that of Ptychagnostus praecurrens Fletcher op cit and Eccaparadoxides oelandicus A lewisi Fletcher 2017 p 19 fig 9D I is recorded from the Menevia Formation of Porth y rhaw St David s Wales and derives from the Hypagnostus parvifrons Biozone Localities PR 4 and PR 16 of Rees et al 2014 19 The species is also recorded from the parvifrons Zone in the Harlech Dome of North Wales Clogau Formation above Rhaiadr Bridge Fletcher op cit Fig 8 F amp G Remarks EditArionellus quadrangularis Whitfield 1884 p 147 pl 14 fig 8 collected originally from the mid Cambrian Braintree Formation at Old Hayward Quarry Quincy Massachusetts USA has previously been assigned to Agraulos by several authors commencing with Walcott in 1884 20 MacMenamin 2002 however erected Skehanos gen nov to accommodate the species quadrangularis 21 Scandinavian species attributed by Westergard 1953 22 to Agraulos i e difformis aculeatus acuminatus all Angelin 1851 and anceps sp nov were transferred by Ahlberg amp Bergstrom 1978 23 to Proampyx Frech 1897 24 although several Lower Cambrian forms they also assigned to Proampyx would later be allocated to various other genera References Edit HAWLE J amp CORDA A J C 1847 Prodrom einer Monographieder bohmischen Trilobiten 176 pp J G Calve Prague VANEK J VALICEK J VOKAC V 1999 Plutonides hicksi Salter from the Middle Cambrian of Skryje Tyrovice Area Czech Republic PDF Palaeontologica Bohemiae 6 36 38 Retrieved 2015 01 04 MILLER S A 1889 North American geology and palaeontology for the use of amateurs students and scientists 664 pp Western Methodist Book Concern Cincinnati OH BARRANDE J 1846 Notice pre Aliminaire sur le syste Ame silurien et les trilobites de Boheme Leipzig 97 pp ANGELIN N P 1854 Paleontologica Scandinavica Pars 2 Crustacea formationis transitionis Academiae Regiae Scientiorum Suecanae Holmiae I IX 21 92 FLETCHER TERENCE P 2017 Agraulos ceticephalus and other Cambrian trilobites in the subfamily Agraulinae from Bohemia Newfoundland and Wales Papers in Palaeontology pp 1 43 22 figs RAYMOND P E 1913 Some changes in the names of genera Trilobites Ottawa Naturalist 26 137 142 HICKS H 1872 On some undescribed fossils from the Menevian Group with a note on the Entomostraca by Prof T Rupert Jones Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 28 173 185 S M GON III Trilobites of the Jince Formation Czech Republic Retrieved 2015 01 04 CHLUPAC I FATKA O PROKOP R J and TUREK V 1998 Research of the classical palaeontological locality Luh in the Cambrian of Skryje Barrandian area Czech Republic Journal of the Czech Geological Society 43 3 169 174 in Czech FATKA O MICKA V SZABAD M VOKAC V VOREL T 2011 Nomenclature of Cambrian lithostratigraphy of the Skryje Tyrovice Basin Bulletin of Geosciences 86 4 841 85 YOUNG T P GIBBONS W DEAN W T and McCARROLL D 2002 Geology of the Country around Pwllheli Memoir of the British Geological Survey 1 50 000 Geological Sheet 134 England and Wales The Stationery Office London YOUNG T P MARTIN F DEAN W T amp RUSHTON A W A 1994 Cambrian stratigraphy of St Tudwal s Peninsula Gwynedd northwest Wales Geo Mag 131 3 1994 pp 335 360 MARTIN F and DEAN W T 1988 Middle and Upper Cambrian acritarch and trilobite zonation at Manuels River and Random Island Eastern Newfoundland Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 381 1 91 SDZUY K 1961 Das Kambrium Spaniens Teil II Trilobiten Abhandlungen der Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 8 597 693 315 411 Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz amp Wiesbaden WEIDER T amp NIELSEN A T 2015 Agraulos longicephalus and Proampyx depressus Trilobita from the Middle Cambrian of Borggard Ole on Bornholm Denmark Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark Vol 63 pp 1 11 COURTESSOLE R 1973 Le Cambrien Moyen de la Montagne Noire Biostratigraphie Imprimerie d Oc Toulouse 248 pp LINNARSSON J G O 1877 Om faunan i lagren med Paradoxides Olandicus Geologiska Foreningens i Stockholm Forhandlingar 3 12 352 375 REES A J THOMAS A T LEWIS M HUGHES H E amp TURNER P 2014 The Cambrian of SW Wales Towards a United Avalonian Stratigraphy Geological Society London Memoirs 42 1 30 WALCOTT C D 1884 On the Cambrian faunas of North America Preliminary studies United States Geological Survey Bulletin 10 289 355 McMENAMIN M A S 2002 The ptychoparioid trilobite Skehanos gen nov from the Middle Cambrian of Avalonian Massachusetts and the Carolina Slate Belt USA Northeastern Geology amp Environmental Sciences 24 4 276 281 WESTERGARD A H 1953 Non agnostidean trilobites of the Middle Cambrian of Sweden III Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning 526 1 58 AHLBERG P amp BERGSTROM J 1978 Lower Cambrian Ptychopariid trilobites from Scandinavia Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning Ca 49 1 41 FRECH F 1897 Lethaea geognostica oder Beschreibung und Abbildung der fur die Gebirgs Formationen bezeichnendsten Versteinerungen I Theil Lethaea Palaeozoica 2 Band 788 pp E Schweizerbarth sche Verlagshandlung Stuttgart Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Agraulos amp oldid 1104053126, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
