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Afife

Afife is a civil parish located in the Portuguese municipality of Viana do Castelo. The population in 2011 was 1,632,[1] in an area of 13.03 km2.[2]

Afife
Afife
Location in Portugal
Coordinates: 41°46′44″N 8°51′40″W / 41.779°N 8.861°W / 41.779; -8.861
Country Portugal
RegionNorte
Intermunic. comm.Alto Minho
DistrictViana do Castelo
MunicipalityViana do Castelo
Area
 • Total13.03 km2 (5.03 sq mi)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total1,632
 • Density130/km2 (320/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC±00:00 (WET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+01:00 (WEST)
Postal code
4900
PatronSanta Cristina
Websitehttp://www.jf-afife.com

History Edit

 
The old church of the Convent of São João de Cabanas

The date of the parish's founding is unclear, although archaeological evidence in this area (castros, cromlechs and menhir) attest to a human presence to the Neolithic. Of the castro structures still located within the region, two share some importance: the castro Morro dos Mouros, and Cividade, which was located in a high mountaintop and separated the settlements of Afife from Âncora (in the neighbouring municipality of Caminha). The latter was a strongly defended fortification with thick walls, which today only exist remnants. Closer to the sea, is the Castro of Santo António, so called due to the existence of a chapel there dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua, and which extends atop a small mountain. in the southeast. In addition, there is the castro of Cutro, where the vestiges of access road were discovered and two others in Agrichouso, in addition to several throughout the mountains. Similarly a Roman-era villa, in Baganheiras, burial mounds in Modorro and possibly in Concheiro, several funerary vases, and rock remnants of salting vats, as well as agricultural implements, indicate the presence of humans during the civilized periods of historical occupation.

Celts and Phoenician traders may have settled in this region, along the coast, although these are only speculations. The resettlement of Afife, began with the Count of Tui, D. Paio Vermundes, or his sons, when the lands between the Minho and Lima Rivers were under his domain. Documents from the 10th century, identifying several settlements along the coast and suggesting an occupation after 868, but before 890. It is unclear whether at this time the region was referred to as Fifi or Afifi (nomenclatures which first appeared at the end of the 9th century), or if it received this name from its founder or principal resident. It is possible that Afife arises from the Arab word "Afif", which is an adjective designating that someone is virtuous; much later, the name appeared in 1108, suggesting the existence of a Villa Afif, that obtained the name from its master. Along the centuries, the toponymy appeared variously as Fifi, Affifi, Afifi and Afife. Popular interpretations suggest that the place-name is Roman, from "Aff-hifas", indicating "sopa de cabelos" (hair soup). These definitions come from a period when Roman legions invaded the Lusitanian territory, massacring the population, including women. In order to escape the horrors, some of these women disfigured themselves, cutting their hair and throwing the tresses into springs. When thirsty soldiers went to one of these fountains, they discovered a hair in the water, referring to the area as soup of hair.

Title of Afife was held in the hands of Mendo Pais (one of the sons of the Count of Tui) and, later, one of his nephews, Paio Soares, before being transferred to the Monastery of São Salvador da Torre (at its foundation). The subsequent fate of the holdings of the monastery are not concrete, since the monastery went into ruins and its possessions were appropriated by others around the 10th century, and after the Moorish invasions of Almançor. The monastery was rebuilt after the 11th century, by the descendant of Paio Vermundes, presbyter Ordonho Enes.

The founding of the Monastery of São João de Cabanas occurred in the middle of the 6th century. Friar Leão de São Tomaz, a Benedictine monk, who lived during the era of Martin of Braga, suggested that this monastery located in the territory of Afife was established by the cleric. Some historians suggest that these declarations were premature, noting the construction of the monastery around 564, while other documents suggest 602. A century later, the monastery was a rich centre of religion in the region: "...all the lands of the mount of Âncora and waters to the river until the sea, and in addition to the river, also called Âncora, to the east which included three miles of land, and another three to the west, which had tithes, covenants and rents."[3] The founder of the monastery left the institution in a favourable condition, lasting the reigns of Sebastian and Philip I, acting as a religious centre for convalescence and aid of the sick. But, judicial actions by powerful peoples, suggest that this institution followed the Order of Christ.

The 1258 Inquirições (Inqueries) confirm most of these facts, and also describe the existence of two villages in the parrochia Sancte Christine de Affifi, Affifi and Vila Meiãa, and several houses associated with the Monastery of São Salvador da Torre. During this epoch, the two villages and parish church were owned partially by the Crown, but the creation of the municipality of Viana do Castelo would change this. King Afonso III of Portugal approached the Bishop of Tui to abrogate his authority over the parish of Couto de Vinha in this new restructuring, but finding no support, the monarch transferred the royal lands of Afife and Vila Meã to Viana do Castelo. Similarly, the Sé of Braga also possessed lands within the region. At the time of the Royal inventory, the monastery of São João de Cabanas was controlled by the Royal court, and King Sancho I (in 1187).

Father Carvalho, around this time, listed Afife, in whole or in part, pertained to King Afonso III, granted half of this parish to the church of Santa Maria de Sá, in Ponte de Lima, in 1262, which pertained to the Episcopal seat of Tui, in exchange for patronage of Santa Maria da Vinha in Areosa. This was supported by documents in the possession of the Bishop of Tui, around 1258–1259, that situated the territory (within the territory of Entre Lima and Minho), as "medietas domini regis". King Denis later provided a tax in 1320, to elaborate the parish, situating the parish of Santa Cristina de Afife within the Terra de Vinha.

In the census of Diogo de Sousa (1514–1532), which was used to specify the annual payments to the archdiocese by the 140 residents, Afife is mentioned as a place within the municipality of Viana. A similar census by friar Baltasar Limpo (1551–1581) noted that Santa Cristina de Afife was part of the Terra de Viana, which was partially owned by the clergy of the Monastery of São Salvador.

In the 16th century, Afife was a rectory of the convent of São Domingos de Viana, and under the military jurisdiction of the Order of Christ.

Geography Edit

Afife is located along the northern border of the municipality of Viana do Castelo, approximately 10 kilometres from the municipal seat. It is neighbours include the civil parish of Vila Praia de Âncora (municipality of Caminha) and Freixieiro de Soutelo (in the municipality of Viana do Castelo) to the north; the parish of Carreço, and a small area of the parish of Areosa, (within the municipality of Viana do Castelo) to the south; the parish of Outeiro to the east; and fronting the Atlantic Ocean in the west.

Situated between the ocean and Santa Luzia mountains, Afife is situated in an ecological landscape that includes white sand beaches, along its 4 miles (6.4 km) coast. The Cabanas River is the main affluente in the parish, whose source lies within the Santa Luzia Mountains, and crosses the parish (and village), while the Ribeira de Afife (and its three affluents: the Ribeira da Pedreira, Ribeira de Agrichousa and Ribeira do Fojo) complement the water sources.

The beaches of Afife are isolated by a large curtain of dunes, whose growth have recently necessitated measure to limit desertification.

On its banks is located on the Convent of Cabanas, founded in the 10th century, is the most important Monument of the parish.

Economy Edit

Historically, Afife was a place known for fish captures and, for a time, whaling. One of the few economic industries along the coast was the collection of seaweed, an industry controlled by a rigorous agreement between the participants. A job handled by women, the seaweed was transported to the dunes after collection, dried and then sold from large mounds to farmers.

The fertile lands, which have supported the majority of its citizens throughout the centuries, have been supported by several small parcels. Tourism, small industry and commerce are the primary industries in the region. Initially based on primary sector industries, the economy in this parish has benefited from its location along the Atlantic Ocean, and, over the last few decades, reoriented its economy. After the 18th century, decorative gesso became an important contribution to the local economy, supported by professional programs to teach the skill.

Culture Edit

Traditional festivals in the parish include: the festival of São João (held on 24 June); Santo António (13 June); and Nossa Senhora da Lapa (between 12 and 14 July).

Gastronomically, the parish is known for Robalo com algas, arroz doce de Afife, filhoses and sanguinha.

The main socio-cultural organizations include the Casino Afifense, ADA – Associação Desportiva Afifense, NAIAA – Núcleo Amador de Investigação Arqueológica de Afife, Ronda da Costa Verde and Grupo de Danças e Cantares de Afife, APCA – Associação de Protecção e Conservação do Ambiente.

The British watercolour painter Susanna Roope Dockery, who lived in Porto had a small cottage in Afife, which she used as a base for trips to paint rural scenes.

References Edit

  1. ^ Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal
  2. ^ . Archived from the original on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  3. ^ Avelino Ramos Meira, Monografia de Afife (1945)

External links Edit

  • Afife Digital Blogspot

afife, civil, parish, located, portuguese, municipality, viana, castelo, population, 2011, area, civil, parishflagcoat, armslocation, portugalcoordinates, 861country, portugalregionnorteintermunic, comm, alto, minhodistrictviana, castelomunicipalityviana, cast. Afife is a civil parish located in the Portuguese municipality of Viana do Castelo The population in 2011 was 1 632 1 in an area of 13 03 km2 2 AfifeCivil parishFlagCoat of armsAfifeLocation in PortugalCoordinates 41 46 44 N 8 51 40 W 41 779 N 8 861 W 41 779 8 861Country PortugalRegionNorteIntermunic comm Alto MinhoDistrictViana do CasteloMunicipalityViana do CasteloArea Total13 03 km2 5 03 sq mi Population 2011 Total1 632 Density130 km2 320 sq mi Time zoneUTC 00 00 WET Summer DST UTC 01 00 WEST Postal code4900PatronSanta CristinaWebsitehttp www jf afife com Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Economy 4 Culture 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit nbsp The old church of the Convent of Sao Joao de CabanasThe date of the parish s founding is unclear although archaeological evidence in this area castros cromlechs and menhir attest to a human presence to the Neolithic Of the castro structures still located within the region two share some importance the castro Morro dos Mouros and Cividade which was located in a high mountaintop and separated the settlements of Afife from Ancora in the neighbouring municipality of Caminha The latter was a strongly defended fortification with thick walls which today only exist remnants Closer to the sea is the Castro of Santo Antonio so called due to the existence of a chapel there dedicated to Saint Anthony of Padua and which extends atop a small mountain in the southeast In addition there is the castro of Cutro where the vestiges of access road were discovered and two others in Agrichouso in addition to several throughout the mountains Similarly a Roman era villa in Baganheiras burial mounds in Modorro and possibly in Concheiro several funerary vases and rock remnants of salting vats as well as agricultural implements indicate the presence of humans during the civilized periods of historical occupation Celts and Phoenician traders may have settled in this region along the coast although these are only speculations The resettlement of Afife began with the Count of Tui D Paio Vermundes or his sons when the lands between the Minho and Lima Rivers were under his domain Documents from the 10th century identifying several settlements along the coast and suggesting an occupation after 868 but before 890 It is unclear whether at this time the region was referred to as Fifi or Afifi nomenclatures which first appeared at the end of the 9th century or if it received this name from its founder or principal resident It is possible that Afife arises from the Arab word Afif which is an adjective designating that someone is virtuous much later the name appeared in 1108 suggesting the existence of a Villa Afif that obtained the name from its master Along the centuries the toponymy appeared variously as Fifi Affifi Afifi and Afife Popular interpretations suggest that the place name is Roman from Aff hifas indicating sopa de cabelos hair soup These definitions come from a period when Roman legions invaded the Lusitanian territory massacring the population including women In order to escape the horrors some of these women disfigured themselves cutting their hair and throwing the tresses into springs When thirsty soldiers went to one of these fountains they discovered a hair in the water referring to the area as soup of hair Title of Afife was held in the hands of Mendo Pais one of the sons of the Count of Tui and later one of his nephews Paio Soares before being transferred to the Monastery of Sao Salvador da Torre at its foundation The subsequent fate of the holdings of the monastery are not concrete since the monastery went into ruins and its possessions were appropriated by others around the 10th century and after the Moorish invasions of Almancor The monastery was rebuilt after the 11th century by the descendant of Paio Vermundes presbyter Ordonho Enes The founding of the Monastery of Sao Joao de Cabanas occurred in the middle of the 6th century Friar Leao de Sao Tomaz a Benedictine monk who lived during the era of Martin of Braga suggested that this monastery located in the territory of Afife was established by the cleric Some historians suggest that these declarations were premature noting the construction of the monastery around 564 while other documents suggest 602 A century later the monastery was a rich centre of religion in the region all the lands of the mount of Ancora and waters to the river until the sea and in addition to the river also called Ancora to the east which included three miles of land and another three to the west which had tithes covenants and rents 3 The founder of the monastery left the institution in a favourable condition lasting the reigns of Sebastian and Philip I acting as a religious centre for convalescence and aid of the sick But judicial actions by powerful peoples suggest that this institution followed the Order of Christ The 1258 Inquiricoes Inqueries confirm most of these facts and also describe the existence of two villages in the parrochia Sancte Christine de Affifi Affifi and Vila Meiaa and several houses associated with the Monastery of Sao Salvador da Torre During this epoch the two villages and parish church were owned partially by the Crown but the creation of the municipality of Viana do Castelo would change this King Afonso III of Portugal approached the Bishop of Tui to abrogate his authority over the parish of Couto de Vinha in this new restructuring but finding no support the monarch transferred the royal lands of Afife and Vila Mea to Viana do Castelo Similarly the Se of Braga also possessed lands within the region At the time of the Royal inventory the monastery of Sao Joao de Cabanas was controlled by the Royal court and King Sancho I in 1187 Father Carvalho around this time listed Afife in whole or in part pertained to King Afonso III granted half of this parish to the church of Santa Maria de Sa in Ponte de Lima in 1262 which pertained to the Episcopal seat of Tui in exchange for patronage of Santa Maria da Vinha in Areosa This was supported by documents in the possession of the Bishop of Tui around 1258 1259 that situated the territory within the territory of Entre Lima and Minho as medietas domini regis King Denis later provided a tax in 1320 to elaborate the parish situating the parish of Santa Cristina de Afife within the Terra de Vinha In the census of Diogo de Sousa 1514 1532 which was used to specify the annual payments to the archdiocese by the 140 residents Afife is mentioned as a place within the municipality of Viana A similar census by friar Baltasar Limpo 1551 1581 noted that Santa Cristina de Afife was part of the Terra de Viana which was partially owned by the clergy of the Monastery of Sao Salvador In the 16th century Afife was a rectory of the convent of Sao Domingos de Viana and under the military jurisdiction of the Order of Christ Geography EditAfife is located along the northern border of the municipality of Viana do Castelo approximately 10 kilometres from the municipal seat It is neighbours include the civil parish of Vila Praia de Ancora municipality of Caminha and Freixieiro de Soutelo in the municipality of Viana do Castelo to the north the parish of Carreco and a small area of the parish of Areosa within the municipality of Viana do Castelo to the south the parish of Outeiro to the east and fronting the Atlantic Ocean in the west Situated between the ocean and Santa Luzia mountains Afife is situated in an ecological landscape that includes white sand beaches along its 4 miles 6 4 km coast The Cabanas River is the main affluente in the parish whose source lies within the Santa Luzia Mountains and crosses the parish and village while the Ribeira de Afife and its three affluents the Ribeira da Pedreira Ribeira de Agrichousa and Ribeira do Fojo complement the water sources The beaches of Afife are isolated by a large curtain of dunes whose growth have recently necessitated measure to limit desertification On its banks is located on the Convent of Cabanas founded in the 10th century is the most important Monument of the parish Economy EditHistorically Afife was a place known for fish captures and for a time whaling One of the few economic industries along the coast was the collection of seaweed an industry controlled by a rigorous agreement between the participants A job handled by women the seaweed was transported to the dunes after collection dried and then sold from large mounds to farmers The fertile lands which have supported the majority of its citizens throughout the centuries have been supported by several small parcels Tourism small industry and commerce are the primary industries in the region Initially based on primary sector industries the economy in this parish has benefited from its location along the Atlantic Ocean and over the last few decades reoriented its economy After the 18th century decorative gesso became an important contribution to the local economy supported by professional programs to teach the skill Culture EditTraditional festivals in the parish include the festival of Sao Joao held on 24 June Santo Antonio 13 June and Nossa Senhora da Lapa between 12 and 14 July Gastronomically the parish is known for Robalo com algas arroz doce de Afife filhoses and sanguinha The main socio cultural organizations include the Casino Afifense ADA Associacao Desportiva Afifense NAIAA Nucleo Amador de Investigacao Arqueologica de Afife Ronda da Costa Verde and Grupo de Dancas e Cantares de Afife APCA Associacao de Proteccao e Conservacao do Ambiente The British watercolour painter Susanna Roope Dockery who lived in Porto had a small cottage in Afife which she used as a base for trips to paint rural scenes References Edit Instituto Nacional de Estatistica INE Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal Areas das freguesias concelhos distritos e pais Archived from the original on 5 November 2018 Retrieved 5 November 2018 Avelino Ramos Meira Monografia de Afife 1945 External links EditAfife Digital Blogspot Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Afife amp oldid 1111491876, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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