Aeroperú
Empresa de Transporte Aéreo del Perú S.A., branded as Aeroperú, was a Peruvian airline, serving as flag carrier of Peru from 1973 to 1999. The company was headquartered in Lima, with the city's Jorge Chávez International Airport serving as its primary hub. Besides an extensive domestic route network, Aeroperú offered international flights to places in Latin America and the United States of America. The company had around 1,500 employees.
| Founded | May 22, 1973 |
|---|---|
| Commenced operations | October 3, 1973 |
| Ceased operations | August 18, 1999 |
| Hubs | Jorge Chávez International Airport |
| Focus cities | El Dorado International Airport (late 1990s) |
| Parent company | Aeroméxico |
| Headquarters | Lima, Peru |
| Key people | Gregorio Nolan (CEO) |
History
Aeroperú was formed on May 22, 1973, following the reorganization of SATCO,[1] an earlier airline founded on 1960 and controlled by the Peruvian Army. Initially a wholly state-owned company with a fleet of three Fokker F28 Fellowships taken over from SATCO, revenue flights were commenced in October on the Lima-Cusco route. Soon, a Boeing 727 joined the fleet, and the airline placed an order for two new Fokker F27 Friendships. In 1974, two Douglas DC-8s were acquired from Viasa, which allowed the launch of international routes. The inaugural international flight to Buenos Aires took place on 29 July of that year, soon followed by a scheduled service to Miami. By 1978, the Aeroperú network had grown to include a multitude of destinations in Latin America, and also the US cities of New York and Los Angeles due to their large Latino populations.[2]
In July 1981, Aeroperú was gradually privatized, with the Peruvian government keeping a minority share of 20%.[3] In 1982, plans were made for a merger with Faucett Perú, the other large passenger airline in the country at that time. As a preparatory measure, redundancies in the route networks of the two airlines were removed, so that Aeroperú had to suspend flights to a number of destinations,[4] including Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, New York City and Los Angeles.[5] No further steps were taken towards merging the two airlines, and so in 1983 flights to several destinations recommenced.[6] A bilateral air traffic agreement between Peru and the United States expired on 11 November 1983. Because of disagreements over the granting of fifth freedom rights, all flights between the two countries were suspended in May 1984[7] until mid-1985, which affected Aeroperú's Lima-Miami route.
In 1993, Aeroméxico acquired 70% of the shares worth $54 million, thus making Aeroperú its subsidiary.[8] Subsequently two Boeing 757-200s were transferred, allowing Aeroperú to replace their ageing DC-8s. In 1996, 47% of Aeroperú was transferred to Cintra, the parent company of Aeroméxico and Mexicana de Aviación.[9] In 1998, Delta Air Lines became a major shareholder of Aeroperú, when they acquired a 35 percent stake in the airline.[10] The agreement saw Cintra reducing their share to an equal 35 percent.[11]
Aeroperú was forced to suspend all flight operations on March 10, 1999.[12] According to general director Jaan Albrecht, Aeroperu's debt by 1999 had reached $174 million, while the airline's tangible assets were worth only $50 million.[13] Several plans for a relaunch were made, which included a possible buy-in of Continental Airlines or a takeover by a group of foreign investors.[14] None of these materialized, and Aeroperú was liquidated on August 18, 1999.[15] Most of its route network as well as the role of Peruvian flag carrier was taken over by newly founded LAN Perú.[16]
Destinations
With Jorge Chavez International Airport being its most important hub, Aeroperú maintained an extensive domestic route network. International flights were offered to a number of cities in Latin America, as well as the United States.
Fleet
Over the years, Aeroperú operated the following aircraft types:[17][18]
| Aircraft | Total | Introduced | Retired | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boeing 727-100 | 8 | 1974 | 1998 | |
| Boeing 727-200 | 9 | 1993 | 1999 | |
| Boeing 737-200 | 4 | 1998 | 1999 | |
| Boeing 757-200 | 4 | 1994 | 1999 | |
| Boeing 767-200 | 1 | 1990 | 1990 | Leased from Britannia Airways |
| Douglas C-47 Skytrain | 3 | 1973 | Unknown | |
| Douglas DC-8-43 | 1 | 1978 | 1978 | Leased from Air Jamaica |
| Douglas DC-8-51 | 3 | 1976 | 1981 | |
| Douglas DC-8-53 | 3 | 1974 | 1976 | |
| Douglas DC-8-61 | 1 | 1992 | 1994 | |
| Douglas DC-8-62H | 5 | 1988 | 1994 | |
| Douglas DC-8-63 | 1 | 1990 | 1992 | |
| Fokker F-27 Friendship | 3 | 1974 | 1984 | |
| Fokker F-28 Fellowship | 4 | 1973 | 1998 | |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10-15 | 3 | 1993 | 1997 | Leased from Mexicana de Aviación |
| McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 | 1 | 1994 | 1995 | Leased from Canadian Airlines |
| Lockheed L-1011 Tristar | 2 | 1978 | 1985 | Leased from Lockheed Corporation |
| 1 | 1991 | 1992 | Jointly operated by Faucett Perú |
Accidents and incidents
- On October 25, 1988, in Aeroperú Flight 772, an Aeroperú Fokker F28 Fellowship (registered OB-R-1020) took off at Inca Manco Cápac International Airport for a domestic flight to Arequipa, but failed to obtain any substantial height. Subsequently, the aircraft hit the ground and broke up into several pieces. Of the 65 passengers on board, 11 were killed, as well as one crew member.[19]
- On October 2, 1996, Aeroperú Flight 603, a Boeing 757-200 (registered N52AW) had been en route from Lima to Santiago de Chile when it crashed into the Pacific Ocean at 01:11 local time. The investigation revealed that during earlier maintenance work, a protective tape covering the static ports of the airplane had not been removed, which resulted in incorrect instrument data being delivered to the pilots during the accident flight. All 70 people onboard the aircraft died in the crash.[20]
See also
References
- ^ "Servicio Aéreo de Transportes Comerciales (SATCO)". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
- ^ Bailly, Augusto (1991). "History of Aeroperu". Profiling and Predicting Post-Shopping Outcome Behavior of Passenger-Consumers of Airlines in Peru: An Empirical Study (PhD thesis). Union Institute. p. 25. ProQuest 303955643.
- ^ Shea, W. Christopher (1996). "Aeroperu and Lapsa: Peru, Paraguay, and Privatization". Administrative Law Review. 48: 579.
- ^ "Peru streamlines its airlines". Flight International. 24 April 1982. p. 1028. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "World airline directory". Flight International. 3 April 1982. p. 801. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "Latin America-Caribbean". Air Transport World. 1 May 1984. ISSN 0002-2543.
- ^ "US/Peru dispute upsets tourism". Flight International. 26 January 1985. p. 32. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ Nash, Nathaniel C. (2 November 1993). "No Longer a Pariah, Peru Is Being Recast As Business Magnet". The New York Times. Vol. 143, no. 49503.
- ^ Von Hagen, Adriana (14 February 1993). "Aeromexico Heads South". Airline Business.
- ^ Knibb, Dave (July 2000). "Latin America's Casualties". Airline Business.
- ^ "AeroPerú suspends flights while debt renegotiations take place". Flight International. Vol. 17 March 1999. p. 20. Retrieved 19 April 2013.
- ^ "Aeroperu Ceases Operations To Refinance Debt". Airline Business Report. 14 (11): 1. 15 March 1999. ProQuest 231522981.
- ^ Knibb, David; Homewood, Brian (April 1999). "Aeroperu Suspends Flights". Airline Business.
- ^ Romero, Simon (19 June 1999). "Aeroperu Future". The New York Times. Vol. 148, no. 51558.
- ^ Rohter, Larry (3 June 1999). "Investment in Peruvian Airline". The New York Times. Vol. 148, no. 51542.
- ^ "LanPeru Authorized To Fly Early, But Not Off The Ground Yet". Airline Financial News. 14 (12). 22 March 1999. ISSN 1040-5410.
- ^ "Aeroperú Fleet Details and History". Planespotters.net. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
- ^ "Aero Peru fleet". aerobernie.bplaced.net. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
- ^ "A Plane Crash in Peru Kills 12 in the Andes". The New York Times. Vol. 138, no. 47670. 26 October 1988.
- ^ Wald, Matthew L. (16 November 1996). "Peru Crash Is Attributed to Maintenance Error". The New York Times. Vol. 143, no. 50613.
External links
- (in Spanish and English)
- (in Spanish)
- Evaluacion del Proceso de Privatizacion de las Empresa de Servicios Publicos 1991-2000 (in Spanish)