In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Ballivián and the second or maternal family name is Coll.
Adolfo Ballivián Coll (15 November 1831[1] – 14 February 1874) was a Bolivian military officer and politician who served as the 18th President of Bolivia from 1873 to 1874. His presidency was brief, yet serious financial and legislative problems, worsened or neglected by previous administrations, began to appear. These would have serious effects for Bolivia, leading up to the War of the Pacific.
Adolfo Ballivián
Daguerreotype of Adolfo Ballivián in 1874 by Nicolás Acosta.
Adolfo Ballivián was born on November 15, 1831 in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. He was the son of former Bolivian President and war hero José Ballivián. Highly educated, he had the opportunity to travel to many places. He was a member of the armed forces, orator, composer of classical music, writer, and deputy.
From a very young age he accompanied his father in the War of the Confederation and also participated in the Battle of Ingavi. During his first trips, living in exile with his father, he met Carmen Grimwood Allende de Quillota in Valparaíso, Chile, whom he married.
Early political career and second exile
Following his father's unexpected death in Brazil in 1855, he returned to Bolivia, rejoined the army and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He ran for Congress and also became a part-time journalist,[2] serving as aide-de-camp to José María Linares. Between 1862 and 1864 he participated as a representative in the National Assembly, and was exiled from the country after the triumph of Mariano Melgarejo over José María de Achá. He was to spend seven years in exile and only returned to Bolivia after the death of President Agustín Morales.
Return to Bolivia
Third exile and the death of Morales
He returned to Europe when relations between President Morales and Congress and civil society deteriorated in 1872. However, Morales was weary of Ballivián's presence in the country and sent him away on a diplomatic mission to Europe in May of that year. He was still in Europe when his name was invoked by congressional forces and constitutionalists to participate as a candidate in the 1873 elections, which had been quickly called after the unexpected assassination of President Morales. Tomás Frías, who had assumed the presidency by virtue of his position as the President of the Council of State, refused to finish the constitutional term and called elections.[3]
The General Elections of 1873
Frías was President after the death of Morales.
During the General Elections of 1873, Adolfo Ballivián, Casimiro Corral and Quintín Quevedo were the most prominent candidates. While the first two candidates represented their own constitutional faction, Quevedo represented the old melgarejista interests. This faction hoped to retake the lands which had been repatriated to its previous owners, seized by the government of Melgarejo and bestowed to his loyal allies.[4] The top three candidates of the elections were Ballivián, Corral, and Quevedo, receiving 6,442, 5,352, and 3,313 votes respectively. There was a total of 16,674 votes, and none of the candidates achieved the majority necessary according to the Constitution, meaning that the National Assembly was now tasked to choose among the three candidates with the most votes. The first round concluded in 31 votes for Ballivián, 20 for Corral, and 6 for Quevedo. The second round, contested between Ballivián and Corral ended with the former obtaining 41 votes and the latter 19. Thus, Ballivián defeated both Corral and Quevedo and was proclaimed President of Bolivia. Both Corral and Quevedo, as they had promised prior to their respective candidatures, accepted and acknowledged the victor of the elections as the legitimate successor to the Presidency.[5] He was elected president in what were possibly the cleanest elections up to that point in Bolivian history.[6][7] Interestingly, Ballivián had been elected while he was still in Europe, only returning to Bolivia on April 21, 1873. By this time, the electoral question had been answered and Frías was ready to hand over the executive power to him.[8]
President of Bolivia
Ballivián lying in state after his death from stomach cancer.
Ballivián enjoyed a short "honeymoon" period and then faced the usual obstructionist opposition from politicians that was typical of those times. It also didn't help that his short presidential term coincided with a global drop in silver prices, which was Bolivia's most important export product at the time, along with tin. It was in this context that Congress denied Ballivián his urgent request to buy two new warships from Europe to equip the precarious, practically non-existent Bolivian Navy.[9] This was a major concern due to challenges to Bolivian sovereignty over its Litoral emanating from Chile. This congressional rejection would be much lamented later by Bolivians when the War of the Pacific finally erupted in 1879.[10] The fiscal and financial troubles of the country bothered him greatly; however, with his weakening health, he was forced to give Frías the executive power on January 31, 1874.[11]
Sudden death
By February of 1874, it was discovered that President Ballivián suffered from stomach cancer just months after coming to power, and died on February 14, 1874. An account of his death is described as follows:
At eight o'clock, in the morning of February 14, a friend begged the family doctor to specify the prognosis. As agreed, to satisfy the patient's religious dispositions, the doctor replied: "I request a private meeting of colleagues, summon them"... The bishop-elect of La Paz was informed about the President's condition, as indicated by the doctor; being certain that he or the prelate would come at the appointed time. At eleven o'clock, the doctor, and a friend took Ballivián into their arms. They shook his head and asked him: "What do you want, sir?" Ballivián answered: "To die".[12]
Soon thereafter, Ballivián died, held by his doctor and one of his dear friends. He was replaced by the President of the Council of State, the same Tomás Frías[13] who had transferred the presidency to him only nine months prior,[14] and had already been exercising the executive power since January 31.
References
^"Adolfo Ballivián Coll / Biografía .: Un día en la historia de Bolivia". www.historia.com.bo. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
^Santivanez, Jose Maria (23 February 2019). Rasgos Biograficos de Adolfo Ballivian. Creative Media Partners, LLC. ISBN978-0-469-49188-5.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. p. 28.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. p. 94.
^Dardé, Carlos (2004). Violencia y legitimidad: política y revoluciones en España y América Latina, 1840-1910 (in Spanish). Ed. Universidad de Cantabria. ISBN978-84-8102-376-3.
^Delgado, Guillermo (2003). Identidad, ciudadanía y participación popular desde la colonia al siglo XX (in Spanish). Plural editores. ISBN978-99905-75-12-5.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. p. 53.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro.
^Wikipedia, Source (2013). People from la Paz: Adolfo Ballivián, Agustín Morales, Alcides Arguedas, Alfonso Gumucio Dagron, Alfredo Arce Carpio, Andrés de Santa Cruz, Arturo Von. General Books. ISBN978-1-230-78376-5.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. pp. 96–97.
^Sanjinés, Jenaro (1902). Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivián I [i.e. y] don Tomás Frías (in Spanish). Impr. Bolivar de M. Pizarro. pp. 103–104.
^admins5 (8 July 2015). "Adolfo Ballivián". www.educa.com.bo (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 December 2018.
^"BOLIVIA - PRESIDENTES - BOLIVIAN". www.bolivian.com. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
adolfo, ballivián, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, ballivián, second, maternal, family, name, coll, coll, november, 1831, february, 1874, bolivian, military, officer, politician, served, 18th, president, bolivia, from, 1873, 1874, presidency, br. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Ballivian and the second or maternal family name is Coll Adolfo Ballivian Coll 15 November 1831 1 14 February 1874 was a Bolivian military officer and politician who served as the 18th President of Bolivia from 1873 to 1874 His presidency was brief yet serious financial and legislative problems worsened or neglected by previous administrations began to appear These would have serious effects for Bolivia leading up to the War of the Pacific Adolfo BallivianDaguerreotype of Adolfo Ballivian in 1874 by Nicolas Acosta 18th President of BoliviaIn office 9 May 1873 14 February 1874Preceded byTomas FriasSucceeded byTomas FriasPersonal detailsBornAdolfo Ballivian Coll 1831 11 15 15 November 1831La Paz BoliviaDied14 February 1874 1874 02 14 aged 42 La Paz BoliviaCause of deathStomach cancerPolitical partyRed PartySpouseCarmen Grimwood AllendeParent s Jose BallivianMercedes CollSignatureMilitary serviceAllegianceBoliviaBranch serviceBolivian ArmyRankLieutenant colonelBattles warsBattle of Ingavi Contents 1 Early life 1 1 Youth and first exile 1 2 Early political career and second exile 2 Return to Bolivia 2 1 Third exile and the death of Morales 2 2 The General Elections of 1873 3 President of Bolivia 3 1 Sudden death 4 References 5 External linksEarly life EditYouth and first exile Edit Adolfo Ballivian was born on November 15 1831 in the city of La Paz Bolivia He was the son of former Bolivian President and war hero Jose Ballivian Highly educated he had the opportunity to travel to many places He was a member of the armed forces orator composer of classical music writer and deputy From a very young age he accompanied his father in the War of the Confederation and also participated in the Battle of Ingavi During his first trips living in exile with his father he met Carmen Grimwood Allende de Quillota in Valparaiso Chile whom he married Early political career and second exile Edit Following his father s unexpected death in Brazil in 1855 he returned to Bolivia rejoined the army and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel He ran for Congress and also became a part time journalist 2 serving as aide de camp to Jose Maria Linares Between 1862 and 1864 he participated as a representative in the National Assembly and was exiled from the country after the triumph of Mariano Melgarejo over Jose Maria de Acha He was to spend seven years in exile and only returned to Bolivia after the death of President Agustin Morales Return to Bolivia EditThird exile and the death of Morales Edit He returned to Europe when relations between President Morales and Congress and civil society deteriorated in 1872 However Morales was weary of Ballivian s presence in the country and sent him away on a diplomatic mission to Europe in May of that year He was still in Europe when his name was invoked by congressional forces and constitutionalists to participate as a candidate in the 1873 elections which had been quickly called after the unexpected assassination of President Morales Tomas Frias who had assumed the presidency by virtue of his position as the President of the Council of State refused to finish the constitutional term and called elections 3 The General Elections of 1873 Edit Frias was President after the death of Morales During the General Elections of 1873 Adolfo Ballivian Casimiro Corral and Quintin Quevedo were the most prominent candidates While the first two candidates represented their own constitutional faction Quevedo represented the old melgarejista interests This faction hoped to retake the lands which had been repatriated to its previous owners seized by the government of Melgarejo and bestowed to his loyal allies 4 The top three candidates of the elections were Ballivian Corral and Quevedo receiving 6 442 5 352 and 3 313 votes respectively There was a total of 16 674 votes and none of the candidates achieved the majority necessary according to the Constitution meaning that the National Assembly was now tasked to choose among the three candidates with the most votes The first round concluded in 31 votes for Ballivian 20 for Corral and 6 for Quevedo The second round contested between Ballivian and Corral ended with the former obtaining 41 votes and the latter 19 Thus Ballivian defeated both Corral and Quevedo and was proclaimed President of Bolivia Both Corral and Quevedo as they had promised prior to their respective candidatures accepted and acknowledged the victor of the elections as the legitimate successor to the Presidency 5 He was elected president in what were possibly the cleanest elections up to that point in Bolivian history 6 7 Interestingly Ballivian had been elected while he was still in Europe only returning to Bolivia on April 21 1873 By this time the electoral question had been answered and Frias was ready to hand over the executive power to him 8 President of Bolivia Edit Ballivian lying in state after his death from stomach cancer Ballivian enjoyed a short honeymoon period and then faced the usual obstructionist opposition from politicians that was typical of those times It also didn t help that his short presidential term coincided with a global drop in silver prices which was Bolivia s most important export product at the time along with tin It was in this context that Congress denied Ballivian his urgent request to buy two new warships from Europe to equip the precarious practically non existent Bolivian Navy 9 This was a major concern due to challenges to Bolivian sovereignty over its Litoral emanating from Chile This congressional rejection would be much lamented later by Bolivians when the War of the Pacific finally erupted in 1879 10 The fiscal and financial troubles of the country bothered him greatly however with his weakening health he was forced to give Frias the executive power on January 31 1874 11 Sudden death EditBy February of 1874 it was discovered that President Ballivian suffered from stomach cancer just months after coming to power and died on February 14 1874 An account of his death is described as follows At eight o clock in the morning of February 14 a friend begged the family doctor to specify the prognosis As agreed to satisfy the patient s religious dispositions the doctor replied I request a private meeting of colleagues summon them The bishop elect of La Paz was informed about the President s condition as indicated by the doctor being certain that he or the prelate would come at the appointed time At eleven o clock the doctor and a friend took Ballivian into their arms They shook his head and asked him What do you want sir Ballivian answered To die 12 Soon thereafter Ballivian died held by his doctor and one of his dear friends He was replaced by the President of the Council of State the same Tomas Frias 13 who had transferred the presidency to him only nine months prior 14 and had already been exercising the executive power since January 31 References Edit Adolfo Ballivian Coll Biografia Un dia en la historia de Bolivia www historia com bo Retrieved 26 December 2018 Santivanez Jose Maria 23 February 2019 Rasgos Biograficos de Adolfo Ballivian Creative Media Partners LLC ISBN 978 0 469 49188 5 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro p 28 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro p 94 Darde Carlos 2004 Violencia y legitimidad politica y revoluciones en Espana y America Latina 1840 1910 in Spanish Ed Universidad de Cantabria ISBN 978 84 8102 376 3 Delgado Guillermo 2003 Identidad ciudadania y participacion popular desde la colonia al siglo XX in Spanish Plural editores ISBN 978 99905 75 12 5 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro p 53 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro Wikipedia Source 2013 People from la Paz Adolfo Ballivian Agustin Morales Alcides Arguedas Alfonso Gumucio Dagron Alfredo Arce Carpio Andres de Santa Cruz Arturo Von General Books ISBN 978 1 230 78376 5 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro pp 96 97 Sanjines Jenaro 1902 Apuntes para la historia de Bolivia bajo las administraciones de don Adolfo Ballivian I i e y don Tomas Frias in Spanish Impr Bolivar de M Pizarro pp 103 104 admins5 8 July 2015 Adolfo Ballivian www educa com bo in Spanish Retrieved 26 December 2018 BOLIVIA PRESIDENTES BOLIVIAN www bolivian com Retrieved 26 December 2018 External links EditWorks by or about Adolfo Ballivian at Internet ArchivePolitical officesPreceded byTomas Frias President of Bolivia1873 1874 Succeeded byTomas Frias Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Adolfo Ballivian amp oldid 1128185359, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
