The genus has the largest number of chromosomes in the known plant kingdom, but contrary to popular belief does not have the largest number of chromosomes out of all known organisms, falling short to the protist Sterkiella histriomuscorum.
Adders-tongues are so-called because the spore-bearing stalk is thought to resemble a snake's tongue. Each plant typically sends up a small, undivided leaf blade with netted venation, and the spore stalk forks from the leaf stalk, terminating in sporangia which are partially concealed within a structure with slit sides.[3]
When the leaf blade is present, there is not always a spore stalk present, and the plants do not always send up a leaf, sometimes going for a year to a period of years living only under the soil, nourished by association with soil fungi.
The plant grows from a central, budding, fleshy structure with fleshy, radiating roots.
Ophioglossum has a high chromosome count in comparison to other species, with 120 or up to 720 chromosomes possible in intervals of 120 due to polyploidy (multiple possible copies of chromosomes). It has almost 1260 number of chromosomes in the meiocyte (spore mother cell) which undergo meiosis, the reduction division to form the spore with only one set of chromosomes getting incorporated into each spore.[5] The species Ophioglossum reticulatum has the highest number of chromosomes found in any multicellular organism.[6]
^ abcHassler, Michael (2004–2021). "Genus Ophioglossum L." World Ferns. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Version 12.8. Retrieved 2021-12-22.
^ abceFloras: Ophioglossum accessed 14 February 2014.
^Discovery of the World’s Smallest Terrestrial Pteridophyte
^Lukhtanov, Vladimir (2015-07-10). "The blue butterfly Polyommatus (Plebicula) atlanticus (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non-polyploid eukaryotic organisms". Comparative Cytogenetics. 9 (4): 683–690. doi:10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.5760. PMC4698580. PMID 26753083.
^Genome size expansion and the relationship between nuclear DNA content and spore size in the Asplenium monanthes fern complex (Aspleniaceae)
^Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC9449725. PMID 36092417.
^"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 [GenBank release 256]. 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
External linksedit
Flora of North America: Ophioglossum (Adder's-tongue)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ophioglossum.
March 14, 2024
ophioglossum, adder, tongue, ferns, genus, about, species, ferns, family, ophioglossaceae, name, comes, from, greek, meaning, snake, tongue, their, cosmopolitan, distribution, mainly, tropical, subtropical, habitats, vulgatumscientific, classificationkingdom, . Ophioglossum the adder s tongue ferns is a genus of about 50 species of ferns in the family Ophioglossaceae The name Ophioglossum comes from the Greek meaning snake tongue 3 Their cosmopolitan distribution is mainly in tropical and subtropical habitats 3 OphioglossumOphioglossum vulgatumScientific classificationKingdom PlantaeClade TracheophytesDivision PolypodiophytaClass PolypodiopsidaOrder OphioglossalesFamily OphioglossaceaeSubfamily OphioglossoideaeGenus OphioglossumL 1 Type speciesOphioglossum vulgatumL SpeciesSee textSynonyms 2 Cassiopteris H Karst Goswamia Zhang amp Zhang Haukia Zhang amp Zhang Rhizoglossum Presl non Kylin Whittieria Zhang amp ZhangThe genus has the largest number of chromosomes in the known plant kingdom but contrary to popular belief does not have the largest number of chromosomes out of all known organisms falling short to the protist Sterkiella histriomuscorum Contents 1 Description 2 Taxonomy 3 Phylogeny 4 Species 5 References 6 External linksDescription editAdders tongues are so called because the spore bearing stalk is thought to resemble a snake s tongue Each plant typically sends up a small undivided leaf blade with netted venation and the spore stalk forks from the leaf stalk terminating in sporangia which are partially concealed within a structure with slit sides 3 When the leaf blade is present there is not always a spore stalk present and the plants do not always send up a leaf sometimes going for a year to a period of years living only under the soil nourished by association with soil fungi The plant grows from a central budding fleshy structure with fleshy radiating roots Ophioglossum malviae is known as the world s smallest terrestrial fern 4 Taxonomy editOphioglossum has a high chromosome count in comparison to other species with 120 or up to 720 chromosomes possible in intervals of 120 due to polyploidy multiple possible copies of chromosomes It has almost 1260 number of chromosomes in the meiocyte spore mother cell which undergo meiosis the reduction division to form the spore with only one set of chromosomes getting incorporated into each spore 5 The species Ophioglossum reticulatum has the highest number of chromosomes found in any multicellular organism 6 Phylogeny editPhylogeny of Ophioglossum 7 8 Ophioglossum Ophioglossum O polyphyllumsection AitchisoniiWhittieria O engelmanniiGoswamia O nudicauleO rubellumO trilokinathiiO gomezianumO costatumO eliminatumHaukia O crotalophoroidesOphioglossum s s Kawamurae O parvifoliumO kawamuraeO parvum Ophioglossum O pusillumO austroasiaticumO namegataeO lancifoliumO petiolatumO coriaceumO reticulatumO thermaleO gramineumO californicumO vulgatums l Species editAs of December 2021 update World Ferns listed the following species 2 Goswamia Ophioglossum costatum R Br Ophioglossum eliminatum Khand amp Goswamy status uncertain Ophioglossum gomezianum Welw ex A Braun Ophioglossum gujaratensis S M Patil et al Ophioglossum hitkishorei M Patel amp M N Reddy Ophioglossum indicum B L Yadav amp H K Goswami Ophioglossum isanensis Petchsri Li Bing Zhang amp Jaruwatt Ophioglossum malviae M Patel amp M N Reddy Ophioglossum nudicaule L fil Ophioglossum raphaelianum Anto et al Ophioglossum rubellum Welw ex A Braun Ophioglossum trilokinathii B L Yadav Meghvansi Meena amp Gena Haukia Ophioglossum crotalophoroides Walter Ophioglossum opacum R Br Ophioglossum tuberosum Hook amp Arn Whittieria Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl Ophioglossum s s Ophioglossum ammophilum C D Adams sometimes included in O gomezianum Ophioglossum austroasiaticum Nishida possibly a synonym of O reticulatum Ophioglossum azoricum C Presl Ophioglossum californicum Prantl Ophioglossum caroticaule J E Burrows Ophioglossum convexum J E Burrows Ophioglossum coriaceum A Cunn Ophioglossum fernandezianum C Chr doubtful species Ophioglossum giovanninii Peruzzi Pierini Magrini Marchetti amp Viane Ophioglossum gracile J E Burrows ex Pocock may be included in O gramineum Ophioglossum gracillimum Welw ex Hook amp Baker Ophioglossum gramineum Willd Ophioglossum harrisii Underw Ophioglossum jaykrishnae S M Patil S K Patel Raole amp K S Rajput provisionally accepted name Ophioglossum kawamurae Tagawa Ophioglossum lancifolium C Presl Ophioglossum latifolium Prantl J E Burrows Ophioglossum lineare Schltr amp Brause possibly a synonym of O parvifolium Ophioglossum louisii Taton Ophioglossum lusitanicum L Ophioglossum lusoafricanum Welw ex Prantl Ophioglossum melipillense J Remy Ophioglossum namegatae M Nishida amp Kurita probably a synonym of O petiolatum Ophioglossum oblongum H G Zhou amp H Li Ophioglossum parvifolium Hook amp Grev Ophioglossum parvum M Nishida amp Kurita Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook Ophioglossum pierinii Peruzzi Magrini Marchetti amp Viane Ophioglossum polyphyllum A Braun Ophioglossum pseudoazoricum Peruzzi Pierini Magrini Marchetti amp Viane Ophioglossum pusillum Raf Ophioglossum reticulatum L Ophioglossum sandieae J E Burrows Ophioglossum scariosum Clausen Ophioglossum thermale Kom Ophioglossum thomasii Clausen Ophioglossum vulgatum L Ophioglossum yongrenense Ching ex Z R He amp W M Chu Species that may be placed in this genus include 2 Ophioglossum bergianum Schltdl Rhizoglossum bergianum Ophioglossum falcatum Presl Fowler Ophioderma falcatum Ophioglossum intermedium Hook Ophioderma intermedium Ophioglossum simplex Ridley Ophioderma simplexReferences edit Ophioglossum Plants of the World Online Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Retrieved 22 April 2020 a b c Hassler Michael 2004 2021 Genus Ophioglossum L World Ferns Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World Version 12 8 Retrieved 2021 12 22 a b c eFloras Ophioglossum accessed 14 February 2014 Discovery of the World s Smallest Terrestrial Pteridophyte Lukhtanov Vladimir 2015 07 10 The blue butterfly Polyommatus Plebicula atlanticus Lepidoptera Lycaenidae holds the record of the highest number of chromosomes in the non polyploid eukaryotic organisms Comparative Cytogenetics 9 4 683 690 doi 10 3897 compcytogen v9i4 5760 PMC 4698580 PMID 26753083 Genome size expansion and the relationship between nuclear DNA content and spore size in the Asplenium monanthes fern complex Aspleniaceae Nitta Joel H Schuettpelz Eric Ramirez Barahona Santiago Iwasaki Wataru et al 2022 An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life Frontiers in Plant Science 13 909768 doi 10 3389 fpls 2022 909768 PMC 9449725 PMID 36092417 Tree viewer interactive visualization of FTOL FTOL v1 5 0 GenBank release 256 2023 Retrieved 17 August 2023 External links editFlora of North America Ophioglossum Adder s tongue nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ophioglossum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ophioglossum amp oldid 1207210053, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
