The acetabulum (/ˌæsɪˈtæbjələm/ or acetable;[1] pl.: acetabula) also called the cotyloid cavity, is a concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.[2][3]
There are three bones of the os coxae (hip bone) that come together to form the acetabulum. Contributing a little more than two-fifths of the structure is the ischium, which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum. The ilium forms the upper boundary, providing a little less than two-fifths of the structure of the acetabulum. The rest is formed by the pubis, near the midline.
It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim, thick and strong on top, which serves as the point of attachment for the acetabular labrum. The acetabular labrum reduces the size of the opening of the acetabulum and deepens the surface of the hip joint. At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch, which is continuous with a circular depression, the acetabular fossa, at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum. The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved, crescent-moon shaped surface, the lunate surface, where the joint is made with the head of the femur. Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa.[4]
The acetabulum is also home to the acetabular fossa, an attachment site for the ligamentum teres, a triangular, somewhat flattened band implanted by its apex into the antero-superior part of the fovea capitis femoris. The notch is converted into a foramen by the transverse acetabular ligament; through the foramen nutrient vessels and nerves enter the joint. This is what holds the head of the femur securely in the acetabulum.[2]
The well-fitting surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum, which face each other, are lined with a layer of slippery tissue called articular cartilage, which is lubricated by a thin film of synovial fluid. Friction inside a normal hip is less than one-tenth that of ice gliding on ice.[5][6]
Blood supplyedit
The acetabular branch of the obturator artery supplies the acetabulum through the acetabular notch. The pubic branches supply the pelvic surface of the acetabulum. Deep branches of the superior gluteal artery supply the superior region and the inferior gluteal artery supplies the postero-inferior region.[7]
In reptiles and birds, the acetabula are deep sockets. Organisms in the dinosauria clade are defined by a perforate acetabulum, which can be thought of as a "hip-socket". The perforate acetabulum is a cup-shaped opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the ischium, ilium, and pubis all meet, and into which the head of the femur inserts.[8][9] The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies. In a relatively small number of dinosaurs, particularly ankylosaurians (e.g. Texasetes pleurohalio), an imperforate acetabulum is present, which is not an opening, but instead resembles a shallow concave depression on each side of the pelvic girdle.
The word acetabulum literally means "little vinegar cup". It was the Latin word for a small vessel for serving vinegar. The word was later also used as a unit of volume.
^ abField RE, Rajakulendran K (2011). "The labro-acetabular complex". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 94 (Suppl 2): 22–27. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.01710. PMID 21543684.
^Griffiths EJ, Khanduja V (2012). "Hip arthroscopy: evolution, current practice and future developments". Int Orthop. 36 (6): 1115–1121. doi:10.1007/s00264-011-1459-4. PMC3353094. PMID 22371112.
^Petersilge C (2005). "Imaging of the acetabular labrum". Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 13 (4): 641–52. doi:10.1016/j.mric.2005.08.015. PMID 16275573.
^Balakumar J. . jitbalakumar.com.au. Archived from the original on 2013-04-25. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^OrthoInfo (September 2010). "Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI)". orthoinfo.aaos.org. the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^Itokazu M, Takahashi K, Matsunaga T, Hayakawa D, Emura S, Isono H, Shoumura S (1997). "A study of the arterial supply of the human acetabulum using a corrosion casting method". Clin Anat. 10 (2): 77–81. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2353(1997)10:2<77::AID-CA1>3.0.CO;2-Q. PMID 9058012.
^Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pp. 299–300. ISBN1-4051-3413-5.
^Smith, Dave. . UC Berkeley. Archived from the original on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
^Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, A. M. R. (2013). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN978-1451119459.
^Ruiz Santiago, Fernando; Santiago Chinchilla, Alicia; Ansari, Afshin; Guzmán Álvarez, Luis; Castellano García, Maria del Mar; Martínez Martínez, Alberto; Tercedor Sánchez, Juan (2016). "Imaging of Hip Pain: From Radiography to Cross-Sectional Imaging Techniques". Radiology Research and Practice. 2016: 1–15. doi:10.1155/2016/6369237. ISSN 2090-1941. PMC4738697. PMID 26885391. (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
External linksedit
Look up acetabulum in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acetabulum.
acetabulum, this, article, about, human, anatomical, region, ancient, roman, vessel, unit, measure, unit, invertebrate, organ, morphology, acetabulum, acetable, acetabula, also, called, cotyloid, cavity, concave, surface, pelvis, head, femur, meets, with, pelv. This article is about the human anatomical region For the Ancient Roman vessel see Acetabulum cup For the unit of measure see Acetabulum unit For the invertebrate organ see Acetabulum morphology The acetabulum ˌ ae s ɪ ˈ t ae b j e l e m or acetable 1 pl acetabula also called the cotyloid cavity is a concave surface of the pelvis The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum forming the hip joint 2 3 Acetabulum of pelvisPelvic girdleA model of the acetabulum cotyloid cavity DetailsIdentifiersLatinacetabulumMeSHD000077TA98A02 5 01 002TA21308FMA16579Anatomical terms of bone edit on Wikidata Contents 1 Structure 1 1 Blood supply 1 2 Reptiles and birds 2 Development 3 History 4 Additional images 5 References 6 External linksStructure editThere are three bones of the os coxae hip bone that come together to form the acetabulum Contributing a little more than two fifths of the structure is the ischium which provides lower and side boundaries to the acetabulum The ilium forms the upper boundary providing a little less than two fifths of the structure of the acetabulum The rest is formed by the pubis near the midline It is bounded by a prominent uneven rim thick and strong on top which serves as the point of attachment for the acetabular labrum The acetabular labrum reduces the size of the opening of the acetabulum and deepens the surface of the hip joint At the lower part of the acetabulum is the acetabular notch which is continuous with a circular depression the acetabular fossa at the bottom of the cavity of the acetabulum The rest of the acetabulum is formed by a curved crescent moon shaped surface the lunate surface where the joint is made with the head of the femur Its counterpart in the pectoral girdle is the glenoid fossa 4 The acetabulum is also home to the acetabular fossa an attachment site for the ligamentum teres a triangular somewhat flattened band implanted by its apex into the antero superior part of the fovea capitis femoris The notch is converted into a foramen by the transverse acetabular ligament through the foramen nutrient vessels and nerves enter the joint This is what holds the head of the femur securely in the acetabulum 2 The well fitting surfaces of the femoral head and acetabulum which face each other are lined with a layer of slippery tissue called articular cartilage which is lubricated by a thin film of synovial fluid Friction inside a normal hip is less than one tenth that of ice gliding on ice 5 6 Blood supply edit The acetabular branch of the obturator artery supplies the acetabulum through the acetabular notch The pubic branches supply the pelvic surface of the acetabulum Deep branches of the superior gluteal artery supply the superior region and the inferior gluteal artery supplies the postero inferior region 7 Reptiles and birds edit nbsp An example of a perforated acetabulum on an ornithischian dinosaurIn reptiles and birds the acetabula are deep sockets Organisms in the dinosauria clade are defined by a perforate acetabulum which can be thought of as a hip socket The perforate acetabulum is a cup shaped opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the ischium ilium and pubis all meet and into which the head of the femur inserts 8 9 The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies In a relatively small number of dinosaurs particularly ankylosaurians e g Texasetes pleurohalio an imperforate acetabulum is present which is not an opening but instead resembles a shallow concave depression on each side of the pelvic girdle Development editIn infants and children a Y shaped epiphyseal plate called the triradiate cartilage joins the ilium ischium and pubis This cartilage ossifies as the child grows 10 History editThe word acetabulum literally means little vinegar cup It was the Latin word for a small vessel for serving vinegar The word was later also used as a unit of volume Additional images edit nbsp Right hip bone External surface nbsp Plan of ossification of the hip bone nbsp X ray of the acetabulum with measurements used in X ray of hip dysplasia in adults 11 nbsp Symphysis pubis exposed by a coronal section nbsp Left hip joint opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis nbsp Hip joint front view nbsp Capsule of hip joint distended Posterior aspect nbsp Structures surrounding right hip joint nbsp Acetabulum nbsp Hip joint Lateral view Acetabulum nbsp Hip joint Lateral view Acetabulum References edit nbsp This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 237 of the 20th edition of Gray s Anatomy 1918 acetabulum Dictionary com Unabridged Online n d a b Field RE Rajakulendran K 2011 The labro acetabular complex J Bone Joint Surg Am 94 Suppl 2 22 27 doi 10 2106 JBJS J 01710 PMID 21543684 Griffiths EJ Khanduja V 2012 Hip arthroscopy evolution current practice and future developments Int Orthop 36 6 1115 1121 doi 10 1007 s00264 011 1459 4 PMC 3353094 PMID 22371112 Petersilge C 2005 Imaging of the acetabular labrum Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 13 4 641 52 doi 10 1016 j mric 2005 08 015 PMID 16275573 Balakumar J Hip Dysplasia in the Child Adolescent and Adult jitbalakumar com au Archived from the original on 2013 04 25 Retrieved 2013 06 08 OrthoInfo September 2010 Femoroacetabular Impingement FAI orthoinfo aaos org the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Retrieved 2013 06 08 Itokazu M Takahashi K Matsunaga T Hayakawa D Emura S Isono H Shoumura S 1997 A study of the arterial supply of the human acetabulum using a corrosion casting method Clin Anat 10 2 77 81 doi 10 1002 SICI 1098 2353 1997 10 2 lt 77 AID CA1 gt 3 0 CO 2 Q PMID 9058012 Martin A J 2006 Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs Second Edition Oxford Blackwell Publishing pp 299 300 ISBN 1 4051 3413 5 Smith Dave Dinosauria Morphology UC Berkeley Archived from the original on 22 October 2012 Retrieved 21 January 2013 Moore Keith L Dalley Arthur F Agur A M R 2013 Clinically Oriented Anatomy Lippincott Williams amp Wilkins ISBN 978 1451119459 Ruiz Santiago Fernando Santiago Chinchilla Alicia Ansari Afshin Guzman Alvarez Luis Castellano Garcia Maria del Mar Martinez Martinez Alberto Tercedor Sanchez Juan 2016 Imaging of Hip Pain From Radiography to Cross Sectional Imaging Techniques Radiology Research and Practice 2016 1 15 doi 10 1155 2016 6369237 ISSN 2090 1941 PMC 4738697 PMID 26885391 Attribution 4 0 International CC BY 4 0 External links edit nbsp Look up acetabulum in Wiktionary the free dictionary nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acetabulum Portal nbsp Anatomy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acetabulum amp oldid 1201239105, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
