A columbarium (/ˌkɒləmˈbɛəri.əm/;[1] pl. columbaria), also called a cinerarium, is a structure for the reverential and usually public storage of funerary urns holding cremated remains of the dead. The term comes from the Latincolumba (dove) and originally solely referred to compartmentalized housing for doves and pigeons, also called dovecotes.
Roman columbaria were often built partly or completely underground.[2] The Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas is an ancient Roman example, rich in frescoes, decorations, and precious mosaics.[3]
Today's columbaria can be either free standing units, or part of a mausoleum or another building. Some manufacturers produce columbaria that are built entirely offsite and brought to a cemetery by large truck. Many modern crematoria have columbaria. Examples of these are the columbaria in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Golders Green Crematorium in London.
In other cases, columbaria are built into church structures. One example is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels (Los Angeles, California), which houses a number of columbarium niches in the mausoleum built into the lower levels of the Cathedral. The construction of columbaria within churches is particularly widespread in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church. An example can be seen at the Church of St Nicolas in Old Town Square (Prague). In the Roman Catholic Church, although traditional burial is still preferred, cremation is permitted provided that the cremated remains are entombed and that the cremation is not done for reasons contrary to the Catholic faith. As a result, they are within some Catholic cemeteries.
Columbaria are often closely similar in form to traditional pagodas which function as in-situ columbaria pavillions at Buddhist temples, which from ancient times have housed cremated ashes. In Buddhism, ashes may be placed in a columbarium (in Chinese, a naguta ("bone-receiving pagoda"); in Japanese, a nōkotsudō ("bone-receiving hall"), which can be either attached to or a part of a Buddhist temple or cemetery. This practice allows survivors to visit the temple and carry out traditional memorials and ancestor rites.
Galleryedit
Columbarium wall, with flowers, plaques, and empty niches
Columbarium cave in Hirbat Midras, archaeological sites of Israel
In the Beit Guvrin area several series of large caves dug into soft rock were found. There were several theories about their original use, for ritual burial, for growing pigeons to be used for ritual sacrifice, or for raising pigeons for fertilizer production. One such cave had been covered by an earthquake close to the time of its original usage and had no signs of secondary usage; neither ashes nor pigeon droppings were found in it.[4][5]
^"Definition of 'columbarium'". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved 8 February 2019.
^Toynbee, J M C (1971). Death and Burial in the Roman World. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 113–118. ISBN9780801405938.
^Ancient Roman underground columbariums included: Columbarium of Statilii, Columbarium of Volusii, Columbarium of Livia, Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas, Columbarium of Lucius Arruntius, Columbarium of Iunius Silanus, Columbarium of Nero Claudius Druscus, Columbarium of Marcella, Columbarium of Carvilii, Columbarium of C. Annius Pollio, Columbarium of Caecilii, Columbarium of Passienii, Columbarium of Bruttii, Columbarium of L. Caninius Gallus, Columbarium of L. Abucii, Columbarium of Q. Sallustii. Further reading in Pavia, Carlo. Guide to Underground Rome: From the Cloaca Maxima to the Domus Aurea: the Most Fascinating Underground Sites of the Capital. English translation by Darragh Henegan. Rome: Gangemi, 2000. ISBN88-7448-994-3
^. Israel National Parks. Archived from the original on 2016-10-18. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
^"The Land of 1000 Caves". israel21c.org. 2014-09-03.
External linksedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Columbaria.
columbarium, columbarium, ɛər, columbaria, also, called, cinerarium, structure, reverential, usually, public, storage, funerary, urns, holding, cremated, remains, dead, term, comes, from, latin, columba, dove, originally, solely, referred, compartmentalized, h. A columbarium ˌ k ɒ l em ˈ b ɛer i em 1 pl columbaria also called a cinerarium is a structure for the reverential and usually public storage of funerary urns holding cremated remains of the dead The term comes from the Latin columba dove and originally solely referred to compartmentalized housing for doves and pigeons also called dovecotes The San Francisco Columbarium Contents 1 Background 2 Gallery 3 Caves in Israel 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksBackground editRoman columbaria were often built partly or completely underground 2 The Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas is an ancient Roman example rich in frescoes decorations and precious mosaics 3 Today s columbaria can be either free standing units or part of a mausoleum or another building Some manufacturers produce columbaria that are built entirely offsite and brought to a cemetery by large truck Many modern crematoria have columbaria Examples of these are the columbaria in Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris and Golders Green Crematorium in London In other cases columbaria are built into church structures One example is the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels Los Angeles California which houses a number of columbarium niches in the mausoleum built into the lower levels of the Cathedral The construction of columbaria within churches is particularly widespread in the Czechoslovak Hussite Church An example can be seen at the Church of St Nicolas in Old Town Square Prague In the Roman Catholic Church although traditional burial is still preferred cremation is permitted provided that the cremated remains are entombed and that the cremation is not done for reasons contrary to the Catholic faith As a result they are within some Catholic cemeteries Columbaria are often closely similar in form to traditional pagodas which function as in situ columbaria pavillions at Buddhist temples which from ancient times have housed cremated ashes In Buddhism ashes may be placed in a columbarium in Chinese a naguta bone receiving pagoda in Japanese a nōkotsudō bone receiving hall which can be either attached to or a part of a Buddhist temple or cemetery This practice allows survivors to visit the temple and carry out traditional memorials and ancestor rites Gallery edit nbsp Columbarium wall with flowers plaques and empty niches nbsp Detail of the columbarium at Pere Lachaise Cemetery Paris nbsp A modern columbarium in a small town Ebingen Germany nbsp Interior of columbarium at Chapel of the Chimes in Oakland California Some of the cinerary urns are book shaped nbsp Columbarium at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia Each niche is covered with a marble plaque nbsp Columbarium and Funerary Chapel Episcopal Church of the Good Shepherd Rosemont Pennsylvania United States nbsp Etruscan columbarium at Cava Buia Blera Italy nbsp A traditional Japanese columbarium at the Takidani Fudōmyō ō Temple Osaka Japan nbsp A modern Chinese style columbarium at Nan Tien Temple in Wollongong AustraliaCaves in Israel edit nbsp Columbarium cave in Hirbat Midras archaeological sites of IsraelIn the Beit Guvrin area several series of large caves dug into soft rock were found There were several theories about their original use for ritual burial for growing pigeons to be used for ritual sacrifice or for raising pigeons for fertilizer production One such cave had been covered by an earthquake close to the time of its original usage and had no signs of secondary usage neither ashes nor pigeon droppings were found in it 4 5 See also editCatacomb Charnel house Crypt Grave Ossuary ReliquaryReferences edit Definition of columbarium Collins English Dictionary HarperCollins Publishers Retrieved 8 February 2019 Toynbee J M C 1971 Death and Burial in the Roman World Johns Hopkins University Press pp 113 118 ISBN 9780801405938 Ancient Roman underground columbariums included Columbarium of Statilii Columbarium of Volusii Columbarium of Livia Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas Columbarium of Lucius Arruntius Columbarium of Iunius Silanus Columbarium of Nero Claudius Druscus Columbarium of Marcella Columbarium of Carvilii Columbarium of C Annius Pollio Columbarium of Caecilii Columbarium of Passienii Columbarium of Bruttii Columbarium of L Caninius Gallus Columbarium of L Abucii Columbarium of Q Sallustii Further reading in Pavia Carlo Guide to Underground Rome From the Cloaca Maxima to the Domus Aurea the Most Fascinating Underground Sites of the Capital English translation by Darragh Henegan Rome Gangemi 2000 ISBN 88 7448 994 3 Bet Guvrin National Park Israel National Parks Archived from the original on 2016 10 18 Retrieved 2016 10 14 The Land of 1000 Caves israel21c org 2014 09 03 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Columbaria Photographs and commentary on ancient Roman columbaria Columbarium with inner ossuary Columbarium Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed 1911 Columbarium New International Encyclopedia 1905 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Columbarium amp oldid 1194797093, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
