Acartia tonsa is a species of calanoid copepod that can be found in a large portion of the world's estuaries and areas of upwelling where food concentrations are high.[2][3]
Like many plankton common to estuarine ecosystems, they can live in a wide range of temperatures and salinities.[2] The wide distribution of Acartia tonsa may be a result of these copepods being transported as ballast in ships. Their tolerance to changes in salinity has likely contributed to their success as an invasive species in some regions.[4]
Characteristicsedit
Acartia tonsa is translucent,[5] and is usually between about .8 and 1.5 millimetres (0.031 and 0.059 in) in length in females, and from about .8 to 1.3 millimetres (0.031 to 0.051 in) in males.[6] It "[c]an be differentiated from closely related species by their long first antennae (at least half the length of their bodies) and biramous (branched) second antennae, as well as the presence of a joint between their fifth and sixth body segments".[5]
Ecology and behavioredit
In estuaries and coastal waters which are warm throughout the year, A. tonsa is found year-round. In cooler climates including the North Atlantic, it is frequently the dominant zooplankton in the spring and summer. Acartia tonsa produces eggs in the winter in colder geographic regions. The eggs hatch when temperatures exceed 15 °C (59 °F).[7][8]
They are an important food source for many commercial fish species.[8] Several studies indicate they aggregate near the ocean floor during the day and rise closer to the surface at night. This behavior likely helps A. tonsa avoid predators who rely on vision to locate and capture prey.[9]
Feedingedit
A. tonsanauplii and adults feed on phytoplankton as well as planktonic ciliates and rotifers.[10] It acts as a suspension feeder when feeding on phytoplankton. When feeding on motile prey it acts as an ambush feeder; it stays nearly motionless in the water, detects movement of its prey, and then jumps toward the prey. Moderate amounts of turbulence improve rates of ambush feedings.[11]
^ abChen, G.; Hare, M. P. (2008). "Cryptic ecological diversification of a planktonic estuarine copepod, Acartia tonsa". Molecular Ecology. 17 (6): 1451–1468. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03657.x.
^Paffenhöfer G.-A.; Stearns D. E. (1988). "Why is Acartia tonsa (Copepoda: Calanoida) restricted to nearshore environments?". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 42: 33–38. doi:10.3354/meps042033.
^Svetlichny, Leonid; Hubareva, Elena (2014). "Salinity tolerance of alien copepods Acartia tonsa and Oithona davisae in the Black Sea". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 461: 201–208. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.08.012.
^ abGonzalez, G. (2013). "Acartia tonsa". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
^Razouls C.; de Bovée F.; Kouwenberg J.; Desreumaux N. (2018). "Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods". Sorbonne Université, CNRS. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
^Sabatini, Marina E. (1990). "The developmental stages (copepodids I to VI) of Acartia tonsa Dana, 1849 (Copepoda, Calanoida)". Crustaceana. 59 (1): 53–61. doi:10.1163/156854090X00282. JSTOR 20104568.
^ abSullivan, Barbara K.; Costello, John H.; Van Keuren, D. (2007). "Seasonality of the copepods Acartia hudsonica and Acartia tonsa in Narragansett Bay, RI, USA during a period of climate change". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 73 (1–2): 259–267. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.018.
^Fulton, Rolland S. (1984). "Distribution and community structure of estuarine copepods". Estuaries. 7 (1): 38–50. doi:10.2307/1351955. JSTOR 1351955.
^Swadling, Kerrie M.; Marcus, Nancy H. (1994). "Selectivity in the natural diets of Acartia tonsa Dana (Copepoda: Calanoida): comparison of juveniles and adults". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 181 (1): 91–103. doi:10.1016/0022-0981(94)90106-6.
^Mann, K. H.; Lazier, J. R. N. (2006). Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans. Blackwell Scientific Publications. ISBN978-1-4051-1118-8.
External linksedit
Media related to Acartia tonsa at Wikimedia Commons
January 01, 1970
acartia, tonsa, species, marine, copepod, family, acartiidae, scientific, classification, domain, eukaryota, kingdom, animalia, phylum, arthropoda, class, copepoda, order, calanoida, family, acartiidae, genus, acartia, species, tonsa, binomial, name, dana, 184. Acartia tonsa is a species of marine copepod in the family Acartiidae 1 Acartia tonsa Scientific classification Domain Eukaryota Kingdom Animalia Phylum Arthropoda Class Copepoda Order Calanoida Family Acartiidae Genus Acartia Species A tonsa Binomial name Acartia tonsaDana 1849 Synonyms Acartia giesbrechti Dahl F 1894 Acartia gracilis Herrick 1887 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Characteristics 3 Ecology and behavior 3 1 Feeding 4 References 5 External linksDistribution editAcartia tonsa is a species of calanoid copepod that can be found in a large portion of the world s estuaries and areas of upwelling where food concentrations are high 2 3 Like many plankton common to estuarine ecosystems they can live in a wide range of temperatures and salinities 2 The wide distribution of Acartia tonsa may be a result of these copepods being transported as ballast in ships Their tolerance to changes in salinity has likely contributed to their success as an invasive species in some regions 4 Characteristics editAcartia tonsa is translucent 5 and is usually between about 8 and 1 5 millimetres 0 031 and 0 059 in in length in females and from about 8 to 1 3 millimetres 0 031 to 0 051 in in males 6 It c an be differentiated from closely related species by their long first antennae at least half the length of their bodies and biramous branched second antennae as well as the presence of a joint between their fifth and sixth body segments 5 Ecology and behavior editIn estuaries and coastal waters which are warm throughout the year A tonsa is found year round In cooler climates including the North Atlantic it is frequently the dominant zooplankton in the spring and summer Acartia tonsa produces eggs in the winter in colder geographic regions The eggs hatch when temperatures exceed 15 C 59 F 7 8 They are an important food source for many commercial fish species 8 Several studies indicate they aggregate near the ocean floor during the day and rise closer to the surface at night This behavior likely helps A tonsa avoid predators who rely on vision to locate and capture prey 9 Feeding edit A tonsa nauplii and adults feed on phytoplankton as well as planktonic ciliates and rotifers 10 It acts as a suspension feeder when feeding on phytoplankton When feeding on motile prey it acts as an ambush feeder it stays nearly motionless in the water detects movement of its prey and then jumps toward the prey Moderate amounts of turbulence improve rates of ambush feedings 11 References edit Acartia tonsa Dana 1849 Integrated Taxonomic Information System Retrieved October 6 2015 a b Chen G Hare M P 2008 Cryptic ecological diversification of a planktonic estuarine copepod Acartia tonsa Molecular Ecology 17 6 1451 1468 doi 10 1111 j 1365 294X 2007 03657 x Paffenhofer G A Stearns D E 1988 Why is Acartia tonsa Copepoda Calanoida restricted to nearshore environments Marine Ecology Progress Series 42 33 38 doi 10 3354 meps042033 Svetlichny Leonid Hubareva Elena 2014 Salinity tolerance of alien copepods Acartia tonsa and Oithona davisae in the Black Sea Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 461 201 208 doi 10 1016 j jembe 2014 08 012 a b Gonzalez G 2013 Acartia tonsa Animal Diversity Web Retrieved October 10 2015 Razouls C de Bovee F Kouwenberg J Desreumaux N 2018 Diversity and Geographic Distribution of Marine Planktonic Copepods Sorbonne Universite CNRS Retrieved 27 July 2018 Sabatini Marina E 1990 The developmental stages copepodids I to VI of Acartia tonsa Dana 1849 Copepoda Calanoida Crustaceana 59 1 53 61 doi 10 1163 156854090X00282 JSTOR 20104568 a b Sullivan Barbara K Costello John H Van Keuren D 2007 Seasonality of the copepods Acartia hudsonica and Acartia tonsa in Narragansett Bay RI USA during a period of climate change Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 73 1 2 259 267 doi 10 1016 j ecss 2007 01 018 Fulton Rolland S 1984 Distribution and community structure of estuarine copepods Estuaries 7 1 38 50 doi 10 2307 1351955 JSTOR 1351955 Swadling Kerrie M Marcus Nancy H 1994 Selectivity in the natural diets of Acartia tonsa Dana Copepoda Calanoida comparison of juveniles and adults Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 181 1 91 103 doi 10 1016 0022 0981 94 90106 6 Mann K H Lazier J R N 2006 Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems Biological Physical Interactions in the Oceans Blackwell Scientific Publications ISBN 978 1 4051 1118 8 External links edit nbsp Media related to Acartia tonsa at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Acartia tonsa amp oldid 1184086206, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
