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The High Academy of the Quechua Language (Spanish: Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua; Quechua: Qhichwa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur) or AMLQ is a Peruvian organization dedicated to the research, promotion, and dissemination of the Quechua language.
High Academy of the Quechua Language
Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua Qhichwa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur
In 1954 Faustino Espinoza Navarro[es], working with other Quechua-speaking artists, founded the Academia de la Lengua Quechua (Academy of the Quechua Language). The Academy argued that Qhapaq Simi, translated as Cusco Quechua, "Imperial Quechua," or "Inka Quechua,"[1] was the purest form of Quechua and should be taught in Quechua language schools; they rejected the Runa Simi that was spoken in everyday life. On December 10, 1958, the government of Manuel Prado Ugarteche officially recognized the organization, under the name Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua (Peruvian Academy of the Quechua Language).[2]
On May 27, 1975, the government of Juan Velasco Alvarado made Quechua an official language of Peru.[3] The law establishing its official status prescribed the five-vowel system; in 1983, professional Quechua and Aymara experts from all over Peru decided to implement an orthography with just three vowels: a, i, and u. This decision was controversial, with factions of linguists both supporting it and opposing it.[4] The Academy did not approve of the shift, and continues to use the five-vowel system.[5]
In 1990, Law Number 25260 established a Quechua language academy in Cusco.[6] Although the law did not mention the name "High Academy of the Quecha Language," the law marked the beginning of the AMLQ's transition to its modern form, culminating in the creation of its guiding statutes in 2009.[7][8]
InstitutionEdit
The Higher Academy was created on June 8, 1990, by {Law Number 252620}, which establishes there should be a Quechua language academy in Cusco, without referring exclusively to the AMLQ. On the other hand, the commission to establish the statutes was not created until 2009, although it had been recognized as a decentralized organization in 2007.
The mission of the institution is to ensure the purity of the Quechua language, to stimulate development of literature in this language and the linguistic study.
The Higher Academy of the Quechua Language follows utilizing the Peruvian Quechua version of the alphabet from 1976 with five vowels. Because of this, it writes Qosqo and not Qusqu for "Cusco." According to the AMLQ, Presidential Resolution No. 001 from the 12th of October in 1990 "ratifies the Basic Imperial Quechua Alphabet of 1975 composed of 31 graphemes: five vowels and 26 consonants from Qosqo Puno."
David Samanez Florez from the AMLQ to this day tries to demonstrate the cusqueño origins of the Quechua language even though, according to investigations by Parker (1963) and Torero (1964), the Quechua languages originated in the Central Sierra of Peru.[citation needed]
Quechua World CongressesEdit
The Third World Congress of Quechua, Yuyayyaku Wawakuna, was held in Salta in October 2004.At the convention, decisions included tasks of the Academy and its affiliates, such as putting in pace the original phonetics and phonology of Quechua phytonyms, zoonyms, anthroponyms and toponyms, coordinating with political and tourist authorities; recommending that its affiliates share publications related to the language, so that the institution can archive all works as part of its heritage and recommend that the Academy should have an organizational characteristic of Andean culture. The institution sought to avoid using models of foreign academies and instead wanted to create their own organizational model[9]
In November 2020, the Fourth World Congress of Quechua, called "Pachakutip K'anchaynin" ("New times of prosperity and change are shining on us") was held in Cochabamba, Bolivia.[citation needed]
In 2006, a group of people linked to the institution vandalized a Wikipedia page about Southern Quechua, insulting its editors and defacing its title page.[citation needed]
In 2010, four workers of the institution began a hunger strike, claiming the statutes were outdated and the budget was too low. While the budget was initially granted, the Ministry of Education never followed through due to the AMLQ's own issues within self-regulation.[11]
According to Godenzzi, the intent of the academy is to create a "norm" among the languages. According to Tim Marr, the extensive setbacks overtime have been result of Andean fascism. [12]
ReferencesEdit
^Lovon, Armando Venezuela (2002). Las Maravillas del Quechua Inka. Cusco.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Carrasco Quispe, Guido (2013-05-17). "El trivocalismo quechua y los falsos temores de los pentavocalistas" [Quecha trivocalism and the false fears of pentavocalists]. CiberAndes Magazín. from the original on 2018-05-07. Retrieved 2021-01-26.
^Kandell, Jonathan (May 22, 1975). "Peru officially adopting Indian tongue". timesmachine.nytimes.com. from the original on 2020-03-27. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
^Hornberger, Nancy H.; King, Kendall A. (September 1998). "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning". Language, Culture and Curriculum. 11 (3): 390–410. doi:10.1080/07908319808666564. ISSN 0790-8318. S2CID 143488224.
^Coronel-Molina, Serafin M. (1996): Corpus Planning for the Southern Peruvian Quechua Language . Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 12 (2), pp. 1-27.
^"Justia Perú :: Federales > Leyes > 25260 :: Ley de Perú". peru.justia.com (in Spanish). from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
^Manley, Marilyn S. (2008-10-16). "Quechua language attitudes and maintenance in Cuzco, Peru". Language Policy. 7 (4): 323–344. doi:10.1007/s10993-008-9113-8. ISSN 1568-4555. S2CID 143604723.
^ [Government Appoints Commission to Form High Academy of the Quechua Language] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2020-07-28. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
^"Poder Legislativo" (PDF). (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-10.
^Coronel-Molina, Serafín M (December 2008). "Language Ideologies of the High Academy of the Quechua Language in Cuzco, Peru". Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies. 3 (3): 319–340. doi:10.1080/17442220802462477. S2CID 144920896.
^Tamayo Vargas, Augusto (1987-06-30). "El Centenario de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua en el dia del idioma (Sesión Pública del 23 de abril de 1987) Palabras del Director de la Academia, Don Augusto Tamayo Vargas". Boletín de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua: 9–11. doi:10.46744/bapl.198701.001. ISSN 2708-2644.
^Godenzzi, Juan Carlos (1992). El recurso lingüístico del poder: coartadas ideológicas del castellano y el quechua. Cusco: CERA Bartolomé de las Casas.
A critical analysis by a sociolinguist of the motivation behind the AMLQ's positions, and whether they are helpful to Quechua, or counterproductive.
Another linguist's experiences, both positive and negative, of working with the AMLQ.
The Politics of Quechua: student research in Cusco, Peru
Traslate-quechua online Translate online quechua to/from English, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Arabian etc.
PublicacionsEdit
AMLQ (Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua) y Municipalidad del Qosqo (1995): Diccionario Quechua-Español-Quechua/Qheswa-Español-Qheswa Simi Taqe. Cusco. .
October 20, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish May 2020 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 121 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The High Academy of the Quechua Language Spanish Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua Quechua Qhichwa Simi Hamut ana Kuraq Suntur or AMLQ is a Peruvian organization dedicated to the research promotion and dissemination of the Quechua language High Academy of the Quechua LanguageAcademia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua Qhichwa Simi Hamut ana Kuraq SunturAbbreviationAMLQLocationCuscoFormerly calledPeruvian Academy of the Quechua Language Contents 1 History 2 Institution 3 Quechua World Congresses 4 Criticism 5 References 6 External links 7 PublicacionsHistory EditIn 1954 Faustino Espinoza Navarro es working with other Quechua speaking artists founded the Academia de la Lengua Quechua Academy of the Quechua Language The Academy argued that Qhapaq Simi translated as Cusco Quechua Imperial Quechua or Inka Quechua 1 was the purest form of Quechua and should be taught in Quechua language schools they rejected the Runa Simi that was spoken in everyday life On December 10 1958 the government of Manuel Prado Ugarteche officially recognized the organization under the name Academia Peruana de la Lengua Quechua Peruvian Academy of the Quechua Language 2 On May 27 1975 the government of Juan Velasco Alvarado made Quechua an official language of Peru 3 The law establishing its official status prescribed the five vowel system in 1983 professional Quechua and Aymara experts from all over Peru decided to implement an orthography with just three vowels a i and u This decision was controversial with factions of linguists both supporting it and opposing it 4 The Academy did not approve of the shift and continues to use the five vowel system 5 In 1990 Law Number 25260 established a Quechua language academy in Cusco 6 Although the law did not mention the name High Academy of the Quecha Language the law marked the beginning of the AMLQ s transition to its modern form culminating in the creation of its guiding statutes in 2009 7 8 Institution EditThe Higher Academy was created on June 8 1990 by Law Number 252620 which establishes there should be a Quechua language academy in Cusco without referring exclusively to the AMLQ On the other hand the commission to establish the statutes was not created until 2009 although it had been recognized as a decentralized organization in 2007 The mission of the institution is to ensure the purity of the Quechua language to stimulate development of literature in this language and the linguistic study The Higher Academy of the Quechua Language follows utilizing the Peruvian Quechua version of the alphabet from 1976 with five vowels Because of this it writes Qosqo and not Qusqu for Cusco According to the AMLQ Presidential Resolution No 001 from the 12th of October in 1990 ratifies the Basic Imperial Quechua Alphabet of 1975 composed of 31 graphemes five vowels and 26 consonants from Qosqo Puno David Samanez Florez from the AMLQ to this day tries to demonstrate the cusqueno origins of the Quechua language even though according to investigations by Parker 1963 and Torero 1964 the Quechua languages originated in the Central Sierra of Peru citation needed Quechua World Congresses EditThe Third World Congress of Quechua Yuyayyaku Wawakuna was held in Salta in October 2004 At the convention decisions included tasks of the Academy and its affiliates such as putting in pace the original phonetics and phonology of Quechua phytonyms zoonyms anthroponyms and toponyms coordinating with political and tourist authorities recommending that its affiliates share publications related to the language so that the institution can archive all works as part of its heritage and recommend that the Academy should have an organizational characteristic of Andean culture The institution sought to avoid using models of foreign academies and instead wanted to create their own organizational model 9 In November 2020 the Fourth World Congress of Quechua called Pachakutip K anchaynin New times of prosperity and change are shining on us was held in Cochabamba Bolivia citation needed Criticism EditThe AMLQ is often criticized for its tendency towards linguistic purism 10 In 2006 a group of people linked to the institution vandalized a Wikipedia page about Southern Quechua insulting its editors and defacing its title page citation needed In 2010 four workers of the institution began a hunger strike claiming the statutes were outdated and the budget was too low While the budget was initially granted the Ministry of Education never followed through due to the AMLQ s own issues within self regulation 11 According to Godenzzi the intent of the academy is to create a norm among the languages According to Tim Marr the extensive setbacks overtime have been result of Andean fascism 12 References Edit Lovon Armando Venezuela 2002 Las Maravillas del Quechua Inka Cusco a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link Carrasco Quispe Guido 2013 05 17 El trivocalismo quechua y los falsos temores de los pentavocalistas Quecha trivocalism and the false fears of pentavocalists CiberAndes Magazin Archived from the original on 2018 05 07 Retrieved 2021 01 26 Kandell Jonathan May 22 1975 Peru officially adopting Indian tongue timesmachine nytimes com Archived from the original on 2020 03 27 Retrieved 2021 01 25 Hornberger Nancy H King Kendall A September 1998 Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning Language Culture and Curriculum 11 3 390 410 doi 10 1080 07908319808666564 ISSN 0790 8318 S2CID 143488224 Coronel Molina Serafin M 1996 Corpus Planning for the Southern Peruvian Quechua Language Working Papers in Educational Linguistics 12 2 pp 1 27 Justia Peru Federales gt Leyes gt 25260 Ley de Peru peru justia com in Spanish Archived from the original on 2013 04 11 Retrieved 2021 01 25 Manley Marilyn S 2008 10 16 Quechua language attitudes and maintenance in Cuzco Peru Language Policy 7 4 323 344 doi 10 1007 s10993 008 9113 8 ISSN 1568 4555 S2CID 143604723 Designan comision de implantacion de la Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua Government Appoints Commission to Form High Academy of the Quechua Language in Spanish Archived from the original on 2020 07 28 Retrieved 2021 01 25 Poder Legislativo PDF Archived PDF from the original on 2021 11 10 Coronel Molina Serafin M December 2008 Language Ideologies of the High Academy of the Quechua Language in Cuzco Peru Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 3 3 319 340 doi 10 1080 17442220802462477 S2CID 144920896 Tamayo Vargas Augusto 1987 06 30 El Centenario de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua en el dia del idioma Sesion Publica del 23 de abril de 1987 Palabras del Director de la Academia Don Augusto Tamayo Vargas Boletin de la Academia Peruana de la Lengua 9 11 doi 10 46744 bapl 198701 001 ISSN 2708 2644 Godenzzi Juan Carlos 1992 El recurso linguistico del poder coartadas ideologicas del castellano y el quechua Cusco CERA Bartolome de las Casas External links EditAcademia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua on Facebook A critical analysis by a sociolinguist of the motivation behind the AMLQ s positions and whether they are helpful to Quechua or counterproductive Another linguist s experiences both positive and negative of working with the AMLQ The Politics of Quechua student research in Cusco Peru Traslate quechua online Translate online quechua to from English Spanish Italian Chinese Arabian etc Publicacions EditAMLQ Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua y Municipalidad del Qosqo 1995 Diccionario Quechua Espanol Quechua Qheswa Espanol Qheswa Simi Taqe Cusco Online version pdf 7 68 MB Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua amp oldid 1175998296, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
