The following are academic ranks in the Finnish higher education system. There are a specific number of posts, which can be applied to when they are vacated or established.
Finland's system is similar to the traditional German system in that there is a limited number of posts for professors (professori), who head research groups, and take part in administration in addition to lecturing and thesis supervision. Fulfillment of a professor's post often requires that the previous professor has retired. Traditionally, there was no assistant / associate / full professor career track, nor an official "tenure track". The title of apulaisprofessori ("assistant professor") was retired in 1998, but reintroduced in 2010.
Qualifications for a professor's position are a doctoral degree and an extensive independent publication and teaching record. It is typical, but not mandaratory, for the newly recruited professors to hold the title of docent.
Honoraryedit
In Finland, Professori can, in addition to denoting an academic rank, also be an honorary title, awarded usually to heads of certain research organisations as well as to particularly distinguished creative professionals by the President upon recommendation of the Title Board of the Prime Minister's Office.[1][2]
Teachers and researchersedit
Tenure track positions ranking below the rank of full professor are called associate professor and assistant professor, for which various translations are in use. Non-tenure track positions ranking below the (full) professor are "yliopistonlehtori" (senior lecturer; literally "university lecturer"), or "yliopistotutkija" (senior researcher; literally "university researcher"), which are roughly equivalent to a senior lecturership/readership in the UK or an associate professorship in the US. The honorary title of dosentti, also called dosentuuri (Title of Docent) is similar in required qualifications, but the related form of employment is often task-based (e.g., teaching a specific course, supervising a specific student) rather than full-time employment. When it does include full-term employment, it has fewer or no administrative responsibilities and may be combined with work at a company or another university. The alternative translation for docent is "associate professor"[3] or "adjunct professor".[4]
Mid-level educators and researchers are called by lehtori (lecturer), tutkijatohtori (postdoctoral researcher), and opettava tutkija (teaching researcher).[5] However, due to the poor opportunities to advance career-wise (e.g. to obtain a tenured or tenure-track position as senior lecturer/researcher, or assistant/associate/full professor), researchers might be stuck with positions such as tutkijatohtori for quite some time, even if they have already acquired the honorary Title of Docent.
Junior educators and researchers are called by terms such as assistentti (literally "assistant" and is typically a position designed for PhD students), tohtorikoulutettava (doctoral trainee), jatko-opiskelija (doctoral student), projektitutkija (project researcher), väitöskirjatutkija (PhD researcher), or yliopisto-opettaja (literally "university teacher").
Researchers and professors funded by the Academy of Finland are generally styled accordingly, "akatemiatutkija" and "akatemiaprofessori" (academy researcher and academy professor, respectively).
Academic Positionsedit
Professors and tenure trackedit
Professori (Professor) is the highest non-administrative position and the third position of the tenure track. Generally, professors have a permanent work contract.
Associate professor, translated as apulaisprofessori, tenure track -professori or professori (associate) is a mid-level tenure track position between the full professor and the assistant professor. The position can be either a fixed-term or a permanent position. Typically, a doctoral degree and a qualification as a Docent is expected.
Assistant professor, translated as nuorempi apulaisprofessori, apulaisprofessori, tenure track -tutkija or professori (assistant) is the entry-level tenure track position for which a doctoral degree is required.
Research trackedit
Yliopistotutkija (Senior Research Fellow), a position for a senior researcher. Typically, post-doctoral experience and/or a qualification as a Docent is expected.
Tutkijatohtori (Post-Doctoral Researcher), a position for a junior post-doctoral researcher.
Tohtorikoulutettava or väitöskirjatutkija (Doctoral student), tutkija (Research Associate, Research Scientist) and projektitutkija (Project Researcher) are positions intended for doctoral students
Tutkimusavustaja or tutkimusapulainen (Research Assistant) is a Bachelor's or Master's student position.
Teaching trackedit
Vanhempi yliopistonlehtori (Senior University Lecturer), a senior faculty position indicating experience, expertise and excellent teaching merits. Research and teaching, PhD required.
Yliopistonlehtori (University Lecturer), tenured faculty position involving both research and teaching. Usually PhD degree required.
Lehtori (Lecturer) used only at some universities; a mid-level title between a university teacher and university lecturer. Being phased out.
Yliopisto-opettaja or yliopistonopettaja (University Teacher), a junior teaching-oriented faculty position.
Tutkijaopettaja or opettava tutkija (Senior Instructor), a non-tenured senior position involving both research and teaching. Being phased out.
Administrative positionsedit
Rehtori (Rector) or kansleri (Chancellor) is the highest official of a university.
Dekaani (Dean) leads a faculty.
Yksikönjohtaja (Head of Unit) leads a laboratory or a unit. This position is typically held by a professor.
Laboratorioinsinööri (Laboratory Engineer), a formally administrative position, the holders of which often conduct research and teach, however.
Laboratorioteknikko (Laboratory Technician), a junior administrative position similar to Laboratory Engineer
Obsolete positionsedit
Yliassistentti (Senior Assistant), post-doctoral researcher or senior doctoral student position.
Assistentti (Assistant), a teaching-oriented position intended for doctoral students.
Related titlesedit
Dosentti (Title of Docent) is a title equivalent to that of an associate professor and bestows the right to teach (Latin: venia legendi) and supervise doctoral students independently. The title also gives the right to act as a principal investigator. Similarly to German Privatdozent and Swedish docent, receiving the title requires academic merits significantly exceeding a doctoral degree. The Docents' Association of the University of Helsinki recommends use of associate professor for docents in Finland but this can be confusing as associate professor is also a tenure track title in some Finnish universities. From 1994 to 2009, the designation docent also referred to a position, which sometimes caused confusion.
Typical organisational hierarchyedit
Kansleri (Chancellor), only in the Universities of Helsinki and Åbo Akademi.
Rehtori (Rector)
Vararehtori (Vice Rector)
Dekaani (Dean)
Laitoksen johtaja or osastonjohtaja (Head of Department)
Professori (Professor)
Referencesedit
^"Honorary titles". Prime Minister's Office (Valtioneuvoston Kanslia). Retrieved 31 December 2020.
^"Tasavallan presidentin asetus arvonimistä (381/2000)". FinLex.fi. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
^"Suositukset ja lausunnot". Suomen dosenttiliitto. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Academic ranks in Finland news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2021 Learn how and when to remove this message The following are academic ranks in the Finnish higher education system There are a specific number of posts which can be applied to when they are vacated or established Contents 1 Professors 1 1 Honorary 2 Teachers and researchers 3 Academic Positions 3 1 Professors and tenure track 3 2 Research track 3 3 Teaching track 3 4 Administrative positions 3 5 Obsolete positions 3 6 Related titles 4 Typical organisational hierarchy 5 ReferencesProfessors editFinland s system is similar to the traditional German system in that there is a limited number of posts for professors professori who head research groups and take part in administration in addition to lecturing and thesis supervision Fulfillment of a professor s post often requires that the previous professor has retired Traditionally there was no assistant associate full professor career track nor an official tenure track The title of apulaisprofessori assistant professor was retired in 1998 but reintroduced in 2010 Qualifications for a professor s position are a doctoral degree and an extensive independent publication and teaching record It is typical but not mandaratory for the newly recruited professors to hold the title of docent Honorary edit In Finland Professori can in addition to denoting an academic rank also be an honorary title awarded usually to heads of certain research organisations as well as to particularly distinguished creative professionals by the President upon recommendation of the Title Board of the Prime Minister s Office 1 2 Teachers and researchers editTenure track positions ranking below the rank of full professor are called associate professor and assistant professor for which various translations are in use Non tenure track positions ranking below the full professor are yliopistonlehtori senior lecturer literally university lecturer or yliopistotutkija senior researcher literally university researcher which are roughly equivalent to a senior lecturership readership in the UK or an associate professorship in the US The honorary title of dosentti also called dosentuuri Title of Docent is similar in required qualifications but the related form of employment is often task based e g teaching a specific course supervising a specific student rather than full time employment When it does include full term employment it has fewer or no administrative responsibilities and may be combined with work at a company or another university The alternative translation for docent is associate professor 3 or adjunct professor 4 Mid level educators and researchers are called by lehtori lecturer tutkijatohtori postdoctoral researcher and opettava tutkija teaching researcher 5 However due to the poor opportunities to advance career wise e g to obtain a tenured or tenure track position as senior lecturer researcher or assistant associate full professor researchers might be stuck with positions such as tutkijatohtori for quite some time even if they have already acquired the honorary Title of Docent Junior educators and researchers are called by terms such as assistentti literally assistant and is typically a position designed for PhD students tohtorikoulutettava doctoral trainee jatko opiskelija doctoral student projektitutkija project researcher vaitoskirjatutkija PhD researcher or yliopisto opettaja literally university teacher Researchers and professors funded by the Academy of Finland are generally styled accordingly akatemiatutkija and akatemiaprofessori academy researcher and academy professor respectively Academic Positions editProfessors and tenure track edit Professori Professor is the highest non administrative position and the third position of the tenure track Generally professors have a permanent work contract Associate professor translated as apulaisprofessori tenure track professori or professori associate is a mid level tenure track position between the full professor and the assistant professor The position can be either a fixed term or a permanent position Typically a doctoral degree and a qualification as a Docent is expected Assistant professor translated as nuorempi apulaisprofessori apulaisprofessori tenure track tutkija or professori assistant is the entry level tenure track position for which a doctoral degree is required Research track edit Yliopistotutkija Senior Research Fellow a position for a senior researcher Typically post doctoral experience and or a qualification as a Docent is expected Tutkijatohtori Post Doctoral Researcher a position for a junior post doctoral researcher Tohtorikoulutettava or vaitoskirjatutkija Doctoral student tutkija Research Associate Research Scientist and projektitutkija Project Researcher are positions intended for doctoral students Tutkimusavustaja or tutkimusapulainen Research Assistant is a Bachelor s or Master s student position Teaching track edit Vanhempi yliopistonlehtori Senior University Lecturer a senior faculty position indicating experience expertise and excellent teaching merits Research and teaching PhD required Yliopistonlehtori University Lecturer tenured faculty position involving both research and teaching Usually PhD degree required Lehtori Lecturer used only at some universities a mid level title between a university teacher and university lecturer Being phased out Yliopisto opettaja or yliopistonopettaja University Teacher a junior teaching oriented faculty position Tutkijaopettaja or opettava tutkija Senior Instructor a non tenured senior position involving both research and teaching Being phased out Administrative positions edit Rehtori Rector or kansleri Chancellor is the highest official of a university Dekaani Dean leads a faculty Yksikonjohtaja Head of Unit leads a laboratory or a unit This position is typically held by a professor Laboratorioinsinoori Laboratory Engineer a formally administrative position the holders of which often conduct research and teach however Laboratorioteknikko Laboratory Technician a junior administrative position similar to Laboratory Engineer Obsolete positions edit Yliassistentti Senior Assistant post doctoral researcher or senior doctoral student position Assistentti Assistant a teaching oriented position intended for doctoral students Related titles edit Dosentti Title of Docent is a title equivalent to that of an associate professor and bestows the right to teach Latin venia legendi and supervise doctoral students independently The title also gives the right to act as a principal investigator Similarly to German Privatdozent and Swedish docent receiving the title requires academic merits significantly exceeding a doctoral degree The Docents Association of the University of Helsinki recommends use of associate professor for docents in Finland but this can be confusing as associate professor is also a tenure track title in some Finnish universities From 1994 to 2009 the designation docent also referred to a position which sometimes caused confusion Typical organisational hierarchy editKansleri Chancellor only in the Universities of Helsinki and Abo Akademi Rehtori Rector Vararehtori Vice Rector Dekaani Dean Laitoksen johtaja or osastonjohtaja Head of Department Professori Professor References edit Honorary titles Prime Minister s Office Valtioneuvoston Kanslia Retrieved 31 December 2020 Tasavallan presidentin asetus arvonimista 381 2000 FinLex fi Retrieved 31 December 2020 Suositukset ja lausunnot Suomen dosenttiliitto Retrieved 2022 08 13 Finland Academic Career Structure Helsinki University job title glossary Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Academic ranks in Finland amp oldid 1158955506, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
