Ismāʿīl b. ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar b. Shāhanshāh b. Ayyūb b. Shādī b. Marwān[1] (Arabic: إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان), better known as Abū al-Fidāʾ or Abulfeda (Arabic: أبو الفداء; November 1273 – 27 October 1331),[2] was a Mamluk-era Kurdish geographer, historian, Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama.[3]
In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Qur'an and the sciences, but from his twelfth year onward, he was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions, chiefly against the Crusaders.[6]
In 1285 he was present at the attack on a stronghold of the Knights of St. John, and took part in the sieges of Tripoli, Acre and Qal'at ar-Rum. In 1298 he entered the service of the MamluksultanMalik al-Nasir and after twelve years was invested by him with the governorship of Hama. In 1312 he became prince with the title Malik us-Salhn, and in 1320 received the hereditary rank of sultan with the title Malik ul-Mu'ayyad.[6]
Taqwim al-Buldan ("A Sketch of the Countries") is, like much of the history, founded on the works of his predecessors, including the works of Ptolemy and Muhammad al-Idrisi. A long introduction on various geographical matters is followed by twenty-eight sections dealing in tabular form with the chief towns of the world. After each name are given the longitude, latitude, climate, spelling, and then observations generally taken from earlier authors. Parts of the work were published and translated as early as 1650 in Europe.[6] In his works Abu'l-Fida correctly mentions the latitude and longitude of the city of Quanzhou in China.[7]
The book also contains the first known explanation of the circumnavigator's paradox. Abu'l-Fida wrote that a person who completed a westward circumnavigation of the world would count one fewer day than a stationary observer, since he was traveling in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun in the sky. A person traveling eastward would count one more day than a stationary observer.[8] This phenomenon was confirmed two centuries later, when the Magellan–Elcano expedition (1519–1522) completed the first circumnavigation. After sailing westward around the world from Spain, the expedition called at Cape Verde for supplies on Wednesday, 9 July 1522 (ship's time). However, the locals told them that it was actually Thursday, 10 July 1522.[9]
HistoryEdit
His Concise History of Humanity (Arabic: المختصر في أخبار البشرTarikh al-Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al-Bashar, also An Abridgment of the History at the Human Race, or History of Abu al-Fidaتاريخ أبى الفداء) was written between 1315 and 1329 as a continuation of The Complete History by Ali ibn al-Athir (c. 1231). It is in the form of annals extending from the creation of the world to the year 1329.[10]
^Encyclopedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, (edited by) Helaine Selin, pp. 7–8, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, 1997 Identifiants et Référentiels Sudoc Pour L'Enseignement Supérieur et la Recherche – Abū al-Fidā (1273–1331) (in French)
^The Moslem World. Nile Mission Press. 1922. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
^ abcdOne or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abulfeda". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 80.
^The Travels of Ibn Batūta: With Notes, Illustrative of the History, p. 211, at Google Books
^Gunn, Geoffrey C. Overcoming Ptolemy: The Revelation of an Asian World Region. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 47–48. ISBN9781498590143.
^Winfree, Arthur T. (2001). The Geometry of Biological Time (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. p. 10. ISBN978-1-4757-3484-3.
^Helaine Selin, Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Westen Cultures (1997), p. 7.
^Henricus Orthobius Fleischer, Abulfedae historia anteislamica, arabice: E duobus codicibus bibliothecae regiae Parisiensis, 101 et 615, F.C.W. Vogel (1831).
General sourcesEdit
Gibb, H. A. R. (1986). "Abu'l Fidā". The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Volume 1: A-B. Leiden: Brill. pp. 118–119.
Studies on Abul-Fida' al-Ḥamawi (1273–1331 A.D.) by Farid Ibn Faghül, Carl Ehrig-Eggert, E. Neubauer. Institute for the History of Arabic-Islamic Science (Institut für Geschichte der Arabisch-Islamischen Wissenschaften) at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 1992.
Encyclopedie de l'Islam, 2nd ed. E.J. Brill, Leiden and G.P. Maisonneuve, Paris, 1960. (in French)
Further readingEdit
de Slane, Baron (1872). "Autobiographie d'Abou 'L-Fedā: Extraite de sa chronicle". Recueil des Historiens des Croisades: Historiens Orientaux (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. pp. 166–186, 745–751.
Abulfedae tabulae quaedam geographicae, nunc primum Arab. ed., Lat. vertit, notis illustr. H.F ... (1835)
at the Salaam Biographical Dictionary
October 21, 2023
abulfeda, lunar, crater, crater, ismāʿīl, ʿalī, maḥmūd, muḥammad, ʿumar, shāhanshāh, ayyūb, shādī, marwān, arabic, إسماعيل, بن, علي, بن, محمود, بن, محمد, بن, عمر, بن, شاهنشاه, بن, أيوب, بن, شادي, بن, مروان, better, known, abū, fidāʾ, arabic, أبو, الفداء, novem. For the lunar crater see Abulfeda crater Ismaʿil b ʿAli b Maḥmud b Muḥammad b ʿUmar b Shahanshah b Ayyub b Shadi b Marwan 1 Arabic إسماعيل بن علي بن محمود بن محمد بن عمر بن شاهنشاه بن أيوب بن شادي بن مروان better known as Abu al Fidaʾ or Abulfeda Arabic أبو الفداء November 1273 27 October 1331 2 was a Mamluk era Kurdish geographer historian Ayyubid prince and local governor of Hama 3 AbulfedaBornNovember 1273DamascusDied27 October 1331 1331 10 27 aged 57 HamaChildrenAl Afdal Muhammad Contents 1 Life 2 Works 2 1 Geography 2 2 History 3 See also 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 General sources 5 Further reading 6 External linksLife EditAbu l Fida was born in Damascus 4 where his father Malik ul Afdal brother of Emir Al Mansur Muhammad II of Hama had fled from the Mongols Abu l Fida was an Ayyubid prince of Kurdish origin 5 In his boyhood he devoted himself to the study of the Qur an and the sciences but from his twelfth year onward he was almost constantly engaged in military expeditions chiefly against the Crusaders 6 In 1285 he was present at the attack on a stronghold of the Knights of St John and took part in the sieges of Tripoli Acre and Qal at ar Rum In 1298 he entered the service of the Mamluk sultan Malik al Nasir and after twelve years was invested by him with the governorship of Hama In 1312 he became prince with the title Malik us Salhn and in 1320 received the hereditary rank of sultan with the title Malik ul Mu ayyad 6 He died in 1331 6 Works EditGeography Edit Taqwim al Buldan A Sketch of the Countries is like much of the history founded on the works of his predecessors including the works of Ptolemy and Muhammad al Idrisi A long introduction on various geographical matters is followed by twenty eight sections dealing in tabular form with the chief towns of the world After each name are given the longitude latitude climate spelling and then observations generally taken from earlier authors Parts of the work were published and translated as early as 1650 in Europe 6 In his works Abu l Fida correctly mentions the latitude and longitude of the city of Quanzhou in China 7 The book also contains the first known explanation of the circumnavigator s paradox Abu l Fida wrote that a person who completed a westward circumnavigation of the world would count one fewer day than a stationary observer since he was traveling in the same direction as the apparent motion of the sun in the sky A person traveling eastward would count one more day than a stationary observer 8 This phenomenon was confirmed two centuries later when the Magellan Elcano expedition 1519 1522 completed the first circumnavigation After sailing westward around the world from Spain the expedition called at Cape Verde for supplies on Wednesday 9 July 1522 ship s time However the locals told them that it was actually Thursday 10 July 1522 9 History Edit His Concise History of Humanity Arabic المختصر في أخبار البشر Tarikh al Mukhtasar fi Akhbar al Bashar also An Abridgment of the History at the Human Race or History of Abu al Fida تاريخ أبى الفداء was written between 1315 and 1329 as a continuation of The Complete History by Ali ibn al Athir c 1231 It is in the form of annals extending from the creation of the world to the year 1329 10 It is divided into two parts one covering the history of pre Islamic Arabia and the other the history of Islam until 1329 It was kept up to date by other Arab historians by Ibn al Wardi until 1348 and by Ibn al Shihna until 1403 It was translated into Latin 11 French and English and was the main work of Muslim historiography used by 18th century orientalists including Jean Gagnier 1670 1740 and Johann Jakob Reiske 1754 See also EditList of Muslim historians Abulfeda a crater on the Moon which was named after himReferences EditCitations Edit Encyclopaedia Islamica Gibbs 1986 p 119 Encyclopedia of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in Non Western Cultures edited by Helaine Selin pp 7 8 Kluwer Academic Publishers Netherlands 1997 Identifiants et Referentiels Sudoc Pour L Enseignement Superieur et la Recherche Abu al Fida 1273 1331 in French Chambers Biographical Dictionary ISBN 0 550 18022 2 page 5 The Moslem World Nile Mission Press 1922 Retrieved 5 December 2022 a b c d nbsp One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Abulfeda Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 1 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 80 The Travels of Ibn Batuta With Notes Illustrative of the History p 211 at Google Books Gunn Geoffrey C Overcoming Ptolemy The Revelation of an Asian World Region Lanham Maryland Lexington Books pp 47 48 ISBN 9781498590143 Winfree Arthur T 2001 The Geometry of Biological Time 2nd ed New York Springer Science amp Business Media p 10 ISBN 978 1 4757 3484 3 Helaine Selin Encyclopaedia of the History of Science Technology and Medicine in Non Westen Cultures 1997 p 7 Henricus Orthobius Fleischer Abulfedae historia anteislamica arabice E duobus codicibus bibliothecae regiae Parisiensis 101 et 615 F C W Vogel 1831 General sources Edit Gibb H A R 1986 Abu l Fida The Encyclopaedia of Islam Volume 1 A B Leiden Brill pp 118 119 Studies on Abul Fida al Ḥamawi 1273 1331 A D by Farid Ibn Faghul Carl Ehrig Eggert E Neubauer Institute for the History of Arabic Islamic Science Institut fur Geschichte der Arabisch Islamischen Wissenschaften at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany 1992 Encyclopedie de l Islam 2nd ed E J Brill Leiden and G P Maisonneuve Paris 1960 in French Further reading Editde Slane Baron 1872 Autobiographie d Abou L Feda Extraite de sa chronicle Recueil des Historiens des Croisades Historiens Orientaux in French Vol 1 Paris Imprimerie Nationale pp 166 186 745 751 External links EditVernet J 2008 1970 80 Abu l Fidaʾ Ismaʿil Ibn ʿAli Ibn Maḥmud Ibn Ayyub ʿImad Al Din Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography Encyclopedia com Abulfedae tabulae quaedam geographicae nunc primum Arab ed Lat vertit notis illustr H F 1835 Abul Fida Ismail Ibn Hamwi at the Salaam Biographical Dictionary Tabari The Scholars of Hama Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abulfeda amp oldid 1179572608, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
