Abraham of Toledo (c. 1225–1294), also known as Abraham Alfaquín and Abraham ibn Waqar, was an Iberian Jewish physician and translator of the Toledo School of Translators.
Lifeedit
Abraham's birthplace is unknown, but was probably either Toledo or Burgos.[1] His surname is also uncertain. "Ibn Shoshan" has been proposed, but it appears that he was a younger brother of Isaac ibn Waqar, the physician of Juan Manuel.[2]
Abraham served as personal physician to Alfonso X of Castile and his son Sancho IV of Castile, under whose patronage he translated numerous books from Arabic into Castilian. Together with five other prominent court Jews, he was kidnapped and held hostage from 1270 to 1275 by rebellious nobles demanding the elimination of taxes.[3]
Worksedit
Abraham translated in 1263 the Kitab al-Miraj ('The Book of Muhammad's Ladder'), an account of the Mi'raj, into Castilian under the title La escala de Mahoma.[4][5] His Castilian translation was in turn translated into French by Bonaventure of Siena the same year, the first book on the subject of Muhammad's prophethood presented to a French lay audience.[6] He later translated (after 1270) a cosmographical work of Alhazen under the title Libro de la constitución del universo (Arabic: Kitab fi Hay’at al-ʿAlam), and revised a 1277 translation of Arzachel's Libro de la Açafeha (Arabic: al-Safiḥa) by Fernando of Toledo found unsatisfactory by the king.[7]
^Ana Echevarría (2005), "Eschatology or Biography? Alfonso X, Muhammad's Ladder and a Jewish Go-Between", in Leyla Rouhi; Cynthia Robinson (eds.), Under the Influence: Questioning the Comparative in Medieval Castile, Brill, pp. 133–152, at 145–146.
^Rodríguez Arribas, Josefina (2010). "Abraham of Toledo". In Stillman, Norman A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World.
^Heullant-Donat, I.; Polo de Beaulieu, M.-A. (1991). "Histoire d'une traduction". Le Livre de l'échelle de Mahomet (in French). Translated by Besson, Gisèle; Brossard-Dandré, Michèle. Paris: Le Livre de Poche. p. 22. ISBN978-2-253-05644-7. OCLC 24853016.
^Toorawa, Shawkat M. (April 1992). "Muhammad, Muslims, and Islamophiles in Dante's Commedia". The Muslim World. Wiley. 82 (1–2): 137. doi:10.1111/j.1478-1913.1992.tb03545.x. ISSN 0027-4909.
^Jeczmyk, Olga (26 January 2017). "Abraham Alfaquín: A Translator from the Famous Toledo School of Translators". Terminology Coordination. European Parliament. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
^Foz, Clara (1998). Le traducteur, l'Église et le Roi: Espagne, XIIe et XIIIe siècles (in French). Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press. ISBN978-2-7603-0462-8. OCLC 742333036.
December 18, 2023
abraham, toledo, 1225, 1294, also, known, abraham, alfaquín, abraham, waqar, iberian, jewish, physician, translator, toledo, school, translators, life, editabraham, birthplace, unknown, probably, either, toledo, burgos, surname, also, uncertain, shoshan, been,. Abraham of Toledo c 1225 1294 also known as Abraham Alfaquin and Abraham ibn Waqar was an Iberian Jewish physician and translator of the Toledo School of Translators Life editAbraham s birthplace is unknown but was probably either Toledo or Burgos 1 His surname is also uncertain Ibn Shoshan has been proposed but it appears that he was a younger brother of Isaac ibn Waqar the physician of Juan Manuel 2 Abraham served as personal physician to Alfonso X of Castile and his son Sancho IV of Castile under whose patronage he translated numerous books from Arabic into Castilian Together with five other prominent court Jews he was kidnapped and held hostage from 1270 to 1275 by rebellious nobles demanding the elimination of taxes 3 Works editAbraham translated in 1263 the Kitab al Miraj The Book of Muhammad s Ladder an account of the Mi raj into Castilian under the title La escala de Mahoma 4 5 His Castilian translation was in turn translated into French by Bonaventure of Siena the same year the first book on the subject of Muhammad s prophethood presented to a French lay audience 6 He later translated after 1270 a cosmographical work of Alhazen under the title Libro de la constitucion del universo Arabic Kitab fi Hay at al ʿAlam and revised a 1277 translation of Arzachel s Libro de la Acafeha Arabic al Safiḥa by Fernando of Toledo found unsatisfactory by the king 7 References edit Maria Fuencisla Garcia Casar 2018 Abraham de Toledo Diccionario biografico espanol Real Academia de la Historia Ana Echevarria 2005 Eschatology or Biography Alfonso X Muhammad s Ladder and a Jewish Go Between in Leyla Rouhi Cynthia Robinson eds Under the Influence Questioning the Comparative in Medieval Castile Brill pp 133 152 at 145 146 Rodriguez Arribas Josefina 2010 Abraham of Toledo In Stillman Norman A ed Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World Heullant Donat I Polo de Beaulieu M A 1991 Histoire d une traduction Le Livre de l echelle de Mahomet in French Translated by Besson Gisele Brossard Dandre Michele Paris Le Livre de Poche p 22 ISBN 978 2 253 05644 7 OCLC 24853016 Toorawa Shawkat M April 1992 Muhammad Muslims and Islamophiles in Dante s Commedia The Muslim World Wiley 82 1 2 137 doi 10 1111 j 1478 1913 1992 tb03545 x ISSN 0027 4909 Jeczmyk Olga 26 January 2017 Abraham Alfaquin A Translator from the Famous Toledo School of Translators Terminology Coordination European Parliament Retrieved 16 March 2019 Foz Clara 1998 Le traducteur l Eglise et le Roi Espagne XIIe et XIIIe siecles in French Ottawa University of Ottawa Press ISBN 978 2 7603 0462 8 OCLC 742333036 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Abraham of Toledo amp oldid 1131627971, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
