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Sancho IV of Castile (12 May 1258 – 25 April 1295) called the Brave (el Bravo), was the king of Castile, León and Galicia from 1284 to his death. Following his brother Ferdinand's death, he gained the support of nobles that declared him king instead of Ferdinand's son Alfonso. Faced with revolts throughout his reign, before he died he made his wife regent for his son Ferdinand IV.
Sancho was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda, daughter of James I of Aragon.[1] His elder brother, Ferdinand de la Cerda, died in November 1275. In 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand's son Alfonso, then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284. This was all against the wishes of their father, but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless.
Sancho's ascension was in part due to his rejection of his father's elitist politics. Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities, but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda. One of the leaders of the opposition was his brother John of Castile, who united to his cause the lord of Biscay, Lope Díaz III de Haro. Sancho responded by executing the Lord of Biscay and incarcerating his brother. According to the chroniclers, he cemented his hold on power by executing 4,000 other followers of Infante Alfonso, son of Ferdinand de la Cerda, in Badajoz. He executed 400 more in Talavera and more in Ávila and Toledo.
Upon dispensing with this opposition, Sancho pardoned his brother, who was released. John bided his time before fomenting revolt again: the conflict over Tarifa. He called in the aid of the Marinids in Morocco and besieged Guzmán the Good in his castle (1291). At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism, the innocent death of the son of Guzmán. Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to the Maghreb. The intent of both John and the Sultan of Marinids (to invade) was foiled.
When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon, he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista. Indeed, both of James' predecessors had tried to do likewise. Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel of Castile.
Just before succumbing to a fatal illness (possibly tuberculosis)[2] he appointed his wife, María de Molina, to act as regent for his nine-year-old son, Ferdinand IV. He died on 25 April 1295 in Toledo.[2]
Family
Sancho married Maria de Molina in 1282,[3] but at first their marriage did not have the necessary papal dispensation for two reasons: First, they had a distant blood relation, and second, Sancho had been betrothed as an infant to a rich Catalan heiress named Guillerma Moncada.
Teresa Sánchez, who married Juan Alfonso Téllez de Meneses (died 5 May 1304), a Castilian nobleman, 4th Lord of Alburquerque, who became the 1st Count of Barcelos and was the Mordomo Mor (high steward) of King Denis I of Portugal, and had female issue. After the death of her first husband, she married Ruy Gil de Villalobos, with whom she had one daughter.
By another woman whose name is unknown, he had:
Alfonso Sánchez, who married, as his second wife, María Díaz de Salcedo, but died without issue.
^Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia, Ed. E. Michael Gerli and Samuel G. Armistead, (Routledge, 2003), 50.
^XXV años de la Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Ed. Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, (Hidalguia, 1985), 431.
Sources
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sancho IV of Castile.
Coldiron, A. E. B. (2015). Printers Without Borders: Translation and Textuality in the Renaissance. Cambridge University Press.
Linehan, Peter (1995). "Castile, Portugal and Navarre". In Abulafia, David (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 5, C.1198-c.1300. Cambridge University Press.
XXV años de la Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Ed. Escuela de Genealogía, Heráldica y Nobiliaria, Hidalguia, 1985.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish June 2012 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the Spanish article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 215 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at es Sancho IV de Castilla see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated es Sancho IV de Castilla to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Sancho IV of Castile news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Sancho IV of Castile 12 May 1258 25 April 1295 called the Brave el Bravo was the king of Castile Leon and Galicia from 1284 to his death Following his brother Ferdinand s death he gained the support of nobles that declared him king instead of Ferdinand s son Alfonso Faced with revolts throughout his reign before he died he made his wife regent for his son Ferdinand IV Sancho IVKing of Castile and LeonReign4 April 1284 25 April 1295PredecessorAlfonso XSuccessorFerdinand IVBorn12 May 1258ValladolidDied25 April 1295 1295 04 25 aged 36 ToledoBurialCathedral of ToledoSpouseMaria de Molina m 1282 wbr Issueamong others Isabella Queen of Aragon Ferdinand IV of Castile Alfonso Peter Lord of Cameros Philip Lord of Cabrera Beatrice Queen of PortugalHouseCastilian House of IvreaFatherAlfonso X of CastileMotherViolant of AragonReligionRoman Catholicism Contents 1 Biography 2 Family 3 References 4 SourcesBiography EditSancho was the second son of Alfonso X and Yolanda daughter of James I of Aragon 1 His elder brother Ferdinand de la Cerda died in November 1275 In 1282 Sancho assembled a coalition of nobles to declare for him against Ferdinand s son Alfonso then took control of the kingdom when Alfonso X died in 1284 This was all against the wishes of their father but Sancho was crowned in Toledo nevertheless Sancho s ascension was in part due to his rejection of his father s elitist politics Sancho was recognised and supported by the majority of the nobility and the cities but a sizable minority opposed him throughout his reign and worked for the heirs of Ferdinand de la Cerda One of the leaders of the opposition was his brother John of Castile who united to his cause the lord of Biscay Lope Diaz III de Haro Sancho responded by executing the Lord of Biscay and incarcerating his brother According to the chroniclers he cemented his hold on power by executing 4 000 other followers of Infante Alfonso son of Ferdinand de la Cerda in Badajoz He executed 400 more in Talavera and more in Avila and Toledo Upon dispensing with this opposition Sancho pardoned his brother who was released John bided his time before fomenting revolt again the conflict over Tarifa He called in the aid of the Marinids in Morocco and besieged Guzman the Good in his castle 1291 At this siege occurred that famous act of heroism the innocent death of the son of Guzman Tarifa was faithfully defended until Sancho could rescue it and the Marinids retreated to the Maghreb The intent of both John and the Sultan of Marinids to invade was foiled When James II succeeded to the Crown of Aragon he endeavoured to bind the two crowns more closely and to unite in the Reconquista Indeed both of James predecessors had tried to do likewise Sancho was also the friend and tutor of Juan Manuel of Castile Just before succumbing to a fatal illness possibly tuberculosis 2 he appointed his wife Maria de Molina to act as regent for his nine year old son Ferdinand IV He died on 25 April 1295 in Toledo 2 Family EditSancho married Maria de Molina in 1282 3 but at first their marriage did not have the necessary papal dispensation for two reasons First they had a distant blood relation and second Sancho had been betrothed as an infant to a rich Catalan heiress named Guillerma Moncada They had the following children Isabella 1283 1328 Married first James II of Aragon and secondly John III Duke of Brittany Ferdinand IV of Castile 1285 1312 Married Constance of Portugal Alfonso de Castilla 1286 1291 Henry 1288 1299 Peter 1290 1319 married Maria daughter of James II of Aragon Philip 1292 1327 Married his cousin Margarita de la Cerda daughter of Alfonso de la Cerda 4 Beatrice 1293 1359 Married Afonso IV of Portugal He had three illegitimate children By Maria Alfonso Tellez de Menezes d Toro wife of Juan Garcia Lord of Ucero Violante Sanchez died bef 1327 who held the dowry of Ucero as its lady married in 1293 Fernando Rodriguez de Castro Lord of Lemos 5 Teresa Sanchez who married Juan Alfonso Tellez de Meneses died 5 May 1304 a Castilian nobleman 4th Lord of Alburquerque who became the 1st Count of Barcelos and was the Mordomo Mor high steward of King Denis I of Portugal and had female issue After the death of her first husband she married Ruy Gil de Villalobos with whom she had one daughter By another woman whose name is unknown he had Alfonso Sanchez who married as his second wife Maria Diaz de Salcedo but died without issue References Edit Coldiron 2015 p 79 a b Linehan 1995 p 699 Linehan 1995 p 696 Medieval Iberia An Encyclopedia Ed E Michael Gerli and Samuel G Armistead Routledge 2003 50 XXV anos de la Escuela de Genealogia Heraldica y Nobiliaria Ed Escuela de Genealogia Heraldica y Nobiliaria Hidalguia 1985 431 Sources Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sancho IV of Castile Coldiron A E B 2015 Printers Without Borders Translation and Textuality in the Renaissance Cambridge University Press Linehan Peter 1995 Castile Portugal and Navarre In Abulafia David ed The New Cambridge Medieval History Volume 5 C 1198 c 1300 Cambridge University Press XXV anos de la Escuela de Genealogia Heraldica y Nobiliaria Ed Escuela de Genealogia Heraldica y Nobiliaria Hidalguia 1985 Sancho IV of CastileCastilian House of IvreaCadet branch of the House of IvreaBorn 12 May 1258 Died 25 April 1295Regnal titlesPreceded byAlfonso X King of Castile and Leon1284 1295 Succeeded byFerdinand IV Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Sancho IV of Castile amp oldid 1107243120, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
