After ibn Zyan's death, the Marinid sultan besieged Tlemcen for eight years and finally captured it in 1337–48, with Abu al-Hasan 'Ali as the new ruler. After a period of self-rule, it was governed again by the Marinid dynasty from 1352 to 1359 under Abu Inan Faris.[5] The Marinids reoccupied it periodically, particularly in 1360 and 1370.[7] In both cases, the Marinids found that they were unable to hold the region against local resistance.[8] but these episodes appear to have marked the beginning of the end of the Zayyanid dynasty.
During the rule of Abu Malek the Zayyanids captured Fez and then all of Morocco and installed a ruler as a vassal of Tlemcen, thereby making Morocco a Zayyanid vassal. In the 15th century, expansion eastward was attempted, but proved disastrous, as consequences of these incursions they were so weakened that over the following two centuries, the Zayyanid kingdom was intermittently a vassal of HafsidIfriqiya, Marinid Morocco, or Aragon.[8] When the Spanish took the city of Oran from the kingdom in 1509, continuous pressure from the Berbers prompted the Spanish to attempt a counterattack against the city of Tlemcen (1543), which was deemed by the Papacy to be a crusade. The Spanish failed to take the city in the first attack, although the strategic vulnerability of Tlemcen caused the kingdom's weight to shift toward the safer and more heavily fortified corsair base at Algiers.
^ abI. Hrbek (1997), The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib, in Joseph Ki-Zerbo & Djibril T Niane (eds.) (1997), General History of Africa, vol. IV: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century (abridged ed.) UNESCO, James Curry Ltd., and Univ. Calif. Press., pp. 34–43.
^Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers. London: McFarland. pp. 2–3. ISBN0-89950-390-X.
External links
Britannica.com: The ʿAbd al-Wādid Dynasty
Qantara-med.org: The Abdelwadids (1236–1554) – by Yassir Benhima.
Media related to Zayyanid dynasty at Wikimedia Commons
February 06, 2023
zayyanid, dynasty, this, article, about, dynasty, that, ruled, tlemcen, history, their, state, kingdom, tlemcen, arabic, زيانيون, ziyānyūn, wadids, arabic, بنو, عبد, الواد, bānu, ʿabd, wād, berber, zenata, dynasty, that, ruled, kingdom, tlemcen, mainly, modern. This article is about the dynasty that ruled Tlemcen For the history of their state see Kingdom of Tlemcen The Zayyanid dynasty Arabic زيانيون Ziyanyun or Abd al Wadids Arabic بنو عبد الواد Banu ʿabd al Wad was a Berber Zenata 1 2 3 dynasty that ruled the Kingdom of Tlemcen mainly in modern Algeria centered on the town of Tlemcen in northwest Algeria The Zayyanid dynasty s rule lasted from 1235 to 1557 4 Zayyanid dynastyCurrent regionMaghreb North Western AlgeriaFounded1235FounderYaghmurasen Ibn ZyanFinal rulerHassan ITitlesSultan of TlemcenDissolution1557Deposition1557 Contents 1 History 2 List of rulers 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory EditMain article Kingdom of Tlemcen On the collapse of the Almohad Caliphate s rule around 1236 5 the kingdom of Tlemcen became independent under the rule of the Zayyanids and Yaghmurasen Ibn Zyan 5 6 Ibn Zyan was able to maintain control over the rival Berber groups and when faced with the outside threat of the Marinids he formed an alliance with the Sultan of Granada and the King of Castile Alfonso X 5 After ibn Zyan s death the Marinid sultan besieged Tlemcen for eight years and finally captured it in 1337 48 with Abu al Hasan Ali as the new ruler After a period of self rule it was governed again by the Marinid dynasty from 1352 to 1359 under Abu Inan Faris 5 The Marinids reoccupied it periodically particularly in 1360 and 1370 7 In both cases the Marinids found that they were unable to hold the region against local resistance 8 but these episodes appear to have marked the beginning of the end of the Zayyanid dynasty During the rule of Abu Malek the Zayyanids captured Fez and then all of Morocco and installed a ruler as a vassal of Tlemcen thereby making Morocco a Zayyanid vassal In the 15th century expansion eastward was attempted but proved disastrous as consequences of these incursions they were so weakened that over the following two centuries the Zayyanid kingdom was intermittently a vassal of Hafsid Ifriqiya Marinid Morocco or Aragon 8 When the Spanish took the city of Oran from the kingdom in 1509 continuous pressure from the Berbers prompted the Spanish to attempt a counterattack against the city of Tlemcen 1543 which was deemed by the Papacy to be a crusade The Spanish failed to take the city in the first attack although the strategic vulnerability of Tlemcen caused the kingdom s weight to shift toward the safer and more heavily fortified corsair base at Algiers In 1554 the Kingdom of Tlemcen became a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire which later deposed the Zayyanid dynasty and annexed the country to the Regency of Algiers List of rulers EditDates and most alternate names taken from John Stewart s African States and Rulers 1989 9 No Name Alternate Name Reign Begin Reign End Notes1 Yghomracen Ibn Zyan Abu Yahya I bin Zayyan 1236 March 1283 Founder2 Abu Said Uthman I Othmane Ibn Yaghmoracen March 1283 6 June 1304 Son of Abu Yahya I3 Abu Zayyan I Abu Zayyar I Muhammad 6 June 1304 14 April 1308 Son of Abu Said Uthman I4 Abu Hammu I Abu Hamma I Musa 14 April 1308 22 July 1318 Brother of Abu Zayyan IAssassinated by his son Abu Tashufin I5 Abu Tashufin I Abu Tashufin I Abdal Rahman 22 July 1318 May 1336 Son of Abu Hammu IFirst Marinid conquest 1337 1348 Marinid ruler was Abu al Hasan Ali 6 Abu Said Uthman II Abu Sa id Uthman II Abdal Rahman 1348 1352 Son of Abu Tashufin ICo ruler with Abu Thabid I7 Abu Thabid I Abu Thabit 1348 1352 Son of Abu Tashufin ICo ruler with Abu Said Uthman IISecond Marinid conquest 1352 1359 Marinid ruler was Abu Inan 8 Abu Hammu II Musa Abu Hammu II ibn Abi Yaqub February 1359 20 May 1360 First ReignBrother of Abu Said Uthman II9 Abu Zayyan II Abu Zayyan Muhammad II ibn Uthman 20 May 1360 1360 Ruled during times when Abu Hammu II was forced from power Abu Hammu II 1360 1370 Second ReignExpedition to Bugia defeated 1366 Abu Zayyan II 1370 1372 Second Reign Abu Hammu II 1372 1383 Third Reign Abu Zayyan II 1383 1384 Third Reign Abu Hammu II 1384 1387 Fourth Reign Abu Zayyan II 1387 1387 Fourth and final Reign Abu Hammu II 1387 1389 Fifth and final Reign10 Abu Tashufin II Abu Tashufin II Abdal Rahman 1389 29 May 1393 Son of Abu Hammu I11 Abu Thabid II Abu Thabit II Yusuf 29 May 1393 8 July 1393 Son of Abu Tashufin I12 Abul Hadjdjadj I Abu Hadjjaj Yusuf 8 July 1393 November 1393 Brother of Abu Thabid II13 Abu Zayyan II Abu Zayyan II Muhammad November 1393 1397 Brother of Abul Hadjdjadj I14 Abu Muhammad I Abu Muhammad Abdallah I 1397 1400 Brother of Abu Zayyan II15 Abu Abdallah I Abu Abdallah Muhammad I 1400 1411 Brother of Abu Muhammad I16 Abd al Rahman I Abd al Rahman ibn Musa U 1411 1411 Son of Abu Muhammad I17 Said I Abu Sa id ibn Musa 1411 November 1412 Brother of Abu Muhammad I18 Abu Malek I Abu Malek Abd al Wahid November 1412 May 1424 First reignBrother of Said I19 Abu Abdallah II Abu Abdallah Muhammad II May 1424 1427 First reignSon of Abd al Rahman IInterregnum Civil War 1427 1429 Abu Malek I 1429 1430 Second reign Abu Abdallah II 1430 1430 Second reign20 Abu Abbas Ahmad I Abu al Abbas Ahmad I 1430 January 1462 Son of Abu Thabid II21 Abu Abdallah III Abu Abdallah Muhammad III February 1462 1468 Son of Abu Abbas Ahmad I22 Abu Tashufin III 1468 1468 Son of Abu Abdallah III23 Abu Abdallah IV Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV 1468 1504 Brother of Abu Tashufin III24 Abu Abdallah V Abu Abdallah Muhammad V 1504 1517 Son of Abu Abdallah IV25 Abu Hammu III Abu Hammu III Musa 1517 1527 Son of Abu Abbas Ahmad I26 Abu Muhammad II Abu Muhammad Abdallah II 1527 January 1541 Brother of Abu Hammu III27 Abu Zayyan III Abu Zayyan Ahmad January 1541 7 March 1543 First ReignSon of Abu Muhammad II28 Abu Abdallah VI Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI 7 March 1543 June 1543 Brother of Abu Zayyan III Abu Zayyan III June 1543 1550 Second Reign29 Al Hassan ibn Abdallah 1550 1557 Brother of Abu Zayyan IIISee also EditAftasid dynasty Wattasid dynasty List of Sunni Muslim dynasties History of AlgeriaReferences Edit Algeria Zayanids countrystudies us Retrieved 22 July 2016 Abd al Wadid Dynasty Berber dynasty Retrieved 22 July 2016 Appiah Anthony Gates Henry Louis 1 January 2010 Encyclopedia of Africa Oxford University Press ISBN 9780195337709 Phillip Chiviges Naylor North Africa a history from antiquity to the present University of Texas Press 2009 98 a b c d Abd al Wadid Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol I A Ak Bayes 15th ed Chicago Illinois Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc 2010 pp 16 ISBN 978 1 59339 837 8 Delfina S Ruano 2006 Hafsids in Josef W Meri ed Medieval Islamic Civilization an Encyclopedia Routledge p 309 Qantara The Abdelwadids 1236 1554 Archived from the original on 7 July 2010 a b I Hrbek 1997 The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib in Joseph Ki Zerbo amp Djibril T Niane eds 1997 General History of Africa vol IV Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century abridged ed UNESCO James Curry Ltd and Univ Calif Press pp 34 43 Stewart John 1989 African States and Rulers London McFarland pp 2 3 ISBN 0 89950 390 X External links EditBritannica com The ʿAbd al Wadid Dynasty Qantara med org The Abdelwadids 1236 1554 by Yassir Benhima Media related to Zayyanid dynasty at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Zayyanid dynasty amp oldid 1116305914, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
