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9th Army (Soviet Union)

January 01, 1970

The 9th Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army was a Soviet field army, active from 1939 to 1943.

History edit

First formation edit

It was active during the Winter War against Finland as part of the Leningrad Military District, beginning operations at the end of November 1939 under KomKor M.P. Duhanov with the 49th and Special Rifle Corps as well as assigned aviation units.[1] 9th Army was initially tasked with the capture of Kajaani and Oulu.[2] Two divisions attached to the army, the 44th and 163rd Rifle Divisions, were defeated by the Finns during the Battle of Suomussalmi. It appears to have been disbanded after the end of the war.

Second formation edit

In 1940 the Army was created to take part in the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. It was disbanded on 10 July 1940.

Third formation edit

By 1941 the Army was designated the 9th Separate Army (briefly) and included the 14th, 35th and 48th Rifle Corps (the last under then General Major Rodion Malinovsky), 2nd Cavalry Corps, 2nd and 18th Mechanised Corps, 80th, 81st, 82nd, 84th, 86th Fortified Regions and a number of other units – the biggest army on the Soviet border before the German Operation Barbarossa began. However, it was more an administrative than an operational formation on 22 June 1941.[3] With General Major M.V. Zakharov as chief of staff,[4] it was tasked to cover the Bălți, Chisinau, and Odesa approaches as part of General Ivan Tyulenev's Southern Front.

The first engagement came when Von Schobert's Eleventh Army crashed into the juncture of 9th and 18th Armies. North of Jassy, the German assault fell on the 48th Rifle Corps which was covering Bălți. Tyulenev ordered a counterattack, and soon 48th Rifle and 2nd Cavalry Corps plus 2nd Mechanised Corps from Southern Front reserve were engaged at Bălți and Stefanesti. Tyulenev then drew off 25th, 51st, and 150th Rifle Divisions from two of Zakharov's rifle corps to form a new 'Coastal Group' to cover the eastern bank of the Prut River, the northern bank of the Danube and the Black Sea coast.[5] (This group later became the Separate Coastal Army).

By early August, 9th Army was falling back to Mykolaiv under repeated German blows, and by 17 August across the River Ingulets and over to the eastern bank of the Dnieper. The 'Coastal Group' was meanwhile falling back on Odesa. By early 9 October Army was falling back on Taganrog, after a failed attempt by Southern Front's three armies to hold a line between Pavlograd and the Sea of Azov had been shattered by an outflanking maneuver by Von Kleist's newly renamed First Panzer Army.[6] The resulting Battle of the Sea of Azov shattered 9th Army, virtually destroying it.

The Soviets' next move was a planned offensive orchestrated by Timoshenko, GlavKom Southwest. After still more retreats and the loss of Rostov, 9th Army stepped off on 17 November as part of an assault by both Southern and Southwestern Fronts, and by 29 November, 9th Army in conjunction with 56th Army and other units had cleared Rostov and the city was back in Soviet hands. 9th Army then joined Timoshenko's strategic reserve, to join the battle again when the Barvenkovo–Lozovaya Offensive operation began.[7] 9th Army joined this assault in January 1942 when it broke into the German front on the northern Donets along with 6th and 57th Armies, reaching the line Balakleya-Lozovaia-Slavyansk before being halted by repeated German counterattacks.

Still with Southern Front, 9th Army was then allotted a subsidiary part in the Kharkov offensive – the Second Battle of Kharkiv – which kicked off in May 1942. Along with 57th Army, 9th Army was tasked to secure the southern part of the Izyum bulge in the front. While being in a secondary sector, 9th Army took much of the force of the German response, Operation Fridericus.[8] Eight hours into the German counterstroke, at noon on 17 May, elements of the First Panzer and Seventeenth Armies were ten miles into 9th Army's positions and threatening the neighbouring 57th Army's rear. Commander, Southern Front, General Lieutenant R. Ya. Malinovskii, at once drew 5th Cavalry Corps, a rifle division, and a tank brigade out of reserve in an attempt to halt Von Kleist. However discussions and decisions at Stavka about breaking off the Kharkov offensive in response did not come quickly enough, and 6th and 57th Armies were surrounded in the Izyum pocket with the loss of 200,000 plus men in casualties alone.

Later, as part of the North Caucasian and Transcaucasian Fronts, the Army fought on the big bend of the river Don (in the summer of 1942), and participated in the Battle of the Caucasus.

In November 1943 the army headquarters was disbanded, and its formations and units transferred to other armies.

Commanders edit

  • Komkor Mikhail Dukhanov (21 November – 22 December 1939)
  • Komkor Vasily Chuikov (22 December 1939 – 5 April 1940)
  • Lieutenant General Ivan Boldin (20 June – 10 July 1940)
  • Colonel General Yakov Cherevichenko (22 June – 9 September 1941)
  • Major General Fyodor Kharitonov (9 September 1941 – 20 May 1942)
  • Major General Pyotr Kozlov (20 May – 18 June 1942)
  • Major General Dmitry Nikishov (18–24 June 1942)
  • Lieutenant General Anton Lopatin (24 June – 17 July 1942)
  • Major General Feofan Parkhomenko (14 July – 7 August 1942)
  • Major General Vladimir Marcinkiewicz (8–28 August 1942)
  • Major General (Lieutenant General April 1943) Konstantin Koroteev (September 1942 – February 1943)
  • Major General Vasily Glagolev (11 February – 22 March 1943)
  • Lieutenant General Konstantin Koroteev (March–May 1943)
  • Major General (Lieutenant General October 1943) Aleksei Grechkin (June–November 1943)

Order of Battle, 22 June 1941 edit

Note: This order of battle disagrees in the matter of the 150th Rifle Division with material from David Glantz, Stumbling Colossus

1 July 1942 (Southwest Front) edit

1 February 1943 (North Caucasus Front) edit

  • 9th Rifle Corps (43rd, 157th, 256th Rifle Brigades)
  • 11th Guards Rifle Corps (7th, 34th, 57th. Rifle Brigades, 8. Guards Rifle Brigade)
  • 11th Rifle Corps (19th, 84th, 131st Rifle Brigades)
  • 207th Tank Brigade

1 July 1943 (North Caucasus Front) edit

  • 9th Rifle Corps (34th, 43rd, 157th, 256th Rifle Brigades)
  • 11th Rifle Corps (19th, 57th, 84th, 131st Rifle Brigades)
  • 276th, 351st Rifle Divisions

Sources edit

  1. ^ 9th Army, Red Army, 30.11.1939
  2. ^ Irincheev, Bair (1 January 2012). War of the White Death: Finland Against the Soviet Union, 1939-40. Stackpole Books. p. 6. ISBN 9780811710886.
  3. ^ John Erickson (historian), The Road to Stalingrad, 2003 Cassel Military Paperbacks edition, p. 141
  4. ^ "Biography of Marshal of Soviet Union Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov – (Матвей Васильевич Захаров) (1898 – 1972), Soviet Union". generals.dk. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  5. ^ Erickson, 2003, p. 168
  6. ^ Erickson, 2003, pp. 255–6, 265
  7. ^ Erickson, 2003, pp. 328–9
  8. ^ Erickson, 2003, pp. 346–7
  • Robert Kirchubel: Unternehmen Barbarossa, Oxford 2003.
  • from http://samsv.narod.ru/Arm/a09/arm.html:
    • Grechko A., " fight for Caucasus ", 2 изд., Moscow, 1973
    • Oreshkin A., " Defensive operation of 9-th army (October – November 1941) ", Moscow, 1960
  • Administrative Order of Battle, 9th Army, 22 June 1941

January 01, 1970
army, soviet, union, army, soviet, union, army, soviet, field, army, active, from, 1939, 1943, armyactive1939, 1943country, soviet, unionbranchsoviet, armytypefield, armyengagementswinter, battle, suomussalmi, world, operation, munchen, battle, rostov, second,. The 9th Army of the Soviet Union s Red Army was a Soviet field army active from 1939 to 1943 9th ArmyActive1939 1943Country Soviet UnionBranchSoviet ArmyTypeField armyEngagementsWinter War Battle of Suomussalmi World War II Operation Munchen Battle of Rostov Second Battle of Kharkiv Battle of the CaucasusCommandersNotablecommandersVasily Chuikov Ivan Boldin Yakov Cherevichenko Anton Lopatin Konstantin Koroteev Vasily GlagolevContents 1 History 1 1 First formation 1 2 Second formation 1 3 Third formation 2 Commanders 3 Order of Battle 22 June 1941 4 1 July 1942 Southwest Front 5 1 February 1943 North Caucasus Front 6 1 July 1943 North Caucasus Front 7 SourcesHistory editFirst formation edit It was active during the Winter War against Finland as part of the Leningrad Military District beginning operations at the end of November 1939 under KomKor M P Duhanov with the 49th and Special Rifle Corps as well as assigned aviation units 1 9th Army was initially tasked with the capture of Kajaani and Oulu 2 Two divisions attached to the army the 44th and 163rd Rifle Divisions were defeated by the Finns during the Battle of Suomussalmi It appears to have been disbanded after the end of the war Second formation edit In 1940 the Army was created to take part in the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina It was disbanded on 10 July 1940 Third formation edit By 1941 the Army was designated the 9th Separate Army briefly and included the 14th 35th and 48th Rifle Corps the last under then General Major Rodion Malinovsky 2nd Cavalry Corps 2nd and 18th Mechanised Corps 80th 81st 82nd 84th 86th Fortified Regions and a number of other units the biggest army on the Soviet border before the German Operation Barbarossa began However it was more an administrative than an operational formation on 22 June 1941 3 With General Major M V Zakharov as chief of staff 4 it was tasked to cover the Bălți Chisinau and Odesa approaches as part of General Ivan Tyulenev s Southern Front The first engagement came when Von Schobert s Eleventh Army crashed into the juncture of 9th and 18th Armies North of Jassy the German assault fell on the 48th Rifle Corps which was covering Bălți Tyulenev ordered a counterattack and soon 48th Rifle and 2nd Cavalry Corps plus 2nd Mechanised Corps from Southern Front reserve were engaged at Bălți and Stefanesti Tyulenev then drew off 25th 51st and 150th Rifle Divisions from two of Zakharov s rifle corps to form a new Coastal Group to cover the eastern bank of the Prut River the northern bank of the Danube and the Black Sea coast 5 This group later became the Separate Coastal Army By early August 9th Army was falling back to Mykolaiv under repeated German blows and by 17 August across the River Ingulets and over to the eastern bank of the Dnieper The Coastal Group was meanwhile falling back on Odesa By early 9 October Army was falling back on Taganrog after a failed attempt by Southern Front s three armies to hold a line between Pavlograd and the Sea of Azov had been shattered by an outflanking maneuver by Von Kleist s newly renamed First Panzer Army 6 The resulting Battle of the Sea of Azov shattered 9th Army virtually destroying it The Soviets next move was a planned offensive orchestrated by Timoshenko GlavKom Southwest After still more retreats and the loss of Rostov 9th Army stepped off on 17 November as part of an assault by both Southern and Southwestern Fronts and by 29 November 9th Army in conjunction with 56th Army and other units had cleared Rostov and the city was back in Soviet hands 9th Army then joined Timoshenko s strategic reserve to join the battle again when the Barvenkovo Lozovaya Offensive operation began 7 9th Army joined this assault in January 1942 when it broke into the German front on the northern Donets along with 6th and 57th Armies reaching the line Balakleya Lozovaia Slavyansk before being halted by repeated German counterattacks Still with Southern Front 9th Army was then allotted a subsidiary part in the Kharkov offensive the Second Battle of Kharkiv which kicked off in May 1942 Along with 57th Army 9th Army was tasked to secure the southern part of the Izyum bulge in the front While being in a secondary sector 9th Army took much of the force of the German response Operation Fridericus 8 Eight hours into the German counterstroke at noon on 17 May elements of the First Panzer and Seventeenth Armies were ten miles into 9th Army s positions and threatening the neighbouring 57th Army s rear Commander Southern Front General Lieutenant R Ya Malinovskii at once drew 5th Cavalry Corps a rifle division and a tank brigade out of reserve in an attempt to halt Von Kleist However discussions and decisions at Stavka about breaking off the Kharkov offensive in response did not come quickly enough and 6th and 57th Armies were surrounded in the Izyum pocket with the loss of 200 000 plus men in casualties alone Later as part of the North Caucasian and Transcaucasian Fronts the Army fought on the big bend of the river Don in the summer of 1942 and participated in the Battle of the Caucasus In November 1943 the army headquarters was disbanded and its formations and units transferred to other armies Commanders editKomkor Mikhail Dukhanov 21 November 22 December 1939 Komkor Vasily Chuikov 22 December 1939 5 April 1940 Lieutenant General Ivan Boldin 20 June 10 July 1940 Colonel General Yakov Cherevichenko 22 June 9 September 1941 Major General Fyodor Kharitonov 9 September 1941 20 May 1942 Major General Pyotr Kozlov 20 May 18 June 1942 Major General Dmitry Nikishov 18 24 June 1942 Lieutenant General Anton Lopatin 24 June 17 July 1942 Major General Feofan Parkhomenko 14 July 7 August 1942 Major General Vladimir Marcinkiewicz 8 28 August 1942 Major General Lieutenant General April 1943 Konstantin Koroteev September 1942 February 1943 Major General Vasily Glagolev 11 February 22 March 1943 Lieutenant General Konstantin Koroteev March May 1943 Major General Lieutenant General October 1943 Aleksei Grechkin June November 1943 Order of Battle 22 June 1941 editNote This order of battle disagrees in the matter of the 150th Rifle Division with material from David Glantz Stumbling Colossus 14th Rifle Corps General Major D G Jegerov 25th Rifle Division 51st Rifle Division 35th Rifle Corps brigadier I F Daschitschew 95th Rifle Division 176th Rifle Division 48th Rifle Corps major general Rodion Malinovsky 30th Mountain Rifle Division 74th Rifle Division 150th Rifle Division 2nd Cavalry Corps General Major P A Belov 5th Cavalry Division 9th Cavalry Division 2nd Mechanised Corps General Major J W Nowosetski 11th Tank Division 16th Tank Division 15th Motorised Division 18th Mechanised Corps Generalmajor P V Woloch 44th Tank Division 47th Tank Division 218th Motorised Division1 July 1942 Southwest Front edit51st 81st 106th 140th 255th 296th 318th 333rd Rifle Divisions 5th Cavalry Corps 30th 34th 60th Cavalry Divisions 12th Tank Brigade1 February 1943 North Caucasus Front edit9th Rifle Corps 43rd 157th 256th Rifle Brigades 11th Guards Rifle Corps 7th 34th 57th Rifle Brigades 8 Guards Rifle Brigade 11th Rifle Corps 19th 84th 131st Rifle Brigades 207th Tank Brigade1 July 1943 North Caucasus Front edit9th Rifle Corps 34th 43rd 157th 256th Rifle Brigades 11th Rifle Corps 19th 57th 84th 131st Rifle Brigades 276th 351st Rifle DivisionsSources edit 9th Army Red Army 30 11 1939 Irincheev Bair 1 January 2012 War of the White Death Finland Against the Soviet Union 1939 40 Stackpole Books p 6 ISBN 9780811710886 John Erickson historian The Road to Stalingrad 2003 Cassel Military Paperbacks edition p 141 Biography of Marshal of Soviet Union Matvei Vasilevich Zakharov Matvej Vasilevich Zaharov 1898 1972 Soviet Union generals dk Retrieved 3 February 2016 Erickson 2003 p 168 Erickson 2003 pp 255 6 265 Erickson 2003 pp 328 9 Erickson 2003 pp 346 7 Robert Kirchubel Unternehmen Barbarossa Oxford 2003 from http samsv narod ru Arm a09 arm html Grechko A fight for Caucasus 2 izd Moscow 1973 Oreshkin A Defensive operation of 9 th army October November 1941 Moscow 1960 Administrative Order of Battle 9th Army 22 June 1941 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 9th Army Soviet Union amp oldid 1221944402, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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